World History Chapter 8 TEST – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
William the Conqueror
answer
Fought Harold to be King of England at the Battle of Hastings; Won and became King in 1066
question
common law
answer
legal system based on custom and court rulings
question
jury
answer
group of men sworn to speak the truth
question
King John
answer
son of Henry II; cruel and untrustworthy; forced to sign Magna Carta
question
Magna Carta
answer
great charter
question
due process of law
answer
requirement that the government act fairly and in accordance with established rules in all that it does
question
habeas corpus
answer
No person may be held in prison without first being charged with a crime
question
Parliament
answer
Legislature of England
question
Louis IX
answer
King of France who persecuted Heretics
question
Holy Roman Empire
answer
vast empire from Germany to Italy
question
Henry IV
answer
King of Germany; Holy Roman Emperor; fought with Gregory VII and agreed to The Concordat of Worms
question
Pope Gregory VII
answer
Pope during King Henry IV's time. Fought with Henry and had to agree to the Concordat of Worms
question
lay investiture
answer
Emperor or another lay person (not clergy) presented bishops with ring and staff that symbolized office.
question
Frederick Barbarossa
answer
Holy Roman Emperor; Wanted to control Northern Italy but lost.
question
Pope Innocent III
answer
Claimed supremacy over all rulers
question
Crusades
answer
series of wars over Holy Land
question
Holy Land
answer
Jerusalem and other Palestine lands where Christians believed Jesus lived.
question
Pope Urban II
answer
Pope who encouraged Christians to fight in Crusades.
question
Reconquista
answer
"Reconquest" - Massive quest to expel Muslims from Spain.
question
Ferdinand and Isabella
answer
King and Queen of Spain. finished the Reconquista
question
Inquisition
answer
Church court set up to try people of heresy.
question
scholasticism
answer
Reason to support Christian beliefs
question
Thomas Aquinas
answer
famous scholstic who wrote Summa theologica
question
vernacular
answer
everyday language of ordinary people
question
Dante Alighieri
answer
Italian poet who wrote Divine comedy
question
Geoffrey Chaucer
answer
English writer who wrote Canterbury Tales
question
Gothic style
answer
Buildings with flying buttesses, thin walls, and tall stained glass windows
question
flying buttresses
answer
stone supports that stood outside the church
question
illumination
answer
Gothic artistic decoration of books
question
Black Death
answer
Disease that almost wiped out Europe
question
epidemic
answer
outbreak of rapid- spreading disease
question
inflation
answer
rising prices
question
schism
answer
split
question
longbow
answer
Long Archery Bow
question
Constantinople
answer
City at crossroads of land and sea routes in the Byzantine Empire
question
Justinian
answer
Emperor determined to revive ancient Rome
question
Justinian's Code
answer
Massive law reform; collection of all things having to do with Roman and Byzantine law
question
autocrat
answer
sole ruler with complete authority
question
Theodora
answer
Justinian's wife who was a prostetute.
question
patriach
answer
highest church official
question
icon
answer
Holy images
question
Great Schism
answer
Split between Eastern and Western Christianity
question
Methods to gain more monarch power (8.1)
answer
Organized Bureaucracies, Developed tax systems, built standing armies, and strengthened ties with townspeople of the middle class
question
How did William the Conquerer strengthen power after becoming King?
answer
Kept land for himself, complete census taken, built efficient tax system.
question
Dispute: Henry II and Thomas Becket
answer
Fought over right to try clergy in royal court, Henry asked who would rid him of the meddlesome problem and some of his knights killed Thomas.
question
Why did King John sign Magna Carta?
answer
A rebellious group of barons cornered him. They were mad over all the taxes
question
Concordat of Worms
answer
Declared that the Church has sole power to elect and invest bishops with spiritual authority.
question
Why did Pope Urban II rally Christians to help Byzantine empire at the Council of Clermont?
answer
The pope hoped to increase his power and fix the schism between the East and West.
question
What crusade did Christian knights succeed in capturing Jerusalem?
answer
The First Crusade
question
Why did science make so little progress during middle ages?
answer
People believed all things must fit with the Church teachings.
question
Why did universities begin to emerge?
answer
The Church and royal rulers wanted better educated men in their authoritative positions
question
Why did rural peasans move to cities during the plague years?
answer
To look for work in industries.
question
Effects of the Black Death
answer
Schism in Church; economy suffers; most of Europe dead; Church reform; Hundred Years War
question
Effects of the Hundred Years War
answer
National Feeling in France grew and French Kings expended power; England's Parliament gained power and turned to trading
question
Emperor Justinian's Achievements
answer
Reconquered North Africa, Italy, and the Sourthen Iberian penninsula; built Hagia Sophia, Reformed law
question
What issue cause a bitter battle between Eastern and Western Christianity?
answer
The use of icons
question
What was the result of the Great Schism?
answer
The Byzantine Church became the Greek Orthodox Church and the Western Church became the Roman Catholic Church
