World History Chapter 30 – Flashcards
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Battle of Britain
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the 1940 Nazi air offensive including saturation bombing of London and other British cities, countered by innovative British air tactics and radar tracking of German assault planes
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Battle of the Bulge
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Hitler's last-ditch effort to repel the invading allied armies in the winter of 1944-1945
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Pearl Harbor
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American naval base in Hawaii; attack by Japanese on this facility in December 1941 crippled American fleet in the Pacific and caused US entry into World War II
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Battle of the Coral Sea
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World War II Pacific battle; US and Japanese forces fought to a standoff
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Midway
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An island in the Pacific around which a major battle took place between Japan and America. America won decisively, destroying several aircraft carriers, which crippled Japanese naval power
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United Nations
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International organization formed in the aftermath of World War II; included all of the victorious allies; its primary mission was to provide a forum for negotiating disputes between nations
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Tehran Conference
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Meeting among leaders of the US,Britain, and Soviet Union in 1943; agreed to the opening of a new front in France
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Yalta Conference
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Meeting among leaders of US, Britain, and Soviet Union in 1945; agreed to Soviet entry into the pacific theater in return for possessions in Manchuria, organization of the United Nations; disputed the division of political organization in the eastern European states to be reestablished after the war
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Potsdam Conference
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meeting among leaders of the US, Britain, and Soviet Union just before the end of World War II in 1945. Allies agreed upon Soviet domination in eastern Europe; Germany and Austria to be divided among victorious allies
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Total War
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warfare of the 20th century; vast resources and emotional commitments of belligerent nations were Marshalled to support military effort; resulted from impact of industrialization on the military effort reflecting technological innovation and organizational capacity
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Atlantic Charter of 1941
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World War II alliance agreement between the US and Britain; included a clause that recognized the right of all people to choose the form of government under which they live; indicated sympathy for decolonization
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Quit India Movement
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Mass civil disobedience campaign that began in the summer of 1942 to end British control of India
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Muslim League
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founded in 1906 to better support demands of Muslims for seperate electorates and legislative seats in Hindu-dominated India; represented division within Indian nationalist movement
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Muhammad Ali Jinna
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Muslim nationalist leader in India; originally a member of the National Congress party; became leader of Muslim League; traded Muslim support of British during World War II for promises of a seperate Muslim state after the war; first President of Pakistan
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Convention People's Party (CPP)
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Political party established by Kwame Nkrumah in opposition to British control of colonial legislature in the Gold Coast
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Jomo Kenyatta
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leader of the nonviolent nationalist party in Kenya; organized the Kenya African Union (KAU); failed to win concessions because of resistance of white settlers; came to power only after suppression of the Land Freedom Army, or Mau Mau
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Kenya African Union
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leading nationalist party in Kenya; adopted nonviolent approach to ending British control in the 1950's
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Land Freedom Army
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radical organization for independence in Kenya; frustrated by the failure of nonviolent means, initiated campaign of terror in 1952; referred to by the British as Mau Mau
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National Liberation Front (FLN)
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radical nationalist movement in Algeria; launched sustained guerilla war against France in the 1950's; success of attacks led to independence of Algeria in 1958
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Secret Army Organization (OAS)
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organization of French settlers in Algeria; led guerilla war following independence during the 1960's; assaults directed against Arabs, Berbers, and French who advocated independence
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Afrikaner National Party
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emerged as the majority party in the all-white South African legislature after 1948; advocated complete independence from Britain; favored a rigid system of racial segregation called apartheid
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Apartheid
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policy of strict racial segregation imposed in South Africa to permit the continued dominance of whites politically and economically
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