World History Chapter 20 Review – Flashcards
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Columbus
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sailed for Spain in 1492
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Cabral
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claimed Brazil for Portugal
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Amerigo Vespucci
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America named in his honor
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Magellan
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first voyage to successfully go around the world
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Circumnavigate
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go all the way around the world
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Conquistadores
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Spanish for "conquerors"
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Cortez
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Conquered the Aztecs
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Pizarro
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Conquered the Incans
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Mestizo
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mixed European and native heritage
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Encomienda
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forced labor system
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Verrazano
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discovered New York Harbor
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Cartier
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discovered the St. Lawrence River
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Du Champlain
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discovered what is now Quebec
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Lasalle
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Mississippi River valley
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Jamestown, VA
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first permanent English settlement
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1607
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year of Jamestown settlement
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Pilgrims
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landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts
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1620
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year of Pilgrim landing
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Puritans
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settled in Massachusetts Bay
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1630
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year of Puritan landing
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Religious freedom
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reason Pilgrims and Puritans came to America
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Disease
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invisible warrior that killed many natives
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New Amsterdam
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became New York when Dutch surrendered
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Cheap labor
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reason for start of slave trade
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Triangular trade
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trade cycle of raw materials > finished goods > Africans
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Middle passage
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treacherous journey from Africa to America
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Generations
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African societies lost their young members
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Columbian Exchange
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global transfer of goods, plants and animals
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Capitalism
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economic system based on private ownership
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Joint-stock company
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similar to a modern corporation
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Mercantilism
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economic theory that linked power and wealth
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Balance of trade
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favorable = sell more goods than they bought
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Towns & Cities
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grew due to economic revolution
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Montezuma
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Aztec leader killed by Spaniards
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Atahualpa
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Incan ruler captured and strangled
