World history chapter 13 vocabulary words – Flashcards
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Petrarch
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A florentine who lived in the1300s, was an early Renaissance humanist, poet, and scholar.
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Leonardo
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Artist who had an endless curiosity that fed a genius for invention.
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Michelangelo
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Artist who had many talents- he was a sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, and poet
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Raphael
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Was widely admired both for his artistic talent and "his sweet and gracious nature"
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Baldassare Castigione
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Describes the manner, skills, learning, and virtues that a member of the court should have
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Niccolò Machiavelli
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Wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain power.
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Humanism
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An intellectual movement at the heart of the Renaissance that focused on education and the classics.
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Humanities
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Study of subjects such as grammar, rhetoric, poetry, and history, that were taught in Ancient Greece and Rome
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Florence
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A city in the Tuscany region of northern Italy that was the center of the Italian Renaissance
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Patron
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A person who provides financial support for the arts
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Perspective
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Artistic technique used to give paintings and drawings a three-dimensional effect
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Flanders
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A region that was an important industrial and financial center of Northern Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance
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Engraving
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Art form in which an artist etches a design on a metal plate with acid and then uses the plate to make multiple prints
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Vernacular
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Everyday language of ordinary people
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Utopian
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Idealistic or visionary, usually used to describe a perfect society
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Johann Gutenberg
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Printed the first complete edition of the Christian Bible using a printing press with movable type
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Albercht Dürer
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One of the first northern artists to be profoundly affected by Renaissance, Italy.
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Erasmus
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One of the most important scholars of the age.
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Thomas More
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Pressed for social reform, and Erasmus's friend
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Shakespeare
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The towering figure of Renaissance literature, was the English poet and playwrighter.
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Indulgences
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In the Roman Catholic Church, pardon for sins committed during a person's lifetime
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Wittenberg
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A city in northern Germany, where Luther drew up,his 95 theses
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Diet
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Assembly or legislature
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Predestination
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Calvinist belief that God long ago determined who would gain salvation
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Geneva
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Swiss city-state which became a Calvinist theocracy in the 1500s; today a major city in Switzerland
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Theocracy
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Government run by religious leaders
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Martin Luther
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The man triggered the revolt was a German monk and professor of theology
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Charles V
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The new holy Roman empires summoned Luther to the diet at the city of Worms
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John Calvin
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The other reformer
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Sect
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A subgroup of a major religious group
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Canonize
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Recognize a person as a saint
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Compromise
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An agreement in which each side makes concessions; an acceptable middle group
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Council of Trent
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A group of Catholic leaders that met between 1545 and 1563 to respond to Protestant challenges and direct the future of the Catholic Church
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Ghetto
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Separate section of a city where members of a minority group are forced to live
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Henry VII
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Stood firmly against the Protestant revolt
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Mary Tudor
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Henry and Catherine of Argon's only surviving child
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Thomas Cranmer
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Henry appointed him archbishop of the new church
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Elizabeth
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Ann Boleyn and Henry's daughter
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Ignatius of Loyola
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A spanish knight raised in the crusading tradition
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Teresa of Avila
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Symbolized this renewal
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Heliocentric
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Based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe
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Scientific method
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Careful, set-by-step process used to confirm findings and to prove or disprove a hypothesis
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Hypothesis
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An unproved theory accepted for the purposes of explaining certain facts or to provide a basis for further investigation
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Gravity
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Force that pulls objects in Earth's sphere to the center of Earth
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Calculus
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A branch of mathematics in which calculations are made using special symbolic notions; developed by Isaac Newton
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Nicolaus Copernicus
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Polish scholar in 1543 who published "On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres."
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Tycho Brache
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Late 1500s, Danish astronomer, who,provide evidence that supported Copernicus's theory
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Johannes Kepler
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Brache's assistant, a German astronomer and mathematician, he used Brahe's data to calculate the orbits of the planets revolving around the sun
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Galileo
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Assembled an astronomical telescope
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Francis Bacon
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Englishman giant
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René Descartes
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Frenchman giant
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Robert Boyle
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Irish scientist
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Isaac Newton
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English mathematician and physicist, considered the greatest single influence on theoretical physics until Einstein
