World History 2 – SOL Study guide 1/2 – Flashcards
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Jesus
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the Christian new testament tells the story of the Christian son of god; Christian, savior, founder of christianity
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Muhamad
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Allah sent his final message to earth to him who spread the news;Merchant, profit, founder of Islam
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Siddhartha Guatama
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Found that the way to end suffering is the Middle way between extremes; prince, middle-way, founder of Buddhism
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Asoka
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Formally a harsh warlord, he converted to Buddhism and spread the faith; convert, missionary, pillars
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Michelangelo
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Like Da Vinci, he left an unparalleled mark on Western arts and thinking; Artist, Renaissance
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Michelangelo painted:
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the Sistine Chapel
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Leonardo Da Vinci
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Renaissance man who was considered to be one of the most talented people who ever lived; Artist, Renaissance
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Leonardo Da Vinci painted:
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Mona Lisa
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Shakespeare
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The Northern Renaissance figure, he wrote 38 plays and 154 sonnets; Playwright, England,
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Shakespeare wrote these famous plays:
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Romeo and Juliet, and Macbeth
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Erasmus
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Renaissance social critic who created humanism and sought to reform the Catholic church from within; humanist, reform, folly
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Martin Luther
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His 95 theses sparked the protestant reformation to reform and later break away from the Catholic church; protestant, reform, theses
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John Calvin
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Founded his own church around 1530 based on Predestination, the Elect, and religious control of the government.
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King Henry VIII (11)
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Split with the Catholic church due to his inability to get a divorce. Founded the Anglican church; divorce, England, Anglican
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Queen Elizabeth the 12th
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Tolerant of dissent, she reconciled the Anglican and Catholic churches of England; England, Virginia, Anglican
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Cardinal Richelieu
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Built alliances with protestants in the 3o years war to gain dominance to France over the Hapsburg; prime minister, French, 30- years war
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Jan Hus
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Paved the way for later reformers like Martin Luther by advocating for change in the Catholic church; early, reformed, burned
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John Wycliffe
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Another early reformer who translated the New Testament into English; Reformer, English, bible
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Johann Gutenburg
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His invention of mechanical moving type expanded literacy, science, reason, and the Enlightenment; German, Printing press
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Copernicus
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His work is considered the starting point for modern Astronomy; astronomy, heliocentric, Poland
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Johannes Kepler
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Remembered for his theory of elliptical orbits, which led Newton to his laws of motion; Math, astronomy, elliptical
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Galileo galilei
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Using the telescope for science, he is considered the "Father of modern science"; astronomer, telescope
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Isaac Newton
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Developed the laws of motion; gravity, motion, laws
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William Harvey
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Argued that the power of a centralized government should be divided into 3 branches; Doctor, blood, circulation
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Thomas Hobbes
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Argued that humans agree to have government for self-protection; Enlightenment, Leviathan, primitive
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John Locke
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The father of liberalism, argue that we have a government to protect our natural rights; life, liberty, property
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Montesquieu
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Argued that the power of a centralized government should be divided into 3 branches; legislative, executive, judicial
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Rousseau
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Solidified the ideas of #22-24 that the Government is a Social Contract derived from the people; enlightenment, social contract
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Voltaire
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Prolific writer who used his writings for social reforms, especially Freedom of Religion;enlightenment, french, religion
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Thomas Jefferson
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Renaissance man who wrote the Declaration of Independence and founded the University of Virginia; Virginia, declaration
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Vasco da Gama
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He was the first European to reach India by sailing around the southern tip of Africa; Portuguese, explorer, India
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Columbus
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His journeys to the New world established the first permanent European settlements there; Spain, explorer, Americas
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Hernando Cortez
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Spanish conquistador who conquered the Aztecs and executed their leader, Montezuma; conquistador, Spain, Aztecs
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Francisco Pizarro
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Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incas and killed their leader; Conquistador, Spain, Incas
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Ferdinand Magellan
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His voyage was the first to circumnavigate the globe; Spanish, circumnavigate, killed
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Louis XIV
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King who built Versailles and was the best example of an absolute leader; France, Versailles, Absolute
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Peter the Great
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Tsar who went to western Europe and returned to Russia with plans to Westernize; Russia, westernization, Czar
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Oliver Cromwell
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General of the Puritan army in the civil war, he established a "republic" that was so harsh, England went back to having a king; England, Puritan, roundhead
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Charles I
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Absolute ruler of England whose harsh rule led to a Civil war which he ultimately lost... along with his head; England, civil war
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Charles II
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Son of Charles 1 who returned after the failed rule of the Cromwells known as restoration; England, king, restoration
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William (and mary)
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Dutch husband of Mary (#41) who invaded England and became the first Constitutional Monarchs of England; England, king, glorious
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Mary (and william)
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Legitimate heir to the British throne who ruled England with her husband after the bloodless Glorious Revolution; England, queen, glorious
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Louis XVI
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Absolute king of France who was later executed during the French Revolution;French, king, Guillotined
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Napoleon
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Rose to be the Emperor of France but failed to unify all of Europe after his loss at Waterloo; Emperor, code, nationalism
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Father hidalgo
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The Catholic priest who started the Mexican Revolution with a Sermon; Mexico, priest, independence
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Touissant L' ouverture
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He lead a successful slave rebellion in the French sugar colony of Haiti; Haiti, slave, revolution
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Simon bolivar
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Creole general who led the independence movement in Latin America; Creola, Latin, independence
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President Monroe
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His doctrine (named after himself) banned Europe intervention in American affairs; USA, Doctrine, policy
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Bach
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Baroque Composer who wrote his music to praise God; music, baroque, composer
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Mozart
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Classical composer considered to be the greatest of all time; music, classical, composer
