World History 1 Chapter 4 – Flashcards
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Knossos
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The capital of the ancient Minoan civilization; located on the island of Crete off the coast of present-day Greece.
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Shrine
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areas dedicated to the honor of gods and goddesses
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Fresco
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watercolor paintings done on wet plaster
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Trojan War
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in Greek epic poems and myths, a ten-year war between Mycenae and the city of Troy in Asia Minor
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Straits
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narrow water passages that connect seas, in this case the straits connected the Mediterranean and Black seas which caused the disputes between the Myceneans and Trojans and according to historians, caused the actual Trojan war
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Homer
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ancient Greek epic poet who is believed to have written the Iliad and the Odyssey (circa 850 BC)
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Polis
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Greek city-state
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Acropolis
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highest and most fortified point within a Greek city-state
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Citizen
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male native born free residents over the age of 30
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Monarchy
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a government in which a hereditary ruler exercises central power
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Aristocracy
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rule by hereditary landholding elite
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Oligarchy
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form of government in which a few people have the power
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Phalanx
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a massive formation of heavily armed foot soldiers
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Sparta
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Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts
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Athens
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Powerful city in Ancient Greece that was a leader in arts, sciences, philosophy, democracy and architecture.
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Democracy
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Government by the people, exercised either directly or through elected representative
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Tyrant
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in ancient Greece, a ruler who had seized power without legal right to it
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Legislative
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lawmaking
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Alliance
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formal agreement between two or more nations or powers to cooperate and come to one another's defense
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Pericles
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Athenian leader noted for advancing democracy in Athens and for ordering the construction of the Parthenon.
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Direct Democracy
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citizens take part in day to day government affairs
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Stipend
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fixed salary
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Jury
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a body of citizens sworn to give a true verdict according to the evidence presented in a court of law
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Ostracism
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practice used in ancient Greece to banish or send away a public figure who threatened democracy
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Philosopher
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someone who uses reason to understand the world; in Greece, the earliest philosophers used reason to explain natural events
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Logic
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reasoned and reasonable judgment
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Rhetoric
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the art of using language effectively and persuasively
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Socrates
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philosopher who believed in an absolute right or wrong; asked students pointed questions to make them use their reason, later became Socratic method
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Plato
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one of Socrates' students; was considered by many to be the GREATEST philosopher of western civilization. Plato explained his ideas about government in a work entitled The Republic. In his ideal state, the people were divided into three different groups.
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Aristotle
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Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry.
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Parthenon
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temple in Athens built to honor the goddess Athena
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Tragedies
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the first Greek dramas; presented in a trilogy ... serious drama about common themes such as love, hate, war or betrayal.
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Comedies
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Humorous plays that mocked people or customs.
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Herodotus
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the ancient Greek known as the father of history
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Alexander the Great
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Conquered and ruled an empire stretching from Macedonia to the Indus Valley
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Philip 2
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came to thrown for Macedonia, built powerful army that crushed the Greeks, gained control of all of Greece
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Assassination
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murder of a public figure, usually for political reasons
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Assimilated
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absorb or adapt another culture
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Alexandria
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an ancient Hellenistic city in Egypt
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Pythagoras
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derived a formula to calculate the relationship between the sides of a right triangle
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Heliocentric
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sun centered
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Archimedes
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Greek mathematician and physicist noted for his work in hydrostatics and mechanics and geometry (287-212 BC)
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Hippocrates
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"Founder of Medicine" During the Golden Age in Greece he was a scientist that believed all diseases came from natural causes. He also had high ideals for physicians & an oath was made that is still used today.
