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Northern Peninsula

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A) The Scandinavian peninsula includes Norway and Sweden B) Ice Age glaciers remove topsoil; leave thin, rocky soil. C) Glaciers create fjords in Norway. D) Jutland peninsula forms large port of Denmark, small part of Germany. E) bounded by Norwegian, North, and Baltic seas.

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Fjords

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A)Steep u-shaped valleys connected to sea, filled with saltwater B)provide harbors for fishing boats.

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Southern Peninsula

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A) Iberian Peninsulas home to Spain, Portugal B)Italian Peninsula includes Italy; extends into Mediterranean sea C) Balkan Peninsula bordered by Adriatic, Mediterranean, Aegean seas.

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Islands

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A)larger; great Britain, Ireland, Iceland, Greenland in North America B) smaller; Corsica, Sardinia, Sicily, Certain Mediterranean. C) all islands depend on trade.

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Mountain Chains

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A) The Alps is Europe's most famous mountain chains B) Pyrenees block movement from France to Spain and Portugal C) Apneic Mountains divide Italian Peninsula between east & west D) Balkan Mts. block off peninsula, separate ethnic groups E) crosses France, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, Balkans F) cuts Italy off from the rest of Europe.

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Uplands

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A) hills and low mountains may have mesas, high plateaus (some are eroded remains of mountain ranges) B) Uplands include Scandinavian, Molène Mountains, Scottish highlands C) some uplands border mountainous areas. D) central upland of Germany at base of Alps.

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Meseta

answer

Plateau in Spain

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massif Central

answer

uplands in France

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Rivers

answer

A) Two major, castle tried rivers have automatically acted as highways. B) Rhine flows north 920 miles from interior North sea C) Danube flows east 1,771 miles, through 9 countries, to Black sea D) These and many other rivers connect Europeans (encourage trade & travel)

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Fertile Plains

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A) one of the most fertile agriculture regions in the world. B) Curves across France, Belgium, Netherlands, Denmark, Germany, Portland.

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Resources Shape Europe's Economy

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A) Coal and iron ore are needed to create steel for industrializing B) found in Belgium, Netherlands, France, Germany, Poland, and the United Kingdom. C) Major industrialized regions, Ruhr Valley, Germany, Parts of UK.

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Energy

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A) oil, natural gas found in North Sea in 1959 B) offshore rigs in 1920s C) petroleum supplied by Norway, Netherlands, Britain D) Energy companies began to tap gas field between the UK and Netherlands

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Agricultural Land

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A) 33% of Europe is suitable for agriculture B) world average is only 11% C) variety of crops; grains, grapes, olives, and even cork.

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Peat

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A) partially decayed plant matter from bags. B) Irish cut peat from large beds & burn as fuel.

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Resources Shape Life

answer

A) resources affect food, jobs, houses, even culture B) Distribution of resources create regional differences C) for fuel, Irish burn peat( polish minors have worked coal miners for generations)

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Westerly Winds Warm Europe

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A) Marine west coast climate: warm summers, cool winters B) Spain, France, Poland, British Isles, Coastal Scandinavia

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North Atlantic Drift

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A) warm-water tropical current flows by west to east B) prevailing westerlies carry currents warmth, moisture inland

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Forest to Farms

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A) Original mixed forest cleared for farming B) grow grains, sugar beef, livestock feed potatoes

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Harsher Conditions Inland

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A) Humid Continental climate: cold, snowy winters, warm or hot summers B) adequate rainfall for agriculture C) heavy deforestation; surviving trees are mostly coniferous D) Broad, fertile plains were once covered with grasses

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Sunny Mediterranean

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A) Mediterranean climate: hot, dry, summers, mild, wet winters B) Mountains block cold north winds C) Italy, Greece and southern Spain, France

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Mistral

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A) a cold, dry winter wind form the north B) The Mediterranean coast of France is effected by these

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Sirocco

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A) hot north Africa wind carries sea moisture or desert dust B) hot steady south wind that blows from north Africa across the Mediterranean.

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Climate attracts tourists

answer

A)vegetation is evergreen shrubs,short trees B) sunny beaches attract C) major crops: citrus fruits, olives groups

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Land of the midnight sun

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A) permafrost with no trees,only misses,lichens B) tundra climate in far northern Scandinavia, along attic circle C) south of tundra is subarctic climate: cool with cold, harsh winters D) little growth except stunted trees E) regions sunlights varies; long winter nights, summer days

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Dikes

answer

A) Earthen banks that hold back the sea B) built dikes across entry in early 1900s

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Polders

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A) Land reclaimed by dining and draining B) windmills once supplied power used to pump water from my polder land C) today electric pumps are used

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Seaworks

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A)Structures like dimes that control sea's destructive force B) include dikes and terpenes

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Terpen

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A) High earthen platforms that provide safe ground during floods and high tides

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Zuider zee

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A) arm of North Sea the Dutch turned into a fresh water lake B) saltwater eventually replaced by fresh water

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IJsselmeer

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A) Lake of fresh water B) once was Zuider zee

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An island city grows

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A) city of Venice is made up of 120 islands B) people, goods are moved by boat over 150 canals C) city forms when people are escaping invader D) two of the largest are San Marco and Rialto

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Building on the islands

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A) builders sunk wooden pilings into swampy land to support buildings B) rising sea levels and removal of ground-water also cause sinking. C) oak forest in northern Italy and Slovenia are leveled for pilings D) weight of buildings is compressing ground, so Venice is slowly sinking

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Problems today

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A) erosion lets saltwater in, creates flood such as in 1966 B) severe water pollution: industrial waste, sewage, saltwater eat away foundation C) agriculture run off promotes "killer algae" growth D) algae grows rapidly, die, decay; this uses up oxygen, so fish die. E) dead fish attract insects and create stench in warm weather

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A centuries old problem: deforestation

answer

A) industry needed wood charcoal for blast furnaces B) huge areas of Europe fall prey to deforestation C) wood used for fuel, building material for ships, houses D) eventually coal replaces wood, but damage to forest is done

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Acid rain

answer

A) in 1900s Germans notice Black Forest trees are discolored, dying because of acid rain B) factories produce sulfur, dioxide, nitrogen oxide emissions C) combine with water vapor,creates acid rain or snow D) Scandinavia suffers from heavily due to prevailing winds E) winds carry emissions to other areas, affecting 1/4 of forest

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Great civilizations of ancient Europe

answer

A) ancient Rome B) Ancient Greece

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Geographic advantages of Mediterranean Europe

answer

A) survival is easier in mild climate; institutions develop over time B) Mediterranean allows trade; ideas spread, knowledge grows

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Countries of Mediterranean Europe

answer

Portugal Spain San Marino Vatican City Italy Greece Malta Monaco

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Greece

answer

A) people enter Balkan Peninsula around 2000 BC Greece conquered by Macedonians Alexander in 338 BC B) birthplace of democracy- Athens

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Athens

answer

Athenian democracy- a government in which the people rule; started democracy

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City-state

answer

A political unit made up of a city, and it's surrounding lands; villages were isolated from each other and developed

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Roman Empire

answer

A) Rome rules Italian peninsula by 275 BC; Iberia and Balkans later B) Christianity spreads from Palestine; is official religion byA.D. 400 C) in AD. 395 empire splits into eastern and western D) western Roman Empire weakens, falls E) eastern Roman Empire lost another 1000 years

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Republic

answer

Elected representatives rule in citizens name; came from rome

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Mediterranean peninsulas

answer

Italian peninsula Balkan peninsula Iberian peninsula

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Italian city-states

answer

A)Without strong central government, Italy divides into small states. B) in 1347, Asian bubonic plague reaches Italy, kills millions C) remained so for many centuries

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Crusades

answer

A) Christians start these in 1096 to regain Palestine from Muslims B) series of wars to take the holy land from the Muslims

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Renaissance

answer

Renewed interest in learning, arts from 1300s to 1500s (rebirth)

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Spain

answer

A) North African Muslims Iberian peninsula in 700s B) retaken by catholic rulers, Ferdinand and Isabella, by 1492 C) Spain, Portugal launch age of exploration, colonize Americas

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Rome's cultural legacy

answer

A) Greek the language of Byzantine empire B) Rome's Latin spawns Romance languages Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, French and Romania

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Art and architecture

answer

A) ruins (like Parthenon) remain in Greece,Italy B) artistic legacy: classical statues, Renaissance art, modern art.

question

Aqueducts

answer

Carry water ling distances; Spain has many roman structures

question

Agriculture to industry

answer

A) Mediterranean nations less industrialized B) economy once based in fish, crops (olives, grapes, citrus, wheat) C) changed in 20th century; manufacturing service industries growing D) Greece, Portugal, Spain, join European Union 1980s

question

Economic problems

answer

A) Italy's northern region is more developed than southern half B) Mediterranean region poor in energy resources C) relies on oil imports

question

Basques

answer

Spain gives him sled rule 1970; some want full independence user violence to fight for.

question

City growth

answer

A) move to cities for jobs created housing, pollution, traffic problems B) people hope to preserve historic cities C) classical ruins stand near modern buildings

question

Bubonic plague

answer

A) trading ships sailed into port of Messina, Sicily B) spread for the next 4 years C) 25 mil. Europeans died, 1/4 to 1/3 of the population D) also called the Black Death E) worst disease Europe ever suffered

question

Benelux countries

answer

Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands

question

French culture dominant

answer

France, Germany, largest region, most productive countries; strong in Benelux countries

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German culture dominant

answer

A)Strongly influenced the cultures of many nearby smaller nations B) strong in Benelux countries C) are regions large, most productive countries

question

Rome to charlemagne

answer

A) Rome conquered Celtic tribes, so French is Romance language B) didn't conquer Germanic tribes, so Germanic languages still exist C) Germanic king Charlemagne conquers in late 700s D) After his death, his empire falls into small competing kingdoms

question

Reformation

answer

A) In 1517, martin Luther's critical 95 statements launch B) many Christians break from church, formed protestant churches C) Today France is mostly catholic D) more German protestants live in north, catholic south

question

Nationalism

answer

A) belief that people should be loyal to their nation B) nation is people who share land, culture, history C) French revolution deposes king, forms republic

question

Feudalism

answer

Middle age system where lords own most of the land; lord gives land to nobles; strong king gain power over lords

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World War I

answer

A) nationalist rivalry, competition for colonies cause WWI B) Allied powers; central powers C) Allied powers win WWI; harsh terms forced Germany to lead WWI

question

World War II

answer

A) In WWII, Nazi Germany's Adolf Hitler Trieste conquers Europe B) After WWII, Germany split into non-communist, communist

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Holocaust

answer

Mass murder that the Nazi of European Jews

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Berlin Wall

answer

A) German capital of Berlin is split in half B) 1989 anti-communist reforms lead East Germany to open berlin wall

question

Tourism and Luxury

answer

A) tourism is major part of French, Swiss, Australian ecomonies B) German Cars; Swiss waters C) French clothes, foods Dutch flowers

question

City life

answer

A) Strong economics allow high standard of living B) most western Europe live in cities C) good public transportation, culture activities, low crime rate D) most homes are small, so socializing is done in public cafes, park

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Recent Conflicts

answer

A) 1980s "great worker" from Yugoslavia B) turkey go west Germany C) declining economy leads to racism D) violence against immigrants

question

Nordic Countries

answer

Denmark Finland Iceland Norway Sweden

question

Early Conquers

answer

A) Bomana conquer Britain's Celts by A.D. B) later, Germanic invaders push celts north, west C) Viking invade Britain's in 1066 D) other settlements in Normandy, France, and Russia

question

William the conquer

answer

A) Normandy's _____ invades Britain in 1066 B) French-speaking normans after English language

question

Dreams of Empire

answer

A) No Nordic Country becomes major empire B) England controls British Isles becomes UK of great Britain and Ireland in 1801 C) British empire grows due to islands safety; never invaded after 1066. D) By 1800s, Britain has colonies in AM, Asia, Africa, Oceania

question

representative Government

answer

A) Britain has monarchy and parliament, but rulers slowly lose power B) Nordic Countries develop representative governments C) 1215 Magna Carta: trail by jury, no taxation without representation D) Political ideas spread to U.S., Canada, Colonies

question

Parliament

answer

A) representative lawmaking body; members elected, appointed B) English rulers lost power to English Parliament

question

Althing

answer

A) Iceland established B) call the world's oldest parliment

question

Magna Carta

answer

Granted English nobles certain lights; it inspired other people to demand their rights

question

English Bill of Rights

answer

established free elections; gave the English parliament power over the monarchy

question

Industrial Revolution

answer

A) as Britain industrialize, colonies supply material , buy goods B) 1800s industrial revolution spread to western Europe C) deposits of iron ore and coal help to industrialize

question

Europe Since 1900

answer

after WWII, British colonies gain independence

question

Irish question

answer

A) Protestant English rulers seize catholic Irish land B) Irish seek independence, Britain splits country in 1921

question

Industry and Resources

answer

A) Sweden and UK have strong vehicles, aerospace industries B) Produce paper and food products, pharmaceuticals C) Sweden has timber, Iceland fishing, Norway-- north sea oil

question

High Tech

answer

A) computer production is major port Irelands economy B) Scotland has Silicon Glen C) produces at least 1/3 of Europe's personals, notebook computer

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European Union or Independence

answer

A) mixed feeling about European Union B) euro- common currency C) most nations joined EU D) Norway chose not to

question

Silicon Glen

answer

area with many high tech companies

question

Diversity

answer

A) Nordic Nation usually have only one ethnic group B) UK (London) more diverse

question

Languages and Religions

answer

A) Germanic languages B) except samin north; Celtic in parts of Britain) C) most of regions is protestant D) Ireland is only mainly catholic country

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Modern Culture and Literature

answer

A) great Britain, Ireland, Nordic countries have strong literacy traditions B) Norwegian playwright Henrik Losen C) Swedish filmmaker Ingmar Bergman D) England William words worth popularized speech of poetry E) Charlotte Brante, influenced novels F) James Joyce shaped modern Fictions

question

Social Welfare

answer

A) Nordic Countries, Britain have national health insurance programs B) Britain also has national health insurance C)very high taxes

question

Customs

answer

A) British afternoon tea B) Swedish smorgasbord C) Finnish saunas

question

Cultures Meet

answer

A) location between Asia and Europe shape Eastern Europe History B) Migration creates diversity, empires a delay independence nation states

question

War after War

answer

A) Balkan nation break from ottoman Empire in 1908 B) Greece, Bulgaria, Serbia, defeat ottomans in 1912

question

Balkanization

answer

A region breaks up into small, hostile units; there actions leas to this

question

Satellite Nations

answer

they become communist Ussr's satellite nations; nations dominated by another country

question

Industry

answer

A) under communism, government owns and controls factories B) after 1989, region tries market economy C) cost and cutting and improved production help some economies grow D) inefficient system bring shortages, trade deficiency, pollution

question

Market economy

answer

making goods consumers want; factories are privately owned, but inflation, unemployment rise

question

Cultural diversity

answer

A) numerous languages make regional unification difficult B) religious include Catholicism (roman); eastern orthodox C) protestant minority D) holocaust kill 6 million Jews, half from Poland

question

Folk art

answer

A) produced by rural people with traditional lifestyles B) folk music influences Frederic Chapin,

question

Conflict

answer

A) Fierce loyalty to ethnic groups leads to violence B) many serbs hate Croat for WWII collaboration with natives C) discrimination against minority groups.

question

Anti-Semitism

answer

A) discrimination of the Jewish people B) discrimination against nomadic people

question

Democracy

answer

A) eastern Europeans must overcome old hatreds B) Unlike past dictators, officials must obey the rule of the law C) 2000, Yugoslavia force out dictator who lost the election

question

Slobodan Milosevic

answer

A) Serbian who sought to control Yugoslavia in 1990s. B) goes to war against four former Yugoslavian republics in '91-'92 C) is accused of war crime in 1999. D) voted out of office in 200.

question

south slavs

answer

A) Balkan conflicts stem from different groups same land B) in 500s, Slavs migrate to region from Poland C) Croats, slaveness, Serbs-- form own kingdom

question

Foreign Rulers

answer

A) Muslim ottoman empire tries to conquer Balkan Peninsula in 1300s B) Austria rules Slovenia, Hungary rules Croatia C) Under ottomans, Serbs remain Christian, Bosnians convert to Islam

question

Yugoslavia formed

answer

A) Serbs breaks free of ottoman B) kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes if formed in 1918

question

Communist Rule

answer

A) Germany and Italy invade Balkan during WWII B) After war, Partisan leader Josip Broz Tito rules C) 1946 Yugoslavia construction creates six republic d) Tito encourages all groups to see themselves as Yugoslavs

question

Fear of Serbia

answer

A) Tito dies in 1980 and Yugoslavia has no singer, central ruler B) Milsevic proposes creation of greater Serbia C) Serbia blocks Croatian from becoming Yugoslav president in 1991

question

ethnic cleansing

answer

violent elimination of an ethnic group; over 200,000 people die, over 2 million flee area

question

war in Kosovo

answer

A) serbs led by Milosevic, seek revenge for battle of Kosovo. B) Kosovo seeks independence C) in 1999, NATO bombs Serbia to stop Serbian violence

question

KLA

answer

Kosovo liberation army; began to carry attacks against Serbian officials

question

Vojslav kostunica

answer

elect reform leader as president; Kosovo and Montengro seek independence

question

Land mines

answer

A) Bosnia have a many as 1 million active mines B)some scientist use bees to detect buried mines

question

Cyanide

answer

In 2000, a Romanian gold mine leaks cyanide into streams; deadly poison flowed into Tisza River

question

Causes of weather pollution

answer

1. mines and factories 2. countries want to develop industry 3. rain washes chemical fertilizers off fields and into water 4. oil spills

question

cleaning up the water

answer

A) requires cooperation between nations B) International commission for protection of the Rhine C) EU passes environmental laws that members must obey

question

European environmental agency

answer

provides information about the environment; set up by EU

question

Particulates

answer

Very small particles of liquid or solid matter; make up air pollution

question

Causes of air pollution

answer

1. chemical use 2. burning fossil fuels 3. fires 4. industrial factories

question

smog

answer

brown haze from gas interacting with sunlight ; includes ozone

question

ozone

answer

heath threatening form of oxygen; chemical smog

question

European unity

answer

A) after WWII, European seek to build economies, prevent conflict B) 1987 France and Germany move toward unification C) sign treaty giving control of coal and steel to multinational group D) European coal and steel community ( ECS ) E) Nation depend on each other monitor manufacturing F) EEC or common market in 1957

question

euro

answer

common currency used for all transactions

question

Lisbon Treaty

answer

contained mainly changes for constitutions; EU leader wrote to replace failed constitution

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