question

What was the most significant architectural contribution of the Byzantine Empire?

answer

Hagia Sophia

question

In general, which of the following did not occur in western Europe after the decline of Roman authority?

answer

The city of Rome lost its prominence as the seat of the Roman church.

question

As time went on, armored knighthood

answer

was limited to those with revenue from land.

question

Where was the greatest concentration of urbanization after the 10th century in Europe?

answer

Italy and the Low Countries

question

Which of the following did NOT occur as a result of the Crusades?

answer

The Crusades demonstrated a new Western superiority in the wider world.

question

Which of the following statements concerning the intellectual activity of the medieval West prior to the 8th century is most accurate?

answer

With the few literate people concentrated in monasteries, little was achieved other than copying older manuscripts.

question

The post classical period in Western history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the 15th century is referred to as the

answer

Middle Ages.

question

The leading figure in the synthesis of classical rational philosophy with Christian theology was a teacher at the University of Paris in the 13th century,

answer

Thomas Aquinas.

question

The Treaty of Verdun resulted in

answer

the division of the Holy Roman Empire among Charlemagne's grandsons.

question

Which of the following is not true about the Crusades?

answer

The Crusaders failed to capture Jerusalem.

question

The sixth-century "plague of Justinian" was

answer

an outbreak of bubonic plague during Justinian's rule.

question

In Kievan Russia, power derived from

answer

trade

question

The Varangians who ruled early Russia were

answer

Swedish Vikings

question

A fief was

answer

a grant of land exchanged for military service.

question

Justice at the local level was usually provided by whom?

answer

the lord of the manor.

question

After the tenth century the Roman Catholic Church faced all of the following challenges except

answer

getting the office of pope more acknowledged internationally.

question

The Bayeaux Tapestry was created by:

answer

women

question

Among the Byzantines' cultural achievements is (are)

answer

the spread of Orthodox Christianity among the Slavs.

question

The grandsons of Charlemagne—Louis the German, Charles the Bald, and Lothar—all fought bitterly with each other for control of his empire.

answer

True

question

Byzantine noblewomen were secluded in the family house

answer

to protect the family honor.

question

In what area of France did Charles "The Hammer" Martel stop the expansion of the Muslims from Spain?

answer

Tours

question

The term investiture controversy refers to the

answer

struggle for control of ecclesiastical appointments.

question

As a result of the Crusades, Europeans were exposed to all of the following except

answer

access to a variety of classical Latin works, particularly those of Aristotle, heretofore unknown in western Europe.

question

The schism of 1054 between the Eastern and Western churches was caused primarily by disagreements over

answer

the jurisdiction of the western papacy.

question

A problem within the church was simony, or

answer

buying and selling of religious offices.

question

The movement for reformed monasticism under the austere Rule of Benedict included all of the following changes except

answer

rule from the monastery at Cluny.

question

Why is the traditional description of Europe from 300 to 1200 as "feudal" an oversimplification?

answer

The relations between landowners and serfs varied from region to region.

question

One of the most significant sources of conflict for western Europe between 1000 and 1400 was

answer

a struggle for power between the church and state.

question

The end of Anglo-Saxon domination in England came in the late 11th century with:

answer

invasion of the Norman king William.

question

A major center of pilgrimage in England was:

answer

Canterbury

question

A significant military threat to western Europe in the late 8th century came from:

answer

Viking raiders along the coastal areas.

question

In western Europe, the primary centers for agricultural production were

answer

self-sufficient farming estates known as manors.

question

One early Russian chronicle reports that Vladimir I chose Orthodox Christianity over Islam because

answer

he knew that Islam forbade alcohol consumption.

question

After the seventh century, Byzantine women

answer

were increasingly confined to home life.

question

During the revival of Western Europe (1000-1200), the population nearly doubled, in part, because of

answer

technological innovations such as a new type of plow and efficient draft harnesses for pulling wagons.

question

Schisms, the foremost threat to the Christian church in the Middle Ages, were

answer

formal divisions over differences in doctrine.

question

The reform monastic movement started in France was centered at

answer

Cluny

question

The emperor responsible for the reorganization of the Roman government after 31 B.C.E. was

answer

Octavian

question

What city became the new imperial capital of the Roman Empire in 324 C.E.?

answer

Constantinople

question

Many of the major agricultural exchanges that helped the Islamic world came from:

answer

India

question

The most visible symptom of Rome's "third-century crisis" was the

answer

frequent change of rulers.

question

Which area did not endure Viking raids?

answer

Constantinople

question

One of the most important effects of monasticism was

answer

the preservation of literacy and learning, particularly with regard to ancient Latin texts.

question

In the seventh century, the Byzantines experienced an economic transformation similar to, though less pronounced than, that of western Europe. This was caused by all of the following except

answer

the rapid growth of the merchant class.

question

Which of the following is not responsible for the success of many cities in Italy and Flanders?

answer

They controlled extensive agricultural lands.

question

The Council of Clermont in 1095 brought

answer

Pope Urban II's call for the First Crusade.

question

After the fall of Rome in the fifth century, the western Roman Empire

answer

fragmented into a handful of Germanic kingdoms.

question

Technology to improve military skills in the Middle Ages included all of the following except

answer

an early form of dynamite.

question

Books within the Catholic church to guide priests about appropriate penance for sin were called:

answer

penitentials

question

Agricultural workers who belonged to the manor and were obligated to the lord were

answer

serfs

question

What eastern emperor was responsible for the attempted restoration of a united Roman Empire after 533?

answer

Justinian

question

Which of the following was NOT one of Justinian's positive contributions to the Byzantine Empire?

answer

The reconquest of Gaul

question

The first king of Kievan Russia was

answer

Rurik

question

The capital of the Byzantine Empire and its commercial center was located at

answer

Constantinople

question

Which of the following statements concerning the Tatar invasion of Russia is most accurate?

answer

Tatar supervision did not destroy Russian Christianity or a native Russian aristocracy.

question

Which of the following does NOT represent a similarity between the spread of civilization in eastern and western Europe?

answer

Northern kingdoms dominated both areas.

question

After the 7th century, what group posed the greatest threat to the eastern frontiers of the Byzantine Empire?

answer

The Arab Muslims

question

The Byzantine Empire lasted from approximately

answer

500 to 1450.

question

What group of peoples was responsible for the conquest of Kievan Russia after 1236?

answer

Mongols (Tatars)

question

Which of the following was NOT a strength of Byzantine cultural life?

answer

Innovative literary forms

question

The Crusades of the eleventh and twelfth centuries

answer

were intended to capture Jerusalem and place it under Christian authority.

question

Who did Pope Leo III crown emperor in 800 at a Christmas mass in Rome?

answer

Charlemagne

question

Feudalism was a political and economic system that in general

answer

weakened the power of the kings.

question

The Song of Roland

answer

commemorates the failure of Charlemagne's army to conquer the Basques of Spain.

question

Byzantine noblewomen were secluded in the family house

answer

to protect the family honor.

question

Relationships between members of the military elite based on a reciprocal exchange of land for military service and loyalty were called

answer

feudalism

question

In what way was the educational system of the medieval West different from that of China?

answer

The universities were not tied into a single bureaucratic system.

question

The Fourth Crusade was manipulated by merchants in Venice, who turned it into an attack on

answer

Constantinople

question

The leading figure in the synthesis of classical rational philosophy with Christian theology was a teacher at the University of Paris in the 13th century,

answer

Thomas Aquinas.

question

Agricultural laborers under the jurisdiction of aristocratic landowners were called

answer

serfs

question

Pope Gregory VII decreed the practice of investiture invalid. What was investiture?

answer

The practice of state appointment of bishops

question

In what year did Pope Urban II call for the First Crusade?

answer

1095

question

The members of the military elite who received land in return for military service in the bands of the greater lords were called

answer

vassals

question

What Frankish king was responsible for the conversion of his people to Christianity in order to gain a vague domination over the Franks?

answer

Clovis

question

The post classical period in Western history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the 15th century is referred to as the

answer

Middle Ages.

question

Which of the following does NOT represent a similarity between the spread of civilization in eastern and western Europe?

answer

Northern kingdoms dominated both areas.

question

What group of peoples was responsible for the conquest of Kievan Russia after 1236?

answer

Mongols (Tatars)

question

The capital of the Byzantine Empire and its commercial center was located at

answer

Constantinople

question

After the reign of Justinian, what was the official language of the Byzantine empire?

answer

Greek

question

The first king of Kievan Russia was

answer

Rurik

question

Which of the following statements concerning urbanization within the Byzantine Empire is most correct?

answer

Constantinople controlled the economy and grew to enormous size, but other cities were relatively small.

question

Which of the following issues was a cause for the split between the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches after 1054?

answer

The Roman Catholic practice of requiring celibacy for its priests

question

What was the extent of western European influence in Kievan Russia?

answer

Russia's religious culture and social and economic patterns developed separately from western Europe's.

question

The Slavic alphabet created by Orthodox missionaries to the Slavs is called

answer

Cyrillic

question

Which of the following is most correctly seen as a direct continuation of the Roman Empire?

answer

Byzantine Empire

question

The Song of Roland

answer

commemorates the failure of Charlemagne's army to conquer the Basques of Spain.

question

Byzantine noblewomen were secluded in the family house

answer

to protect the family honor.

question

The Crusades of the eleventh and twelfth centuries

answer

were intended to capture Jerusalem and place it under Christian authority.

question

The grandsons of Charlemagne—Louis the German, Charles the Bald, and Lothar—all fought bitterly with each other for control of his empire.

answer

True

question

In 980, the first grand prince of Kievan Russia, Vladimir I, converted to what religion?

answer

Orthodox Christianity

question

The post classical period in Western history between the fall of the Roman Empire and the 15th century is referred to as the

answer

Middle Ages.

question

In what year was Charlemagne able to establish a substantial, if temporary, empire in France and Germany?

answer

800

question

In what year did Pope Urban II call for the First Crusade?

answer

1095

question

Which of the following statements concerning the Holy Roman Emperors after the 10th century is most accurate?

answer

The rule of the Holy Roman emperors became increasingly hollow, because they did not build a solid monarchy from regional foundations.

question

The members of the military elite who received land in return for military service in the bands of the greater lords were called

answer

vassals

question

Agricultural laborers under the jurisdiction of aristocratic landowners were called

answer

serfs.

question

During the middle ages, what belief did the conversion of Germanic kings create among Western religious leaders, particularly the pope?

answer

That the Church was superior to the secular rulers

question

The leading figure in the synthesis of classical rational philosophy with Christian theology was a teacher at the University of Paris in the 13th century,

answer

Thomas Aquinas.

question

During the 11th century, what new architectural style featuring pointed arches and flying buttresses became dominant in western Europe?

answer

Gothic

question

In what way was the educational system of the medieval West different from that of China?

answer

The universities were not tied into a single bureaucratic system.

question

charles martel

answer

stopped the arabs and berbers from invading the english channel in 732; charlemagne's grandfather

question

charlesmagne

answer

king of the franks (r. 768-814) emperor (r. 800-814). through a series of military conquests he established the carolingian empire, which encompassed all of gaul and parts of germany and italy. though iliterate himself, he sponsored a brief intellectual revival

question

treaty of verdun

answer

843; sparked by the death of charlemagnes son, louis the pious; germanic tradition of splitting property among sons led to this; split the empire into 3 parts - french speaking in the west and middle, and german in the east

question

medieval

answer

literally "middle age", a term that historians of europe use for the period ca. 500 to ca. 1500, signifying its intermediate point between greco-roman antiquity and the renaissance

question

byzantine empire

answer

historians name for the eastern portion of roman empire from the fourth century onward, taken from "byzantium" an early name for constantinople, the byzantine capital city. the empire fell to the ottomans in 1453

question

kievian russia

answer

state established at kiev in ukraine in 880 by scandinavian adventurers asserting authority over a mostly slavic farming population

question

varangians

answer

swedes who pursued raiding and trading interests and eventually the building of kingdoms along the rivers of eastern europe and russia

question

vladimir I

answer

(956-1015). grand prince of kiev 980-1015; known as vladimir the great; canonized as st. vladimir; married his sister; converted to christianity

question

schism

answer

a formal split withina religious community

question

manor

answer

in medieval europe, a large self-sufficient landholding consisting of the lord's residence, outbuildings, peasant village, and surrounding land

question

serf

answer

in medieval europe, an agriculturally based laborer legally bnound to a lord's property and obliged to perform set services for the lord

question

fief

answer

in medieval europe, land granted in return for a sworn oath to provide specified military service

question

vassal

answer

in medieval europe, a sworn supporter of a king or lord committed to rendering specified military service to that king or lord

question

knight

answer

11th century - central figure in medieval warfare; open faced helmer, long linen shirt (huuberk); received financial support from land revenues

question

papacy

answer

the central administration of the roman catholic church of which the pope is the head

question

bayeaux tapestry

answer

a piece of embroidery 230 feet long and 20 inches wide depicting williamthe conqueror's invasion of england in 1066, designed and executed by women

question

holy roman empire

answer

loose federation of mostly german states and principalities, headed by an emperor elected byt he princes. it lasted form 962 to 1806

question

investiture controversy

answer

dispute between the popes and the holy roman emperors over who held ultimate authority over bishops in imperial lands

question

monasticism

answer

living in a religious community apart from secular society and adhering to a rule stipulating chastity, obedience, and poverty; it was a prominent element of medieval christianity and buddhism; their buildings were the primary centers of learning and literacy in medieval europe

question

simony

answer

selling ecclesiastical appointments often to people who were not members of the clergy

question

rule of benedict

answer

benedict of nursia (ca. 480-547). wrote to govern monks' behavior envisions a balanced life of devotion and work, along with obligations of celibacy, poverty, and obedience to the abbot; starting point for most forms of western european monastic life and remains today

question

council of clermont 1095

answer

mixed synod of ecclesiastics and laymen of the catholic church whichwas held november 18 to november 28, 1095 in clermont, france

question

pope urban II

answer

ca. 1035- 29 july 1099; born otto de lagery pope from march 12, 1088 til death; head of roman catholic church; gave speech that issued the first crusade

question

vikings

answer

sea raiders from scandinavia; settled on greenland, iceland, and vinland by 1000; attacked western europe, started in 793; organized the most important expeditions in terms of numbers and men and horses and long lasting impact

question

william the conqueror

answer

duke of normandy, invaded england in 1066 and brought anglo-saxon domination of the island to an end

question

horse collar

answer

harnessing method that increased the efficiency of horses by shifting the point of traction from the animal's neck to the shoulders; its adoption favors the spread of horse drawn plows and vehicles

question

crusades

answer

(1095-1204) armed pilgrimages tothe holy land by christians determined to recover jerusalem from muslim rule. the crusades brought an end to western europe's centuries of intellectual and cultural isolation

question

pilgrimage

answer

journey ot a sacred shrine by christians seeking to show their piety, fulfill vows, or gain absolution for sins. other religions also have pilgraimage traditions such as the muslim pilgrimage to mecca and the pilgraimages mad eby early chinese buddhists to india in search of buddhist writings

question

orthodox christianity

answer

eastern orthodoxy: ancient communion of eastern christian churches (europe and asia) developed in the byzantine empire after it split from the roman empire

question

cyrillic alphabet

answer

brothers cyril and methodius missioned to the slavs of moravia; they preached in the local language and their followers came up with the cyrillic alphabet; now used by slavic christians, russiand, and other slavs of orthodox christian faith

question

justinian

answer

byzantine emperor 527-565; latin name flavius patrus sabbatius justinianus; regained north africa form the vandals, italy from the ostogoths, and spain from the visigoths; codified roman law 529

question

hagia sophia

answer

greatest byzantine architectural monument; means "sacred wisdom"; dates to reign of justinian, made by contsantinople

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