WH Unit 6 – Flashcard
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Artist of the sistine chapel and statue of david
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Michelangelo
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First Renaissance man, talented in many areas, artwork, inventions, knowledge of science
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Leonardo De Vinci
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Man given credit for the printing press
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Johann Gutenberg
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Pursuit of individualism and secular vision
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Humanism
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Reasons the Renaissance began in Italy
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1. Center of Mediterranean trade routes 2. Layered with classical cultures 3. Built on the foundations of the Holy Roman Empire 4. Less affected by the Bubonic plague because of their sewage systems
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First Protestant religion
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Lutheranism
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Common tongue
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Vernacular
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The reason Henry VIII broke from the Catholic church
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He wanted a divorce which the Pope would not grant
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What were the 95 Theses, and what was one effect of them?
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List of problems in the Catholic church, especially the sale of indulgences, that were unfair and not right. Began the Protestant Reformation, and Lutheranism became a religion
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Three long term effects of the Protestant Reformation
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1. Protestant churches began to spread 2. Decreased power of the Catholic Church 3. Religion no longer united Europe 4. Led to religious wars) 5. Individual monarchs gained power 6. Inquisition (investigation/questioning) of heretics 7. Led to absolutism 8. Persecutions
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Name of the church founded by King Henry
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Anglican
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Purpose of the Inquisition
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Used by the Catholic Church to end heresy by force Trials used to investigate if a person was guilty of heresy Stop the spread of religions besides Catholicism
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The group founded by Ignatius Loyola, and defended/spread the Catholic faith through education
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The Jesuits
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Catholic Church's response to the Protestant Reformation
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1. Catholic Counter Reformation 2. Conversion of Protestants to Catholicism 3. Reform of abuses within the Catholic Church 4. Stopped the spread of Protestantism
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Name two things the council of Trent wanted to do
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1. Redefine the Catholic Church's beliefs 2. Stop the spread of the Protestant religion 3. End indulgences 4. Create a list of banned books
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What is the Divine Right
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God chooses a monarch/ruler to lead in His name
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What were European Rulers attempting to do during the Age of Absolutism
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To extend total control over the the people under their rule
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How did the Reformation help cause Absolutism in Europe?
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Monarchs used the Catholic Church as the scapegoat Monarchs used their power to protest against the Catholic Church, its pope, & other Catholic leader
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What three responsibilities did absolute monarchs have?
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Create peace, stability, and economic growth
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Name two strengths and two weaknesses of absolutism.
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1. Strengths a. Stability b. Wealth c. Efficiency 2. Weaknesses a. Too much stability b. Undemocratic c. Limit individual rights
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The innovation that had the greatest impact on the Protestant Reformation
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The Printing Press
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The Renaissance was a time that humanists encouraged...
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Individualism Reasoning Self-thinking Expansion of Knowledge
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What is the purpose of SOAPSTone?
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To analyze, and help us understand primary sources
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What is the difference between absolute monarchy and constitutional monarchy
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Absolute monarchy - the king/queen has total control Constitutional monarchy - the monarchy & parliament share the power (rule together)
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How did the crusades lead to the Renaissance?
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The Crusades show how the different parts of the world are living, and trade routes expand.
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How was the Renaissance different from the Dark Ages?
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In the dark ages, people believed that nothing really mattered and that's just how the world was. In the Renaissance, people began to do stuff for themselves and be artistic.
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How did Renaissance ideas, beliefs, and rediscoveries spread to the rest of Europe?
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Trade from Italy
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What was the Protestant Reformation?
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A religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches?
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What is the Catholic Counter-Reformation?
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Series of reforms in the mid-1500s and to the early 1600s that tried to stop the spread of Protestantism
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What was the Council of Trent?
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In 1545, Church members decided to redefine some religious doctrines of the Catholic Church
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What was the most important political impact of the Protestant and Catholic Reformations?
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States and businesses want church to become less involved with political affairs
