Home Page Arts And Humanities Art History Prehistoric Art Western Civilization to 1648 (HIST-1500) Ch. 2 - Flashcards

Western Civilization to 1648 (HIST-1500) Ch. 2 – Flashcards

Daniel Jimmerson

8 July 2022

question

During the first millennium B.C.E.:

answer

Iron slowly replaced bronze as the primary component of tools and weapons.

question

In 1786, the scholar Sir William Jones suggested that:

answer

Ancient Greek and Sanskrit descended from a common, Indo-European linguistic source.

question

"Indo-European," as used in historical or anthropological texts, refers to:

answer

Linguistic and cultural patterns found in India, the Near East, Europe, and perhaps the Far East.

question

The people who settled in Anatolia around 2000 B.C.E. and built a powerful, militaristic kingdom there over the next four hundred years are known as the:

answer

Hittites

question

The culture of the Hittites was:

answer

Strongly militaristic, prone to attacks on other peoples.

question

Hattusilis and his successors eventually expanded the Hittite Kingdom by:

answer

Sacking the fabled city of Babylon and collecting its riches.

question

During the Late Bronze Age (1500-1200 B.C.E.) in the ancient Near East, the two great imperial powers were:

answer

New Kingdom Egypt and the Hittite empire.

question

The Mitannians introduced lighter chariots to carry archers, but:

answer

Their opponents soon copied them and their technological advantage was lost.

question

During the Middle Kingdom, Egypt avoided invasion and attack by:

answer

Fostering economic and political ties with its neighbors.

question

When the Hyksos conquered Lower Egypt in the Egypt's Second Intermediate Period, they:

answer

Adopted the machinery of pharaonic government.

question

The New Kingdom, particularly the Eighteenth Dynasty, was marked by:

answer

The peak of Egyptian cultural achievement, and political and military power.

question

Thutmose I was remarkable for:

answer

Ruling over Egypt, Palestine, and the lands from Nubia in the south to the Euphrates River in the north.

question

Hatshepsut was regularly portrayed as masculine in Egyptian statuary because:

answer

She needed to demonstrate that, like male pharaohs, she ruled in her own right.

question

The division of property and wealth in New Kingdom Egypt:

answer

Favored the pharaoh, the military aristocracy, and the temples of the gods.

question

The priests at the greatest Egyptian temple complexes at Thebes:

answer

Received special favor from the Eighteenth Dynasty, which worshiped Amon-Ra.

question

As part of his religious reform, Amenhotep IV changed his name to Akhenaten and:

answer

Founded a new capital called Akhetaten, located between Thebes and Memphis.

question

When Akhenaten died and was succeeded by Tutankhaten:

answer

The new pharaoh returned to traditional ways of worship.

question

Akhenaten represents one of the earliest moves, in Western history, toward:

answer

Monotheistic religious practices.

question

By the fourteenth century B.C.E., international relations were marked by:

answer

Diplomatic standards, polite forms of address, gifts, and alliances.

question

The "self-conscious cosmopolitanism" of the Late Bronze Age:

answer

Developed as ancient cultures actively exchanged goods and ideas.

question

The system of writing developed by the citizens of Ugarit:

answer

Used an alphabet of about thirty symbols for the consonants.

question

Relations after 1500 B.C.E. are more appropriately referred to as "transnational" because:

answer

The political and economic networks transcended national boundaries and identities.

question

The Heroic Age of Greece described by Hesiod and other ancient poets was long thought to:

answer

Be legends or fables with little basis in historical reality.

question

Heinrich Schliemann and Sir Arthur Evans:

answer

Were archeologists who dug up Troy, Mycenae, and Knossos.

question

The Minoans:

answer

Wrote tablets in Linear A to record their economic transactions.

question

Mycenaean Greece played a central role in Bronze Age networks as evidenced by:

answer

Correspondence between Mycenaean leaders and Egyptian pharaohs and Hittite kings.

question

Around 1200 B.C.E., an inscription by Pharaoh Ramses III records:

answer

An Egyptian victory over the "Sea Peoples," invaders from the north.

question

Many small kingdoms arose in the Levant during the early Iron Age as a result of the:

answer

Collapse of Hittite civilization.

question

The Phoenicians are also known as the:

answer

Canaanites.

question

The Phoenicians created a trade network that stretched from:

answer

Anatolia to Iberia and beyond.

question

Members of the group known in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) as the Philistines shared cultural affinities with the:

answer

Mycenaeans.

question

The Hebrew Bible is an unparalleled historical source that describes the cultural practices and theological development of the Hebrew people. However, most historians believe that:

answer

The Bible's composite nature means that each biblical book should be analyzed within its particular context.

question

In the Book of Judges, the Hebrew people:

answer

Begin to settle and organize themselves into twelve tribes.

question

The twelve Hebrew tribes united under a single king to:

answer

More easily resist Philistine incursions.

question

The Hebrew people, according to archaeological and linguistic evidence, were essentially:

answer

Canaanite.

question

King David's rule was significant in establishing:

answer

A unified Israelite people with a new national capital at Jerusalem.

question

The division of the ancient kingdom of Israel was:

answer

Provoked by Solomon's oppressive regime.

question

Influenced by their long struggle to survive, the Assyrians:

answer

Acted very aggressively toward other peoples.

question

Assurnasirpal II, king of Assyria, has the distinction of:

answer

Possessing a deserved reputation for cruelty and savagery.

question

The earlier Assyrian empire had been devastated by the _____, but in the ninth century B.C.E., the foundations for a neo-Assyrian empire were laid by Assurnasirpal II.

answer

Sea Peoples

question

The Assyrian king:

answer

Also served as chief priest of the Assyrian religion.

question

The defeat of the Assyrians and the destruction of Nineveh were:

answer

The work of Medes from Iran and the Chaldeans.

question

Unlike other rulers, Cyrus of Persia (559-529 B.C.E.):

answer

Granted self-rule and religious freedom to conquered peoples.

question

Before the Persian empire could be formed, the Persian people had first to defeat their rulers, the:

answer

Chaldeans.

question

The accomplishments of King Darius of Persia included:

answer

Building roads for transport and postal service.

question

The followers of Zoroastrianism believed in:

answer

A god of light who constantly battled a god of darkness.

question

Zarathustra attempted to redefine religion:

answer

As ethical practices common to all people.

question

One distinct believe that later Western religions took from Zoroastrianism is the idea:

answer

Of a Day of Judgment.

question

The Hebrew people became unified in their worship of Yahweh due to:

answer

Prophetic insistence on the need for a united Hebrew identity under neo-Assyrian rule.

question

Due to a period of captivity in Babylon, ancient Hebrews:

answer

Developed a religion that transcended local politics and geography.

question

T/F: Anatolia grew in wealth and became urbanized in part due to the Assyrians who changed from a nomadic lifestyle to become caravan merchants.

answer

True

question

T/F: Savage violence and terror were characteristic of Assyrian warfare and foreign policy from Assyria's rise as a power in 1900 B.C.E.

answer

False. (The Assyrians didn't seek military dominance; instead, the relied on the protection of local rulers, and, in turn, they made these rulers rich.)

question

T/F: The Hyksos invasion of Lower Egypt allowed the Nubians to establish an independent kingdom.

answer

True.

question

T/F: Thutmose I was the pharaoh who expelled the Hyksos and restored Egyptian confidence and reunification.

answer

False. (Ahmose, not Thutmose I, expelled the Hyksos.)

question

T/F: Trade in the Late Bronze Age fostered war between nations.

answer

False. (It actually produced alliances and relationships.)

question

T/F: The term thalassocracy means "sea empire."

answer

True.

question

T/F: The Minoans worshiped an early form of the Greek pantheon of gods and goddesses.

answer

False.

question

T/F: The center of Mycenaean society was the village, which gave a sense of family and responsibility to the people and encouraged loyalty to the king, who was depicted as a father to his people.

answer

False. (The Mycenaean king was a powerful war leader, not "a father to his people.")

question

T/F: The effect of the arrival of the Sea Peoples in the Near East was to force fledgling kingdoms to unite, though conquest or consent, in order to stand up to this new threat.

answer

False.

question

T/F: The Greek term Phoenician means "purple people."

answer

True.

question

T/F: Although the Phoenicians were great colonizers of the Mediterranean, they remained strict separatists, having little cultural interaction with the non-Semitic peoples they encountered.

answer

False. (The Phoenicians seemed to interact with everyone they encountered.)

question

T/F: The Phoenicians were descendants of the Peleset, one of the Sea Peoples. They introduced the olive and the grapevine to the Near East and exerted much of their power in the area from large citadels and control over local trade routes and a monopoly over metalsmithing that made it virtually impossible for their enemies to forge their own weapons.

answer

False. (That would be the Philistines, not the Phoenicians.)

question

T/F: We know very little about the Philistines because they left no written records.

answer

True.

question

T/F: By the end of Solomon's rule, the cult of Yahweh had expelled all worship of foreign deities and acted as a glue to hold the Hebrew Kingdom together after the Davidic dynasty ended.

answer

False.

question

T/F: The "Babylonian captivity" of the Hebrew people began in the rule of Cyrus the Great.

answer

False. (Cyrus actually ended the Babylonian captivity; he didn't start it.)

1 of

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question

During the first millennium B.C.E.:

answer

Iron slowly replaced bronze as the primary component of tools and weapons.

question

In 1786, the scholar Sir William Jones suggested that:

answer

Ancient Greek and Sanskrit descended from a common, Indo-European linguistic source.

question

"Indo-European," as used in historical or anthropological texts, refers to:

answer

Linguistic and cultural patterns found in India, the Near East, Europe, and perhaps the Far East.

question

The people who settled in Anatolia around 2000 B.C.E. and built a powerful, militaristic kingdom there over the next four hundred years are known as the:

answer

Hittites

question

The culture of the Hittites was:

answer

Strongly militaristic, prone to attacks on other peoples.

question

Hattusilis and his successors eventually expanded the Hittite Kingdom by:

answer

Sacking the fabled city of Babylon and collecting its riches.

question

During the Late Bronze Age (1500-1200 B.C.E.) in the ancient Near East, the two great imperial powers were:

answer

New Kingdom Egypt and the Hittite empire.

question

The Mitannians introduced lighter chariots to carry archers, but:

answer

Their opponents soon copied them and their technological advantage was lost.

question

During the Middle Kingdom, Egypt avoided invasion and attack by:

answer

Fostering economic and political ties with its neighbors.

question

When the Hyksos conquered Lower Egypt in the Egypt's Second Intermediate Period, they:

answer

Adopted the machinery of pharaonic government.

question

The New Kingdom, particularly the Eighteenth Dynasty, was marked by:

answer

The peak of Egyptian cultural achievement, and political and military power.

question

Thutmose I was remarkable for:

answer

Ruling over Egypt, Palestine, and the lands from Nubia in the south to the Euphrates River in the north.

question

Hatshepsut was regularly portrayed as masculine in Egyptian statuary because:

answer

She needed to demonstrate that, like male pharaohs, she ruled in her own right.

question

The division of property and wealth in New Kingdom Egypt:

answer

Favored the pharaoh, the military aristocracy, and the temples of the gods.

question

The priests at the greatest Egyptian temple complexes at Thebes:

answer

Received special favor from the Eighteenth Dynasty, which worshiped Amon-Ra.

question

As part of his religious reform, Amenhotep IV changed his name to Akhenaten and:

answer

Founded a new capital called Akhetaten, located between Thebes and Memphis.

question

When Akhenaten died and was succeeded by Tutankhaten:

answer

The new pharaoh returned to traditional ways of worship.

question

Akhenaten represents one of the earliest moves, in Western history, toward:

answer

Monotheistic religious practices.

question

By the fourteenth century B.C.E., international relations were marked by:

answer

Diplomatic standards, polite forms of address, gifts, and alliances.

question

The "self-conscious cosmopolitanism" of the Late Bronze Age:

answer

Developed as ancient cultures actively exchanged goods and ideas.

question

The system of writing developed by the citizens of Ugarit:

answer

Used an alphabet of about thirty symbols for the consonants.

question

Relations after 1500 B.C.E. are more appropriately referred to as "transnational" because:

answer

The political and economic networks transcended national boundaries and identities.

question

The Heroic Age of Greece described by Hesiod and other ancient poets was long thought to:

answer

Be legends or fables with little basis in historical reality.

question

Heinrich Schliemann and Sir Arthur Evans:

answer

Were archeologists who dug up Troy, Mycenae, and Knossos.

question

The Minoans:

answer

Wrote tablets in Linear A to record their economic transactions.

question

Mycenaean Greece played a central role in Bronze Age networks as evidenced by:

answer

Correspondence between Mycenaean leaders and Egyptian pharaohs and Hittite kings.

question

Around 1200 B.C.E., an inscription by Pharaoh Ramses III records:

answer

An Egyptian victory over the "Sea Peoples," invaders from the north.

question

Many small kingdoms arose in the Levant during the early Iron Age as a result of the:

answer

Collapse of Hittite civilization.

question

The Phoenicians are also known as the:

answer

Canaanites.

question

The Phoenicians created a trade network that stretched from:

answer

Anatolia to Iberia and beyond.

question

Members of the group known in the Hebrew Bible (Old Testament) as the Philistines shared cultural affinities with the:

answer

Mycenaeans.

question

The Hebrew Bible is an unparalleled historical source that describes the cultural practices and theological development of the Hebrew people. However, most historians believe that:

answer

The Bible's composite nature means that each biblical book should be analyzed within its particular context.

question

In the Book of Judges, the Hebrew people:

answer

Begin to settle and organize themselves into twelve tribes.

question

The twelve Hebrew tribes united under a single king to:

answer

More easily resist Philistine incursions.

question

The Hebrew people, according to archaeological and linguistic evidence, were essentially:

answer

Canaanite.

question

King David's rule was significant in establishing:

answer

A unified Israelite people with a new national capital at Jerusalem.

question

The division of the ancient kingdom of Israel was:

answer

Provoked by Solomon's oppressive regime.

question

Influenced by their long struggle to survive, the Assyrians:

answer

Acted very aggressively toward other peoples.

question

Assurnasirpal II, king of Assyria, has the distinction of:

answer

Possessing a deserved reputation for cruelty and savagery.

question

The earlier Assyrian empire had been devastated by the _____, but in the ninth century B.C.E., the foundations for a neo-Assyrian empire were laid by Assurnasirpal II.

answer

Sea Peoples

question

The Assyrian king:

answer

Also served as chief priest of the Assyrian religion.

question

The defeat of the Assyrians and the destruction of Nineveh were:

answer

The work of Medes from Iran and the Chaldeans.

question

Unlike other rulers, Cyrus of Persia (559-529 B.C.E.):

answer

Granted self-rule and religious freedom to conquered peoples.

question

Before the Persian empire could be formed, the Persian people had first to defeat their rulers, the:

answer

Chaldeans.

question

The accomplishments of King Darius of Persia included:

answer

Building roads for transport and postal service.

question

The followers of Zoroastrianism believed in:

answer

A god of light who constantly battled a god of darkness.

question

Zarathustra attempted to redefine religion:

answer

As ethical practices common to all people.

question

One distinct believe that later Western religions took from Zoroastrianism is the idea:

answer

Of a Day of Judgment.

question

The Hebrew people became unified in their worship of Yahweh due to:

answer

Prophetic insistence on the need for a united Hebrew identity under neo-Assyrian rule.

question

Due to a period of captivity in Babylon, ancient Hebrews:

answer

Developed a religion that transcended local politics and geography.

question

T/F: Anatolia grew in wealth and became urbanized in part due to the Assyrians who changed from a nomadic lifestyle to become caravan merchants.

answer

True

question

T/F: Savage violence and terror were characteristic of Assyrian warfare and foreign policy from Assyria's rise as a power in 1900 B.C.E.

answer

False. (The Assyrians didn't seek military dominance; instead, the relied on the protection of local rulers, and, in turn, they made these rulers rich.)

question

T/F: The Hyksos invasion of Lower Egypt allowed the Nubians to establish an independent kingdom.

answer

True.

question

T/F: Thutmose I was the pharaoh who expelled the Hyksos and restored Egyptian confidence and reunification.

answer

False. (Ahmose, not Thutmose I, expelled the Hyksos.)

question

T/F: Trade in the Late Bronze Age fostered war between nations.

answer

False. (It actually produced alliances and relationships.)

question

T/F: The term thalassocracy means "sea empire."

answer

True.

question

T/F: The Minoans worshiped an early form of the Greek pantheon of gods and goddesses.

answer

False.

question

T/F: The center of Mycenaean society was the village, which gave a sense of family and responsibility to the people and encouraged loyalty to the king, who was depicted as a father to his people.

answer

False. (The Mycenaean king was a powerful war leader, not "a father to his people.")

question

T/F: The effect of the arrival of the Sea Peoples in the Near East was to force fledgling kingdoms to unite, though conquest or consent, in order to stand up to this new threat.

answer

False.

question

T/F: The Greek term Phoenician means "purple people."

answer

True.

question

T/F: Although the Phoenicians were great colonizers of the Mediterranean, they remained strict separatists, having little cultural interaction with the non-Semitic peoples they encountered.

answer

False. (The Phoenicians seemed to interact with everyone they encountered.)

question

answer

False. (That would be the Philistines, not the Phoenicians.)

question

T/F: We know very little about the Philistines because they left no written records.

answer

True.

question

T/F: By the end of Solomon's rule, the cult of Yahweh had expelled all worship of foreign deities and acted as a glue to hold the Hebrew Kingdom together after the Davidic dynasty ended.

answer

False.

question

T/F: The "Babylonian captivity" of the Hebrew people began in the rule of Cyrus the Great.

answer

False. (Cyrus actually ended the Babylonian captivity; he didn't start it.)

Western Civilization to 1648 (HIST-1500) Ch. 2 – Flashcards

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