Western Civilization II: Chapter 17 – Flashcards
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The recognized capital of the Enlightenment
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Paris
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Voltaire was best known for his criticism of
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Religious intolerance
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The German philosopher Immanuel Kant proclaimed the motto of the Enlightenment to be
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"Dare to Know"
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A major inspiration for travel literature in the eighteenth century was
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Pacific Ocean adventures of James Cook
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His philosophy contributed to the development of Enlightenment ideas by arguing that a person's character was shaped by environment not innate ideas
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John Locke
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Above all, Montesquieu's "The Spirit of the Laws" was concerned with maintaining a balance among the various
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Branches of Government
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provided a forum for discussing the ideas of the philosophies
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Salons
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produced religious music as a way to worship God
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Johann Sebastian Bach
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18th century composer was considered most innovative and wrote the opera, "The Marriage of Figaro"
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Mozart
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18th century writers used this new form of literacy expression to attack the hypocrisies of the era and provide sentimental entertainment to growing numbers of readers
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Novels
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based on a Newtonian world-machine with God as it's mechanic, designing the universe in accord with rational law
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Deism
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wrote the Encyclopedia
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Diderot
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The belief in natural laws underlying all areas of human life led to the
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Social Sciences
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Diderot's most famous contribution to the Enlightenment's battle against religious fanaticism, intolerance, and prudery was his
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Encyclopedia
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The best statement of laissez-faire was made in 1776 by
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Adam Smith
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Who said that individuals "will forced to be free"?
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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for Rousseau, what was the source of inequality and the chief cause of crimes
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Private Property
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High culture in 18th century Europe was characterized by the enormous impact of the
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Publishing Industry
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The punishment of crime in the 18th century was often
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Public & gruesome
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was a period of intense sexual activity and gross excesses
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The Carnival of the Mediterranean world
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A cheap and popular alcoholic drink in 18th century England
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Gin
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The Jews of 18th century Europe were most free in participating in
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Banking & commercial activities
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provided inspiration for the Enlightenment by arguing that through rational reasoning & the acquisition of knowledge, one could discover natural laws governing all aspects of human society
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Isaac Newton & John Locke
