Western Civ II Exam #1 – Flashcards
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The rebellion of Britain's North American colonies was unique among the social conflicts prior to 1789 because
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conflicts between elites and commoners were less severe than elsewhere and the revolutionaries appealed not to hereditary privileges but to theories of natural rights and popular sovereignty
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The most important figure on the Committee of Public Safety was
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Maximilien Robespierre
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Among the barriers to industrialization in early modern Europe were
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(old-fashioned and inflexible business practices, small markets, cultural attitudes, guild and government restrictions) all answers are correct
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Britain defeated France in the French and Indian War because
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Britain was superior at sea
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The French Revolution became violent because
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(the king brought troops into Paris to suppress the National Assembly, unemployment was high and there were bread shortages, Parisians feared an aristocratic plot against the Third Estate, the king dismissed Necker who was considered an ally of reform) all answers are correct
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The Revolution granted women
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an equal share of their family's estate and primary education for girls
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All BUT which of the following is true of Voltaire?
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he was editor of the Encyclopédie
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The philosophes believed the most important function of philosophy was to pursue
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the rational study of human behavior
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Which of the following was true of leisure and recreation for the masses in the eighteenth century?
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drinking was a common activity
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The French Revolution was precipitated by
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the impending bankruptcy of the monarchy
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The leading group of radical democrats in Paris after the fall of the monarchy was known as
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the Jacobins
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Which was NOT true of the foreign policy of the French Republic?
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the Revolution's leaders set out consciously to overthrow the "old regime" across Europe
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Rousseau's most important concept in The Social Contract was that
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government must be based on voluntary participation by citizens, not simply by the accident of history or inheritance
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Which of the following was the most important factor in increasing agricultural productivity in eighteenth-century England?
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enclosure
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Mortality rates of slaves during the Middle Passage ranged from
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ten to fifty percent
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The Physiocrats believed that economic progress could best be achieved by
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free trade
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In Eastern Europe, agricultural production was carried out by
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serfs whose freedoms were severely circumscribed by their lord
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Which phrase is associated with Montesquieu's ideas on good government?
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balance of powers among executive, legislature, and judiciary
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Popular literature
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remained superstitious and religious
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The French fiscal crisis was caused by
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(the cost of intervention in the American Revolution, heavy government borrowing at a high rate of interest, a narrow tax base, taxes on land weighed heavily on peasants) all answers are correct
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The program of public safety advocated by the sans-culottes included
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(price controls, forced requisitions of grain supplies, the execution of hoarders, the purge of the Girondins) all answers are correct
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Which numbers best describe Europe's population growth from 1730 to 1800?
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120 million to 180 million
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The competition for overseas commercial empires in the eighteenth century was primarily between
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Britain and France
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Which of the following was not true of the protoindustrial period?
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it led to significant technological improvements and advances in productivity
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Among the characteristics of popular literature for the masses in the eighteenth century were
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religiosity and entertainment
