Weathering, Erosion, Deposition Study Guide – Flashcards
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The breakdown of rock material into smaller piece.
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What is weathering?
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Mechanical weathering changes the size and shape of the substance. Chemical weathering produces a new substance.
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Explain the difference between mechanical (physical) and chemical weathering.
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Break down
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Identify the active verb associated with weathering.
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the movement/transport of sediments.
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Erosion is...
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the putting down sediments.
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Deposition is...
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1. Abrasion 2. Frost Action (ice wedging) 3. Plants 4. Animals
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List 4 types of mechanical (physical) weathering.
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When water infiltrates (permeates) into the ground gettimg into the cracks of rocks, it freezes. When water freezes, it expands. This will eventually widen the crack and making the rock weaker to fall apart.
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How does frost action work to break down rock?
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1. Oxidation (oxygen) 2. Water (hydrolysis) 3. Plants 4. Animals 5. Acid Rain
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List 4 types of chemical weathering.
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1. Surface area 2. Type of climate 3. Type of rock
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Name the 3 factors that increase the rate of weathering.
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The end product of weathering is soil formation.
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Identify the end product of weathering.
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Top soil supports plant growth and is also the layer that contains the greatest amount of nutrients.
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What is the importance of top soil?
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The five agents of erosion (able to transport weathered materials) are... 1. Mass movement 2. Running water 3. Glaciers 4. Wind 5. Waves
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Name the five agents of erosion.
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Constructive forces build up land through the process of deposition. Destructive forces break down land through the process of weathering.
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Explain the difference between a constructive force and a destructive force.
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Groundwater.
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Water that is allowed to soak into the ground is called...
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A meander is any curve or bend in a river or stream.
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Define meander.
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The outer curve of a meander experiences a greater water velocity which allows more weathering and erosion to occur (destructive forces).
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Why does to outer curve of a meander experience the greatest amount of weathering and erosion.
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The inside curves on a meander cause the water velocity to decrease and therefore sediments are deposited (constructive force).
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Explain the forces happening on the inside cuves of meanders.
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Glaciers occur during ice ages when the average temperatures are below freezing.
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When do glaciers form?
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physical/mechanical weathering.
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The weathering involved with glaciers is...
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frost action /ice wedging.
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The force involved with glacieers is...
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The sediments left behind afer a glacier melts is called till.
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An example of glacial deposition is...
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Wind breaks downs rock through the process of physical/mechanical weathering.
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The weathering involved with wind is...
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This wind blown process is called deflation.
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The movement of wind blown particles is called...
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Sand dunes.
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An example of wind blown deposition are
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Waves are always involved with the process of mechanical/physical weathering.
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The type of weathering involved with waves is
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Wave deposition results in beaches.
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An example of wave deposion is...
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River valleys are always shaped like a "V". Glacial valleys are always shaped like a "U"
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Describe how a glacial valley's shape differs from one formed by running water (rivers).
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Particles transported by running water are always round and smooth. The edges of irregular shaped rock chip away and they bound and grind away on other rock as they are transported.
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What shape are particles moved by running water?
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Weathering because it breaks down land.
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Name a type of destructive force covered in this unit.
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Deposition because it builds up land.
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Identify a type of constructive force covered in this unit.
