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belief in a single just and all powerful-god

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major characteristic of Christianity

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Jews believed in only one God

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how did the jewish view of God differ from the beliefs of most people in the ancient world?

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where and when Christians could fight

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The church limited what

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the church provided a sense of stability, unity, and order

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describe the role of the roman catholic church in western Europe during the middle ages

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eastern orthodox christianity

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in the byzantine empire, one important feature of life was the development of:

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capture the holy land from Islamic rulers

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a major goal of the catholic church during the crusades was to

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a division of society into hereditary social classes

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what did the caste system in india and the feudal system in Europe have in common?

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protection

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feudalism evolved in response to a need for

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an exchange of land for services

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what was the primary characteristic of feudal society in medieval Europe?

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turmoil of repeated invasions

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in western Europe, feudalism developed after the

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toleration of several other religons

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one characteristic of the Golden age of muslim culture was the

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traders coming from asia

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the black death spread to Europe as a result of contact with

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a greater reliance on new weapons reduced the importance of knights

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what was an important effect of the hundred years war?

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the ruler of mali is both rich and powerful

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which statement best expresses Ibn Battutas point of view in this passage

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salt and gold

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which goods were traded in timbuktu

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the sahara desert acted as a barrier to trade

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which conclusion can best be drawn about this region

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benefitted from the gold and salt trade

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one way in which the African kingdoms of Ghana, Maili, and Songhai were similar is that they:

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ideas were exchanged as merchants interacted with each other

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one important way in which the silk road and west African trade routes were similar was that along these routes

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cortes marveled at Aztec wealth, while Montezuma focused on the tragic events of the encounter

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how did hernan and Montezuma differ in their points of view of their encounter, as expressed in these accounts

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adapted to their environments with creative farming techniques

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a study of the Aztec, maya, and inca agricultural systems would show that these civilization

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it depended upon a system of roads to connect the empire

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which of the following statements about incan civilizations is true?

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cooperation and planning in agriculture

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pre Columbian inca civilization

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use of the sanskirt language and development of the concept of zero

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what accomplishments are most closely associated with the gupta empire

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widespread road system

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what characteristic did the Persian empire share with the roman and incan empire

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they set up a system of civil service exams open to all

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how did han emperors select officials to run the government

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Sparta placed more emphasis on military service

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what was an important difference between the ancient city states of Sparta and athens

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the government and society of Sparta are too strict. The people have little voice in government

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represent the view of a citizen of ancient Athens visiting sparta

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"Arabic" numerals and the decimal system

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what mathematical innovations were developed under the gupta dynasty

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formation of the empire

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the main effect of the events on this timeline was the

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a roman emperor had moved the capital of the empire eastwards

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Constantinople became the center of the byzantine empire because

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grow food and domesticate animals

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the Neolithic revolution occurred when people discovered how to

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domestication of plants and animals

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what led to complex civilizations, surplus of food and division of labor

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political organizations were more elaborate

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one difference between classical civilizations and river valley civilizations was that in the classical civilizations

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they both had written forms of communication

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what was one similarity between the ancient civilizations of Egypt and china

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the cities had an organized pattern of streets

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what supports the conclusion that the indus valley civilization had a centralized government

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occupation

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the Aryans divided people into classes by

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egypt

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where would an archeologist discover a mummy, hieroglyphics written on stone walls, embalmed pharaoh

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had fertile soil, fresh water, and warm climates

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the river valleys of the tigris Euphrates, the nile, the indus, and the yellow river were cneters of civilization because they

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feudal clans controlled most of the land

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best describes what government was like under the shang

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the dynastic cycle in china

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the mandate of heaven is the idea behind what

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western Europe after the fall of rome

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western Europe went into a long deep sleep. learning was found only in the religious orders. fear and chaos reigned. what period in history does this statement by a historian best describe?

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a period of economic disorder and weak central government

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two immediate results of the fall of the roman empire were

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warfare disrupted trade throughout europe

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in western Europe, which development was the cause of the other three

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not a single event, but a long process of change

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the fall of rome was

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both societies faced pressure from outside invaders

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how were the collapses of the roman empire and the han dynasty similar

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developed extensive trade networks

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the han dynasty and the roman empire were similar in that both

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Spanish soldiers possessed superior military technology

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one reason Spanish conquistadors were able to conquer the Aztecs was that

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rome traded extensively throughout the Mediterranean region

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most accurate based on the map?

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individual city states

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the rocky islands and isolated valleys of Greece contributed to

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rome was centrally located

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the map supports the theory that the roman empire untied the Mediterranean region under its control because

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isolated valleys and islands

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geographic factors that influenced the creation of greek city states

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2

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which number marks the location of the Islamic defeat at the battle of tours

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the introduction and spread of Buddhism from india

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a famous example of "cultural diffusion" in early Chinese history was

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Hinduism

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Sikhism blended the beliefs of islam with those of

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strong governmnet

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legalism in china stressed the importance of

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the caste system

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hindus and Buddhists hold different beliefs concerning

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the choice of a leader

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the split between sunni and Shiite muslims began with a disagreement over

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meditation

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Buddha taught that a person could achieve enlightenment through

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the law of karma

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hindus believed that caste could be changed by

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confucius

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the diagram above shows the relationship between individuals in a society based on the ideas of

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Buddhism

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which religion is most closely associated with self-denial, meditation, the "four noble truths, and nirvana

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fast in daytime during the month of ramadan

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which is an important duty for followers of islam

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the caste system

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what brought to india by the aryans

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they increased trade between europe and asia

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what is the most valid generalization about the impact of the crusades?

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remains a subject of modern debate and interpretation

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the history of the crusades..

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ancient greece

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which culture created marble temples such as the parthenon with ideal proportions and the first works of drama and history

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democracy

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citizens of Athens had the right to openly discuss issues and vote in the assembly. this is an example of

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the requirement that government actions must adhere to the law

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which feature of western democratic government reflects aristotles views

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urging that all citizens participate directly in lawmaking

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ancient athenian democracy differed from modern american democracy in

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individual achievement, dignity, and worth are of great importance

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what is a concept from classical Athens that is central to Western political thought today?

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citizens make decisions

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a direct democracy lets

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they established a written set of laws

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in what way were the babylonian Code of hammurabi and the roman twelve tables similar?

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divisions existed between social classes

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which principle of babylonian society does this excerpt from the code of hammurabi illustrate?

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established written laws

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the code of hammurabi was a major contribution to the development of civilization because it

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served as a model for many later european legal systems

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the roman system of justice is considered a milestone because it

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made advances in math and science

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the aztec calendar and the maya use of zero both illustrate that pre columbian cultures in the americas

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had the engineering skill to build complex structures

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these two structures indicate that ancient pre columbian civilizations:

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political involvement of the city state

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the importance ancient athenians placed on individual participation in the:

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parthenon

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the lincoln memorial was influenced by what piece of greek architecture?

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monarchy, aristocracy, democracy

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what are three forms of government referred to by aristotle

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the alphabet spread the phoenicia to greece and later to rome

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development of the alphabet: what can best be drawn from the chart of it

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realism

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romain art and their emphasis on preciseness or exactness is what type of art

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arches

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the accomplishment of roman engineering is an example of?

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seas

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what geographic characteristics of greece provided a link to the outside world?

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city states of athens

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what society was the first to practice direct democracy?

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conquered neighboring peoples to build vast empire

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one way in which the actions of cyrus the great and alexander the great were similar was that each:

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hinduism

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what was not practiced in china?

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constantinople was an important trading center

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what about constantinople is accurate?

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the caste system

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brahmins, kshatriyas, vaisyas, sudras is what

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asoka

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which emperor was most influential in spreading buddhism and peace in india?

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respect for elders

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confucius taught the chinese people that their most important duty was

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advanced building techniques existed in ancient civilizations

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these architectural achievements indicate that

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the development of cities

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what marked the beginning of civilization?

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the spread of greek culture

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alexander the greats most lasting achievement was

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a political system based on independent city states

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greeces mountainous terrain and its series of small islands encouraged the ancient greeks to develop

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orthodox christianity

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what phrase best completes the byzantine empire map

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development of the foundations of modern science and mathematics

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a major feature of the golden age of muslim culture was the

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islam had a major influence on the mali empire

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mansa muas journey to mecca in the 1300's is evidence that

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on major trading routes

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one similarity between the ancient african kingdoms of egypt, ghana, mali and songhai is that all these kingdoms were located

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developed extensive trade in gold, ivory and salt

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one reason the ancient kingdoms in western africa prospered was that they

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advanced societies developed in africa before europeans colonized this region

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the contributions of the ancient civilizations of ghana, axum, kush, and mali demonstrate that

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established economies based on trade

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a similarity between the ancient western african kingdoms of mali, ghana, and songhai is that these kindgdoms

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byzantine

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"western europe owed a debt of gratitude to the empire that for almost a thousand years ensured the survival of christianity during a time when europe was too weak to accomplish the task" what empire is referred to in this quote?

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orthodox christian religion

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an influence that spread from the byzantine empire to early russia was the

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byzantine

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which empire introduced the eastern orthodox church and cyrillic alphabet to russia

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developed complex mathematical and calendar systems

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in latin america, the maya and the aztec civilizations were similar in that they

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developed advanced and complex societies before the arrival of the europeans

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a study of the maya, aztec and inca civilizations of latin america would show that these civilizations

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diseases introduced by the spanish

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the native american population of mexico in 1492 has been estimated at 25 million; the population in 1608 was estimated at 1.7 million. this decrease in population was mainly a result of

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the spanish had better weapons than the aztecs and incas did

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one reason the spanish conquistadors were able to conquer the aztec and inca empires rapid is that

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monotheism and ethical conduct

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judaism, islam and christianity share a belief in

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the caste system continues to influence indian society

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"when i go to the office, i put on my shirt and take off my caste; when i come home, i take off my shirt and i put on my caste" what is the main idea of this quote?

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confucianism

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in traditional chinese culture, which philosophy had the greatest influence on the development of social order and political organization

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follow a code of moral conduct

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the teachings of confucius encouraged people to

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provide a guide to proper ethical and moral behavior

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one similarity between the five pillars of islam and the ten commandments is that both

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is a branch of christianity

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one way in which eastern orthodoxy, roman catholicism, and the protestantism are similar is that each

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islam

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the koran, jihad and the hegira are most closely associated with the practice of

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