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adage

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(n.) a wise saying,proverb

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bonanza

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(n.) a rich mass of ore in a mine; something very valuable, profitable, or a rewarding; a source of wealth or prosperity; a very large amount; sudden profit or gain

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churlish

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(adj.) lacking politeness or good manners, lacking sensitivity; difficult work to deal with or rude

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citadel

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(n.) a fortress that overlooks and protects a city, any strong or commanding place

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collaborate

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(v.) to work with, work together

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decree

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(n.) an order having the force of law; (v.) to issue such an order; to command firmly or forcefully

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discordant

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(adj.) disagreeable in sound, jarring, lacking in harmony, conflicting

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evolve

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(v.) to develop gradually; to rise to a higher level

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excerpt

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(n.) a passage taken from a book, article, etc.; (v.) to take such a passage, to quote

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grope

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(v.) to feel about hesitantly with the hands; to search blindly an uncertainly

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hover

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(v.) to float or hang suspended over; to move back and forth uncertainly over or around

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jostle

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(v.) to make o force one's way around by pushing or elbowing; to bump, shove,brush against; to compete for

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laggard

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(n.) a person who moves slowly or falls behind; (adj.) falling behind; slow to move, act or respond

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plaudits

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(n. pl.) applause; enthusiastic praise or approval

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preclude

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(v.) to make impossible, prevent, shut out

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revert

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(v.) to return, go back

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rubble

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(n.) broken stone or brick; ruins

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servile

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(adj.) of or relating to a slave, behaving like or suitable for a slave or a servant, menial, lacking spirit or independence, adjectively submissive

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vigil

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(n.) a watch, especially at night; any period of watchful attention

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wrangle

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(v.) to quarrel or argue in a noisy, angry way; to obtain by argument; to herd; (n.) a noisy quarrel

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antics

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(n. pl.) ridiculous and unpredictable behavior or actions

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avowed

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(adj., part.) declared openly and without shame, acknowledged

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banter

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(v.) to exchange playful remarks, tease; (n.) talk that is playful and teasing

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bountiful

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(adj.) giving freely, generous; plentiful, given abundantly

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congested

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(adj., part.) overcrowded, filled or occupied to excess

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detriment

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harm or loss; injury, damage; a disadvantage; a cause of harm,injury,loss,or damge

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durable

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(adj.) sturdy, not easily worn out or desroyed; lasting for a long time; (n. pl.) consumer goods used repeatedly over a series of years

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enterprising

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(adj.) energetic, willing and able to start something new; showing boldness and imagination

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frugal

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(adj.) economical, avoiding waste and luxury; scanty, poor, meager

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gingerly

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(adj., adv.) with extreme care or caution

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glut

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(v.) to provide more than is needed or wanted; to feed or fill to the point of overstuffing; (n.) an oversupply

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incognito

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(adj., adv.) in a disguised state, under an assumed name or identity; (n.) the state of being disguised; a person in disguise

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invalidate

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(v.) to make valueless, take away all force or effect

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legendary

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(adj.) described in well-known stories; existing in old stories (legends) rather than in real life

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maim

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(v.) to cripple, disable, injure, mar, disfigure, mutilate

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minimize

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(v.) to make as small as possible, make the least of; to make smaller than before

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oblique

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(adj.) slanting or sloping not straightforward or direct

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veer

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(v.) to change direction or course suddenly, turn aside, shift, swerve

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venerate

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(v.) to regard with reverence, look up to with great respect

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wanton

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(adj.) reckless, heartless, unjustifialbe, loose in morals; (n.) a spoiled, pampered person, one with low morals

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allot

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(v) to assign or distribute into shares or portions

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amass

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(v) to bring together, collect, gather, especially for oneself;to come together, assemble

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audacious

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(adj) bold, adventurous, recklessly daring

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comply

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(v) to yield to a request or demand

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devoid

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(adj) not having or using, lacking

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elite

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(n) the choice part of a group of people or things; (adj ) superior

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grapple

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(n) an iron hook used to grab and hold; (v) to come to grips with, wrestle or fight with

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incapacitate

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(v) to deprive of strength or ability, to make legally ineligible

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instigate

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(v) to urge on, or stir up, provoke, start, incite

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longevity

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(n) long life, long duration, length of life

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myriad

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(adj) in very great numbers; (n) a very great number

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perspective

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(n) a point of view or general standpoint from which different things are viewed physically or mentally; the appearance to the eye of various objects viewed at a given time, place, or distance

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perturb

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(v) to trouble, make uneasy,to disturb greatly, to throw into confusion

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prodigious

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(adj) immense; extraordinary in bulk, size, or degree

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relevant

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(adj) connected with or related to the matter at hand

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skittish

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(adj) extremely nervous and easily frightened; shy or timid; extremely cautious, unstable, undependable

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tether

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(n) a rope used to fasten something to a fixed object; the outer limit of strength or resources; (v) to fasten with a rope or chain

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unison

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(n) a sounding together, agreement or accord

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vie

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(v) to compete; to strive for victory or superiority

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willful

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(adj) stubbornly self-willed; done on purpose, deliberate

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Annul

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(v) to reduce to nothing, to declare legally invalid or void, to make ineffective or inoperative

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blase

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(adj) indifferent, bored as a result of having enjoyed many pleasures, aphanitic

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bolster

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(v) to support, give a boost to (n) a long pillow or cushion, a supporting post

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Deplore

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To feel or express regret or disapproval

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frivolous

answer

of little importance, not worthy of serious attentionl not meant seriously

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muster

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(v) to bring together for service or battle, to gather or summon, to gather or summon

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Nonentity

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a person or thing of no importance

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obsess

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to trouble, haunt, or fill the mind

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ornate

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elaborately decorated, showily splendid

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oust

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to remove

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peruse

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to read thoroughly and carefully

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porous

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full of tiny holes, able to be penetrated by air or water

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promontory

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a high point of land extending into water

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prone

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lying face down, inclined, likely

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qualm

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a pang of conscience, uneasiness, misgiving, or doubt, a feeling of faintness or nausea

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recourse

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a person or thing turned to for help or advice

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residue

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a remainder

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solicitous

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showing concern or care, fearful or anxious about someone or something

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staid

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serious and dignified, quiet or subdued in character or conduct

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sustain

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to support, nourish keep up, to suffer undergo, to bear up under, to affirm the validity of

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Aghast

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(adj) filled with amazement, disgust, fear or terror

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Ample

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(adj) more than enough, large, spacious

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apparition

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(n) a ghost or ghostly figure; an unexplained or unusual appearance

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assert

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(v) to declare or state as truth, maintain or defend, put forward forcefully

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Cower

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(v) to crouch or shrink away from in fear or shame

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Disdain

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(v) to look upon with scorn; to refuse scornfully; (n) a feeling of contempt

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Epitaph

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(n) a brief statement written on a tomb or gravestone

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ethical

answer

(adj) having to do with morals, values, right and wrong; in accordance with standards of right conduct; requiring a prescription for purchase

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Facetious

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(adj) humorous, not meant seriously

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Inaudible

answer

(adj) not able to be heard

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Indiscriminate

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(adj) without restraint or control; unselective

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intrigue

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(n) crafty dealings, underhanded plotting; (v) to form and carry out plots; to puzzle or excite the curiosity

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jurisdiction

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(n) and area of authority or control; the right to administer justice

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plausible

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(adj) appearing true, reasonable, or fair

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Plebeian

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(adj) common, vulgar, belonging to the lower class; (n) a common person, member of the lower class

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Prodigal

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(adj) wastefully extravagant; lavishly or generously abundant

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Proximity

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(n) nearness, closeness

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Pulverize

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(v) to grind or pound to a powder to destroy or overcome

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sequel

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(n) that which follows, a result; a literary work or film continuing the story of one written or made earlier

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Volatile

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(adj) highly changeable, fickle; tending to become violent or explosive; changing readily from the liquid to the gaseous state

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Abashed

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(adj, part) Embarrassed, ashamed, or nonplussed

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aloof

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(adj) withdrawn, standing apart from others

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Anguish

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(n) great mental suffering distress, or pain (v) to be deeply tormented by pain and sorrow

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Articulate

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(v) to pronounce distinctly, to express well in words, to fit together (adj) able to use language effectively; expressed clearly and forcefully

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bask

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(v) to be in, or expose to

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Defect

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(n) an imperfection, flaw or blemish of some kind (v) to desert a cause or organization

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Finesse

answer

(n) Delicate skill; tact and cleverness; (v) to accomplish something by cleverness, good judgement, or skillful evasion

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Flaunt

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(v) to wave or flutter showily; to display in a conceited offensive way

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forthright

answer

(adj) direct, straightforward

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genial

answer

(adj) cordial, pleasantly cheerful or warm

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Instill

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(v) to add gradually; to introduce or cause to be taken in

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Ostracize

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(v) to exclude from a group, banish, send away

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premonition

answer

(n) forewarning or foreboding of a future event

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Pseudonym

answer

(n) pen name, name assumed by a writer

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Purge

answer

(v) to wash away impurities, clean up; (n) the process of getting rid of something or someone decisively

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rehabilitate

answer

(v) to make over in good form, to restore to good condition or to a former position

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repercussion

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(n) to make over in good form, to restore to good condition or to a former position

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resolute

answer

(adj) bold, determined; firm

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retentive

answer

(adj) able to hold, keep, or recall; retaining knowledge easily

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scapegoat

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(n) a person or thing carrying the blame for others

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acme

answer

the highest point

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attribute

answer

a quality or characteristic belonging to or associated with someone or something

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belittle

answer

to make something appear smaller than it is; to refer to in a way that suggests lack of importance or value

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convey

answer

to transport; to transmit; to communicate, make known; to transfer ownership or title to

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doctrine

answer

a belief, principla, or teaching; a system or such beliefs or priciples; a formulation of such beliefs or principles

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excise

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to remove by cutting

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exotic

answer

foreign; charmingly unfamiliar or strikingly unusual

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haggard

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thin, pale, and careworn as a result or worry or suffering; wild-looking

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jaunty

answer

lively, easy, and carefree in manner; smart or trim in appearance

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juncture

answer

a joining together; the point at which two things are joined; any important point in time

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menial

answer

lowly, humble, lacking importance or dignity

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parry

answer

to ward off, fend off, deflect, evade, avoid

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predatory

answer

preying on, plundering, or piratical

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ravage

answer

to destroy, lay waste, ruin

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stance

answer

a way of holding the body; an attitude or position on an issue

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tawdry

answer

showy and flashy but lacking in good taste

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turncoat

answer

a person who switches to an opposing side or party

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unassuming

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not putting on airs, unpretentious; modest

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wallow

answer

to roll about in a lazy, clumsy, or helpless way; to overindulge in; to have in abundance

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waver

answer

to move to and fro, become unsteady; to show lack of firmness or decision

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abut

answer

v. lie adjacent to another or share a boundary

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attire

answer

n. Clothes, especially fine and expensive clothes. v. To dress up or be dressed up.

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avail

answer

[verb] to be or make of use or benefit; to make profit [noun] use; benefit; profit

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crony

answer

[noun] friend; pal; chum; buddy

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cryptic

answer

adj. puzzling, mystifying, or enigmatic

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divergent

answer

(adj) separating; moving in different directions from a particular point

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enmity

answer

n. hatred, ill-will

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fervent

answer

[adjective] emotional; passionate; extremely hot; ardent

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gaunt

answer

[adjective] thin; bony; lanky

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infiltrate

answer

[verb] slip, creep into; penetrate

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nullify

answer

[verb] invalidate; annul

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perceptible

answer

(adjective) cabaple of being grasped by the senses or mind

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plummet

answer

[verb] to plunge straight down [noun] a weight fastened to a line

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proclaim

answer

[v.] to declare publicly or officially

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proxy

answer

[n.] an agent, substitute; a written permission allowing one person to act in another's place

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rankle

answer

[v.] to cause anger, irriation, or bitterness [with the suggestion that the pain grows worse with time]

question

scavenger

answer

n. a person who collects or removes usable items from waste meterials; an animal that feeds on refuse or dead bodies

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stint

answer

[verb] to limit; restrict; scrimp [noun] a limit or restriction

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stoical

answer

[adjective] self-controlled; impassive

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unflagging

answer

v. tireless, continuing with vigor

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apt

answer

(adj.) suitable, fitting, likely; quick to learn

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awry

answer

(adj., adv.) in a turned or twisted position or direction; wrong, out of the right or hoped-for course

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bludgeon

answer

(n.) a short club used as a weapon; (v.) to strike with a heavy club; to use force or strong arguments to gain some point

question

capitulate

answer

(v.) to end resistance, give up, surrender, throw in the towel

question

chafe

answer

(v.) to warm by rubbing; to wear sore by rubbing; to feel annoyance or dissatisfaction, annoy, irk; to strain or press against; (n.) a sore or injury caused by rubbing

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defile

answer

(v., trans.) to make unclean or dirty, destroy the purity of; (v., intrans.) to march in a single line or in columns; (n.) a narrow passage; gorge, canyon

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dire

answer

(adj.) dreadful, causing fear or suffering; warning of trouble to come; demanding immediate action to avoid disaster

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disarming

answer

(adj.) charming, tending to get rid of unfriendliness or suspicion

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disgruntled

answer

(adj., part.) in bad humor, discontented, annoyed

question

encroach

answer

(v.) to advance beyond the usual or proper limits, trespass

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endow

answer

(v.) to furnish, equip, provide with funds or some other desirable thing or quality

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fend

answer

(v.) to ward off, resist; to get along, manage

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impunity

answer

(n.) freedom from punishment

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mien

answer

(n.) air, manner; appearance; expression

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penal

answer

(adj.) having to do with punishment

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pertinent

answer

(adj.) related to the matter at hand, to the point

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predominant

answer

(adj.) the greatest in strength or power; most common

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prodigy

answer

(n.) something wonderful or marvelous; something monstrous or abnormal; an unusual feat; a child or young person with extraordinary ability or talent

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recluse

answer

(n.) a person who leads a life shut up or withdrawn from the world

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renown

answer

(n.) fame, glory

Vocabulary workshop Level C: Unit 1-9 – Flashcards

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