Vocabulary Answers – Flashcards
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| Double Displacement Reaction |
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| Cations and anions of two different compounds switch places. AD + BC → AC + BD |
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| Dissociation |
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| The process by which the action of a solvent or a change in physical condition, as in pressure or temperature, causes a molecule to split into simpler groups of atoms, single atoms, or ions. |
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| Single Displacement Reaction |
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| An element or ion moves out of one compound and into another. A + BC → AC + B |
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| Electrolysis |
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| Chemical change, especially decomposition, produced in an electrolyte by an electric current. |
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| Hydrocarbon |
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| Any of a class of organic compounds composed only of carbon and hydrogen. |
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| Insoluble |
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| A substance incapable of being dissolved. |
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| Ionization |
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| The process by which an electron is removed from an atom, molecule, or ion. |
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| Net Ionic Equation |
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| Chemical equation for a reaction which lists only those substances participating in the reaction. |
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| Percent Yield |
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| (Actual Yield / Theoretical Yield) x 100 |
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| Precipitate |
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| A solid material that is formed in a solution by chemical reactions and settles to the bottom of the container in which the reaction takes place. |
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| Reactant |
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| A substance participating in a chemical reaction, especially a directly reacting substance present at the initiation of the reaction. |
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| Product |
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| A substance that forms as a result of a chemical reaction. |
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| Soluble |
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| A substance capable of being dissolved. |
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| Subscript |
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| Represents the number of atoms of each element in the molecule. |
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| Synthesis |
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| Formation of a compound from simpler compounds or elements. A + B → AB |
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| Avogadro's Number |
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| 6.02 x 10^23 |
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| Excess Reagent |
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| A substance in a reaction that doesn't limit the product that is produced. |
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| Limiting Reactant |
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| Substance that determines how far the reaction will go before the chemical in question gets used up, causing the reaction to stop. |
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| Molar Mass |
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| Mass of one mole of a substance (chemical element or chemical compound) |
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| Mole |
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| The SI base unit that measures an amount of substance. 6.02 x 10^23 |
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| Mole Ratio |
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| A portion of a chemical from a known portion of another. |
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| Percent Composition |
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| (Mass Of Compound) / (Molar Mass of Compund) x 100 |
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| Alpha Particles |
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| Two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium nucleus. |
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| Anion |
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| A negatively charged ion. |
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| Atom |
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| The smallest unit of an element. |
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| Average Atomic Mass |
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| The average of the atomic masses of all the chemical element's isotopes, weighted by isotopic abundance |
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| Atomic Number |
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| Represents the number of protons in an element. |
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| Bohr |
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| Scientist depicted the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons that travel in circular orbits around the nucleus. |
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| Cation |
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| A positively charged ion. |
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| Charge |
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| Positive, Negative or Neutral Charge of an Ion. |
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| Electron |
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| A negatively charged subatomic particle. |
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| Electron Configuration |
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| The orbital and spin arrangement of an atom's electrons, specifying the quantum numbers of the atom's electrons in a given state. |
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| Energy Level |
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| Level of orbital that an electron is located. |
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| Excited State |
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| Electrons moving to a higher energy that results in formation of light. |
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| Ground State |
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| The state of least possible energy in a physical system. |
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| Ion |
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| Atoms that either gained or lost electrons. |
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| Isotope |
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| Atoms that have the same number of protons but different number of neutrons. |
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| Neutron |
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| An atom that has no charge and is located in the nucleus. |
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| Nucleus |
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| The positively charged central region of an atom, composed of protons and neutrons. |
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| Orbital |
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| The wave function of an electron in an atom or molecule, indicating the electron's probable location. |
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| Percent Abundance |
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| The abundance of the weight of the isotopes in an element. |
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| Proton |
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| A positively charged subatomic particle that is located in the nucleus. |
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| Valence Electrons |
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| Electrons that are located in the oouter most energy level. |
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| Actinide Series |
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| A series of radioactive metallic elements in Group 3. |
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| Atomic Radius |
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| Half the distance between the nuclei of two like atoms. |
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| Alkali Metals |
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| Elements that are located in Group 1. |
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| Alkali Earth Metals |
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| Elements are are located in group 2 |
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| Electronegativity |
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| The ability of an atom in a molecule to attract electrons toward itself. |
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| Family |
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| A group of elements with similar chemical properties. |
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| Period |
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| Elements forming one of the horizontal rows in the periodic table. |
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| Halogen |
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| Elements located in Group 17 of the periodic table. |
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| Ionization Energy |
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| The amount of energy needed to remove an electron from a given kind of atom or molecule. |
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| Lanthanide Series |
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| The set of chemically related elements with properties similar to those of lanthanum. |
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| Melting Point |
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| The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid at standard atmospheric pressure. |
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| Metallic Character |
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| Chemical properties associated with metals. Shiny, Conductor, Malleable. |
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| Noble Gas |
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| Elements located in Group 18 of the periodic table. |
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| Oxidation Number |
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| Numerical charge on the ions of an element. |
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| Group |
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| Vertical Elements in the periodic table that share the same elemental properties. |
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| Periodic Law |
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| The principle that the properties of the elements recur periodically as their atomic numbers increase. |
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| Precipitate |
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| Solid substance that is seperated in a solution. |
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| Thermal Conductivity |
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| The ability of a material to transfer heat. |
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| Transition Metal |
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| Metals that are located in the middle of the periodic table. |
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| Trend |
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| The general direction in which a characteristic of an element goes. |
