Visualizing Technology Exam 1 – Flashcards
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The_____ is a measure of a computer's ability to display intelligent behavior.
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Turing test
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First-generation computers used _____ to process data.
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Vacuum tubes
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A _____ is a complex integrated circuit that contains the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer
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Microprocessor
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What is the binary code that can represent most currently used language characters and is the standard used on the Internet?
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Unicode
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What are desktop computers attached to a network in a business setting called?
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Workstations
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What type of portable computer is thin and light, has high-end processing and video capabilities, and a 13-15 inch screen?
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Subnotebook
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_____ consists of 24 satellites that transmit signals to determine the receiver's current location, time, and velocity through triangulation of the signals.
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GPS
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_____ perform complex mathematical calculations, such as those used in weather forecasting and medical research.
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Supercomputers
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______ is a field of study in which information technology is applied to the field of biology.
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Bioinformatics
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A(n) _____ is an example of convergence.
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Smartphone
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Computers convert data into information using the Information Processing Cycle.
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True
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Third-generation computers used vacuum tubes.
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False
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Today's computers use transistors and integrated circuits.
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False
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Moore's Law states that the number of transistors that can be placed on an integrated circuit will double roughly every 18 years.
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False
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Unicode contains codes for most of the languages in use today.
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True
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Bioinformatics allows you to design a workspace for your comfort and health.
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False
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All-in-one is another name for a tablet computer.
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False
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Users connect to servers via clients.
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True
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Volunteer computing projects harness the idle processing power of hundreds or thousands of personal computers.
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True
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The idea that computers are all around us is called convergence.
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False
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A computer is a programmable machine that converts raw _____ into useful _____.
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data, information
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The _____ was a mechanical computer designed, but not built, in the early 19th century by mathematician Charles Babbage.
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Analytical Engine
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_____ is the branch of science concerned with making computers behave like humans.
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Artificial intelligence
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Developed in the 1960s, _____ are chips that contain large numbers of tiny transistors fabricated into a semiconducting material called silicon.
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Integrated circuits
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_____ design creates a work environment designed to reduce illnesses and musculoskeletal disorders.
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Ergonomic
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_____ is a system that represents digital data as a series of 0s and 1s that can be understood by a computer.
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Binary code
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A _____ consists of 8 bits and is used to represent a single character in modern computer systems.
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Byte
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_____ are computers that provide services, such as Internet access, email, or file and print services, to client systems.
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Servers
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_____ shares the processing of a task across a group of computers.
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Distributed computing
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A _____ is a network for delivering electricity to consumers that includes communication technology to manage electricity distribution efficiently.
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smart grid
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Which application would be the best choice for creating a budget?
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Spreadsheet
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Software that has the source code published and made available to the public—enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it without paying a fee—is called _____ software.
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Open Source
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Which object displays selected information?
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Report
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_____ is an online alternative to office application suites.
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GoogleDrive
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_____ software helps you manage email, calendars, and tasks.
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Personal Information Management
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Programs that can run from a flash drive are known as _____.
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Portable Apps
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The system requirements for software include the _____.
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Amount of free drive space, amount of RAM, and operating system version
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_____ can be used for a limited period that allows the user to try it out before purchasing a license.
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Shareware
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Which cloud computing service enables a company to use servers in the cloud instead of purchasing and maintaining them?
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IaaS
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A(n) _____ is a large, planned software update that addresses multiple problems, or adds multiple features.
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Service Pack
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In a business environment, Microsoft Excel is the most popular spreadsheet application.
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True
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A field is the intersection of a row and a column in a spreadsheet.
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False
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Apache OpenOffice can open and work with documents created in Microsoft Office.
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True
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Documents created with a word processor can also contain images.
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True
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A project management system enables a company to save, share, search, and audit electronic documents throughout their life cycle.
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False
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A Gantt chart shows the schedule and progress of a project.
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True
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If your computer doesn't meet the minimum system requirements for a piece of software, it will probably still run on your system.
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False
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Trialware is a form of freeware where the developers accept donations, either for themselves or for a nonprofit organization.
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False
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Web mail is an example of PaaS.
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False
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It is generally safe to download mobile apps from unknown sources.
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False
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A _____ is an application that creates electronic worksheets composed of rows and columns.
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Spreadsheet
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A _____ is a row of data in a database table that describes a particular entry in the database.
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Record
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A _____ is a database object used to enter data into a database table.
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Form
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A _____ is used to save, share, search, and audit electronic documents throughout their life cycle.
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document management system (DMS)
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_____ software has its source code published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it.
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Open source
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_____ are the minimum hardware and software specifications required to run a software application.
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System requirements
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_____ is a form of freeware where the developers accept donations, either for themselves or for a nonprofit organization.
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Donationware
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The license agreement between the software user and the software publisher is the _____.
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EULA (end-user license agreement)
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Part of cloud computing, _____ is the delivery of applications—or web apps—over the Internet.
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Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
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A _____ is a flaw in software programming.
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Bug
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The sequence of folders to a file or folder is known as its _____.
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Path
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Which part of a File Explorer window contains commands to open and close the windows, as well as access to system Help?
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File Tab
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What tool is used to find and organize files on a Mac?
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Finder
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What isn't a legal Windows file name?
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homework:ch_03.xlsx
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Which file extension indicates a Word document?
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.docx
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The backup utility included with Windows is called _____.
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File History
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Which type of image uses lossy compression to reduce file size?
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JPG
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Which search utility is included on a Mac?
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Spotlight
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Which Boolean operator excludes certain words from the search results?
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NOT
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What is the default program association for JPG files on a Windows computer?
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Photos
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Folders are containers that are used to organize files on your computer.
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True
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Folders within folders are also called paths.
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False
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The folder structure created by Windows is a library.
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False
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Windows File Explorer is a tool used to navigate the Internet.
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False
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You can change some of the properties of a file.
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True
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If you change the file extension of a file, you may be unable to open it.
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True
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The Finder is a tool used in OS X to work with files and folders.
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True
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A file compressed with a lossless compression algorithm can be decompressed to its original form.
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True
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Searching using the Boolean operator AND limits the search results.
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True
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The default program that opens a file can't be changed.
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False
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The processes of opening, closing, saving, naming, deleting, and organizing digital files are collectively called _____.
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File management
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The folder structure created by Windows is a _____.
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Hierarchy
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A _____ is used to gather files that are located in different locations on a Windows computer.
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Library
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The second part of the file name is the _____, which is assigned by the program that is used to create a file.
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File extension
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A _____ is information about a file, such as authors, size, type, and date, which can be used to organize, sort, and find files more easily.
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File property
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You should regularly _____ your files for ease of recovering files in case of computer damage.
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Back up
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An _____ is a procedure for solving a problem.
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Algorithm
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Windows maintains an _____ of common files on your computer to speed up searching.
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Index
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The _____ AND, OR, and NOT are used to create search filters.
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Boolean operators
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The _____ is the program that's associated with a particular file type that automatically opens when a file of that type is double-clicked.
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Default program
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A compact desktop computer with the system unit integrated into the monitor.
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All-in-one Computer
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A mechanical computer designed, but not built, in the early 19th century by mathematician Charles Babbage that could be programmed using punch cards.
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Analytical Engine
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The branch of science concerned with making computers behave like humans.
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Artificial Intelligence
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An 8 bit binary code set with 256 characters.
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ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)
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A system that represents digital data as a series of 0s and 1s that can be understood by a computer.
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Binary Code
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A number system that has only two digits, 0 and 1.
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Binary (base 2) number system
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The application of information technology to the field of biology.
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Bioinformatics
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A binary digit; the smallest unit of digital information.
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Bit
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Consists of 8 bits and used to represent a single character in modern computer systems.
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Byte
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The brain of a computer, housed inside the system unit on the motherboard. It consists of two parts: the arithmetic logic unit and the control unit.
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Central Processing Unit (CPU)
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A computer that connects to, or requests services from, another computer called a server.
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Client
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A programmable machine that converts raw date into useful information.
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Computer
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The integration of technology on multifunction devices such as smartphones.
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Convergence
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A type of notebook computer that has a screen that can swivel to fold into what resembles a notepad or tablet.
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Convertible Notebook
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The unprocessed, or raw, form of information.
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Data
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A personal computer that fits into a workspace such as a desk or counter.
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Desktop Computer
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Processing of a task that is distributed across a group of computers.
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Distributed Computing
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A specialized computer found in ordinary devices, such as gasoline pumps, supermarket checkouts, traffic lights, and home appliances.
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Embedded Computer
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The first working, digital, general-purpose computer.
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ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer)
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A large computer that can perform millions of transactions in a day.
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Enterprise Server
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The study of the relationship between workers and their workspaces.
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Ergonomics
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A type of input device that is used to interact with video games.
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Game Controller
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An electronic scavenger hunt plated around the world. Geocachers hide geocaches and post GPS coordinates on the internet.
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Geocaching
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A system of 24 satellites that transmit signals that can be picked up by a receiver on the ground and used to determine the receiver's current location, time, and velocity though triangulation of the signals.
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GPS (Global Positioning System)
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The efficient and eco-friendly use of computers and other electronics.
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Green Computing
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Distributed computing using a group of computers in one location.
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Grid Computing
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The processed, useful form of data.
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Information
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The process a computer uses to convert data into information. The four steps are input, processing, storage, and output.
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Information Processing Cycle (IPC)
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A chip that contains a large number of tiny transistors that are fabricated into a semiconducting material called silicon.
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Integrated Circuit
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The connection of the physical works to the internet. Objects are tagged and can be located, monitored, and controlled using small embedded electronics.
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Internet of Things (IoT)
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A portable personal computer, also referred to as a notebook.
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Laptop
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A personal computer manufactured by Apple. Also referred to as a Macintosh.
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Mac
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A large multi-user computer that can perform millions of transactions in a day.
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Mainframe
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A complex integrated circuit that contains the central processing unit of a computer.
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Microprocessor
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A server used to perform complex calculations, store customer information and transactions, or host an email system for an organization .
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Midrange Server
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The smallest multiuser computer. Users connect to via dumb terminals, which have no processing capabilities of their own.
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Minicomputer
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A program that extends the functionality of a mobile device.
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Mobile Application (mobile app)
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An observation made by Gordon Moore in 1965 that the number of transistors that can be placed on an integrated circuit had doubled roughly every two years.
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Moore's Law
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A system that allows multiple, simultaneous users to connect to it, allowing for centralized resources and security.
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Multiuser Computer
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A lightweight, inexpensive notebook computer designed primarily for internet access with built in wireless capabilities, a small screen, and limited computing power and storage.
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Netbook
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A portable personal computer. Also referred to as a laptop.
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Notebook
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System software that provides the user with an interface to communicate with the hardware and software on a computer. Also manages system resources.
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Operating System (OS)
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A small microprocessor based computer used by one person at a time.
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Personal Computer (PC)
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A stiff piece of paper that conveys digital information by the presence or absence of holes.
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Punch Card
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A multiuser computer system that runs a network operating system and provides services such as internet access, email, or file and print services to client systems.
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Server
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A home appliance that monitors signals from the power company, and when the electric grid system is stressed, can react by cutting back on power consumption.
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Smart Appliance
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A network for delivering electricity to consumers that includes communication technology to manage electricity distribution efficiently.
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Smart Grid
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A house that uses automation to control lighting, heating and cooling, security, entertainment, and appliances.
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Smart Home
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A special pen-like input tool that enables you to write directly on a touch screen.
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Stylus
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A notebook computer that is thin and light and that has high end processing and video capabilities.
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Subnotebook
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A very expensive and powerful computer system that is used to perform complex mathematical calculations, such as those used in weather forecasting and medical research.
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Supercomputer
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A handheld mobile decide that falls somewhere between a computer and a smartphone.
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Tablet
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A tiny electric switch used in second generation computers.
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Transistor
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A machine that can perform mathematical computations.
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Turing Machine
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A measure of a computers ability to display intelligent behavior.
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Turing Test
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Technology that recedes into the background and becomes part of the environment.
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Ubiquitous Computing (ubicomp)
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An extended ASCII set that is the standard on the internet and includes codes for most of the worlds written languages, mathematical systems, and special characters. It has codes for more than 100,000 characters.
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Unicode
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Broad-spectrum ideas meant to produce buildings, products and environments that are inherently accessible to older people, people without disabilities, and people with disabilities.
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Universal Design
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A drone, or other aircraft without a human pilot on board.
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Unmanned Aircraft System (UAS)
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A tube that resembles an incandescent light bulb and was used in first generation computers
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Vacuum Tube
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A computer that is designed primarily for playing games.
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Video Game System
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A form of distributed computing that relies on the processing power of hundreds or thousands of volunteers personal computers.
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Volunteer Computing
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A computer worn on the body.
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Wearable
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A high-end desktop computer or one that's attached to a notwork in a business setting.
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Workstation
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A program that performs a useful task for the user, such as productivity, entertainment, and education software.
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Application Software
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A flaw in software programming.
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Bug
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The intersection of a row and a column on a spreadsheet.
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Cell
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Another term fir the Internet.
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Cloud
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A type of computing that moves processing and storage off your desktop and business hardware and puts it in the cloud on the internet.
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Cloud Computing
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A company that provides cloud computing services: IaaS, SaaS, and PaaS.
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Cloud Service Provider (CSP)
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A collection of information that is organized in a useful way.
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Database
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Software tat enables a company to save, share, search, and audit electronic documents throughout their life cycle.
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Document Management System (DMS)
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A form of freeware where the developers accept donations, either for themselves or for a nonprofit organization.
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Donationware
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A license agreement between a software user and the software publisher.
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EULA (End-User License Agreement)
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A single piece of information in a record in a database.
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Field
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A database object used to enter data into a database table.
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Form
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Software that can be used at no cost for an unlimited period of time.
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Freeware
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In project management, a chart that shows the schedule and progress of a project.
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Gantt Chart
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A software update that addresses an individual problem when it is discovered. Also called a patch.
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Hotfix
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Part of cloud computing: the use of Internet based servers.
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Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS)
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A suite of productivity applications integrated into a single package.
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Office Application Suite
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Software that has its source code published and made available to the public, enabling anyone to copy, modify, and redistribute it without paying fees.
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Open Source
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A software update that addresses an individual problem when it is discovered. Also called a hotfix.
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Patch
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A program used to manage email. calendars, and tasks that is often part of an office suite.
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Personal Information Manager (PIM)
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Part of cloud computing: an online programming environment used to develop, deploy, and manage custom web applications.
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Platform-as-a-Service
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An application that can run on all modern personal computing systems.
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Platform Neutral
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Application software that can run from a flash drive.
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Portable Apps
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An application designed to help complete projects, stick to a budget, stay on schedule, and collaborate with others.
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Project Management Software
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A database object that pulls out records that meet specific criteria.
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Query
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A row of data in a database table that descries a particular entry in the database.
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Record
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A database object that displays data from a table or a query in a format that is easy to read and print.
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Report
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The user pays a fee to use the software.
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Retail Software
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A large planned update that addresses multiple problems or adds multiple features and includes previous patches and hotfixes.
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Service Pack
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Software offered in trial form or for a limited period that allows the user to try it our before purchasing a license.
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Shareware
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Part of cloud computing: the delivery of applications over the internet.
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Software-as-a-Service (SaaS)
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An application that creates electronic worksheets composed of rows and columns. Used for mathematical applications.
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Spreadsheet
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The minimum hardware and software specifications required to run a software application.
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System Requirements
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A database object in which data is stored and arranged in columns and rows.
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Table
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An application that is used to create, edit, and format text documents. They can also contain picture images.
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Word Processor
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A set of steps to solve a problem.
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Algorithm
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The process of copying files to another location for protection.
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Back Up
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A term (AND, OR, or NOT) that degines the relationship between words or groups of words and is used to create a search filter.
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Boolean Operator
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Another term for the internet.
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Cloud
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The process of making files smaller to conserve disk space and make the files easier to transfer.
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Compression
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The program that's associated with a particular file type and that automatically opens when a file of that type is double clicked.
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Default Program
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The window you use to navigate the file system and work with files, libraries, or folders on a Windows computer.
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File Explorer
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The second part of a file name.
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File Extension
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The process of opening, closing, saving, naming, deleting, and organizing digital files.
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File Management
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The property of a file that's used to identify it using a name and file extension.
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File Name
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Information about a file which can be used to organize, sort, and find files more easily.
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File Property
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The tool you use to work with files and folders in OS X.
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Finder
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A container used to store and organize files on a table.
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Folder
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The folder structure created by an operating system in which there are folders within folders, known as sub folders or children.
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Hierarchy
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A cloud storage and sync service from Apple.
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iCloud
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A list that Windows maintains that contains information about the files located on your computer to improve search speed.
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Index
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A tool used to gather files that are located in different locations on a Windows computer.
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Library
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A compression algorithm that looks for redundancy in a file and creates an encoded file by removing redundant information. When the file is decompressed, all the information from the original file is restored.
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Lossless Compression
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A compression algorithm used on files that contain more information that humans can typically detect, and that information is removed from the file. It is not possible to fully decompress this file, as the information has been removed from the file.
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Lossy Compression
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Free online storage associated with a Microsoft Account.
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OneDrive
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The sequence of folders to a file or folder.
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Path
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The search tool in OS X.
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Spotlight
