Visual Perception Frame of Reference – Flashcards
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the ability to interpret and use what is seen
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Visual perception
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a mental process involving cognition; it gives meaning to the visual stimulus (involved in definition of visual perception)
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Interpretation
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cognitive process that changes as a function of learning, labeling, and experience
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Perception
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What is the highest level on the hierarchy of visual perceptual skill development?
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Adaptation
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What is the lowest level on the hierarchy of visual perceptual skill development?
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Oculomotor control, visual fields, visual acuity
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efficient eye movement; ensures the scan path is accomplished
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Oculomotor control
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registers the complete visual scene
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Visual fields
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ensures the visual information sent to the CNS is accurate
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Visual acuity
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the thoroughness of the scan path that depends on alertness/attention to the task
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Visual attention
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pattern recognition dependent on organized, thorough scanning of the visual environment
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Scanning
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ability to retain information for recall
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Visual memory
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integrates visual information and integrates it with other senses to problem-solve, formulate plans, and make decisions
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Visual cognition
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able to make changes to accommodate visual input
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Adaptation
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first part of information processing -environmental stimuli
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Input
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second part of information processing -visual receptive skills + visual cognitive skills
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Processing
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last part of information processing -observable output skills
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Output
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VISUAL RECEPTION (oculomotor control) -focus on stationary object
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Fixation
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VISUAL RECEPTION (oculomotor control) -focus on moving object
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Pursuit
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VISUAL RECEPTION (oculomotor control) -fixate from one object to another rapidly (gaze shift)
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Saccadic eye movements
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VISUAL RECEPTION -fine details of objects
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Accuity
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VISUAL RECEPTION -focus on varying distances; compensate for blurred images
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Accommodation
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VISUAL RECEPTION -combines images from 2 eyes into 1
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Binocular vision
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VISUAL RECEPTION -depth perception
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Stereopsis
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VISUAL RECEPTION -bring eyes in/out
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Convergence/divergence
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VISUAL RECEPTION -awareness of physical space
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Visual field
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Part of the FOR that involves oculomotor control, acuity, accommodation, binocular fusion, and convergence
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Visual Reception
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VISUAL COGNITIVE SKILLS -the ability to attend to visual stimuli -includes alertness, selective attention, vigilance, and divided attention
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Visual attention
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VISUAL COGNITIVE SKILLS (visual attention) -needed for learning
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Alertness
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VISUAL COGNITIVE SKILLS (visual attention) -being able to screen out irrelevant information
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Selective attention
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VISUAL COGNITIVE SKILLS (visual attention) -focus on 2 stimuli at once
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Divided attention
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VISUAL COGNITIVE SKILLS -integrating visual processing information with past experience -includes short term, long term, and sequential subtypes
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Visual memory
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VISUAL COGNITIVE SKILLS (visual memory) -memory of images, events, and facts
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Domain specific
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VISUAL COGNITIVE SKILLS (visual memory) -memory store for "how to," and includes strategies for accomplishing a task
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Procedural knowledge
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VISUAL COGNITIVE SKILLS -the ability to detect distinctive features of a visual stimulus and distinguish whether it is different from or same as others -requires recognition, matching, and sorting
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Visual discrimination
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VISUAL DISCRIMINATION -concerned with what things are (type of visual perception)
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Object perception
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VISUAL DISCRIMINATION -being able to identify where things are in space (type of visual perception)
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Spatial perception
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VISUAL DISCRIMINATION (object perception) -recognition that forms and objects remain the same in various environments, positions, and sizes
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Form constancy
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VISUAL DISCRIMINATION (object perception) -the identification of forms or objects from incomplete presentations
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Visual closure
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VISUAL DISCRIMINATION (object perception) -seeing objects within busy backgrounds
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Figure-ground
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VISUAL DISCRIMINATION (spatial perception) -determination of the spatial relationship of figures and objects to oneself or other forms and objects
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Position in space
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VISUAL DISCRIMINATION (spatial perception) -the analysis of forms and patterns in relation to one's body and space; helps judge distances
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Spatial relations
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VISUAL DISCRIMINATION (spatial perception) -the determination of relative distance between objects/figures and the observer and changes in planes of surfaces
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Depth perception (stereopsis)
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VISUAL DISCRIMINATION (spatial perception) -how to get to objects (e.g. routes, maps)
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Topographic orientation
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FUNCTION/DYSFUNCTION CONTINUA -child not scanning, but will instead tilt/turn their head, turn their page, use their finger to follow when reading, lose place, complain of blurry words, squinting, misalign letters
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Visual reception
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FUNCTION/DYSFUNCTION CONTINUA -child is easily distracted, focus on irrelevant information, fatigue easily, poor attention to detail, and poor handwriting
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Visual cognitive
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FUNCTION/DYSFUNCTION CONTINUA -child has trouble recognizing words and numbers, letter and number reversals, difficulty finding sleeves in all white/black shirt, could easily become lost, over or under spacing with handwriting, write really big or really small
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Visual discrimination skills
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Name the 4 theoretical approaches to intervention
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Neurophysiologic, skill development, compensatory, optometry
