Visual Anatomy & Physiology Chapter One Review Questions – Flashcards
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All living things perform what same functions?
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Respond, Adapt, Grow, Develop, Reproduce, Move
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Anatomy means
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Study of the structure of the body
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Physiology means
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Study and focus on functional properties and anatomical structures
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Small organisms
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transfer energy & waste across exposed surfaces
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Larger organisms
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Must perform digestion, respiration, excretion, and circulation
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Macroscopic anatomy
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Study of large structures and features that can be seen with the unaided eye
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Microscopic anatomy
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Study of structures that cannot be seen without magnification
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Specific functions are performed by
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specific structures
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Chemical Level
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Atoms combine to make molecules,
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Cellular Level
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Cells are the SMALLEST LIVING units in the body. cells are made up of molecules (organelles)
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Tissue Level
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a group of cells working together to perform specific functions, example cardiac tissue
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Organ Level
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composed of 2 or more tissues working together to perform specific functions.
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Organ system level
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Consists of interacting organs. example, heart works with blood vessels and blood to form cardiovascular system
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Organism Level
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Highest level of organization Collection of organ systems working together to maintain life and health
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Cell Theory
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Building blocks Come from pre-existing cells Smallest structural units
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Histology
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The study of tissues
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Four Primary tissue types
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Epithelial Connective Muscular Neural
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Integumentary System
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Protects body from environment, and control body temperature
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Skeletal System
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Provides Support, Protection, Stores minerals, Forms blood cells
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Muscular System
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Provides Movement, Support, Generates Heat
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Nervous System
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Provides rapid control and regulation Coordinates activities of other organ systems
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Endocrine System
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Secretes chemical messengers Directs long-term changes in other systems
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Cardiovascular System
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Carries chemicals, cells, dissolved materials to all parts of the body
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Lymphatic System
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Defends body against infection Returns tissue fluids to bloodstream
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Respiratory System
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Delivers air to gas exchange sites in lungs Produces sound
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Digestive System
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Processes food and absorbs nutrients Excretes wastes
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Urinary System
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Eliminates excess water, salts, and wastes
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Reproductive System
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Provides for the continuity of life Produces sex cells and hormones
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Homeostatic Regulation
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Physiological adjustment to preserve homeostasis in variable environments
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Feedback
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The stimulation of a receptor triggers response that changes environment at that receptor
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Negative feedback
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Effector opposes the original stimulus Minimizes change Primary mechanism of homeostatic regulation in the body example, body temperature
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Positive feedback
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Stimulus produces a response that exaggerates or enhances the original change. Tends to produce extreme responses Does not restore homeostasis
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History of anatomical terminology
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Based on latin or greek words
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Anatomical position of the body
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Standing up Hands at the sides Palms facing forward Feet together and facing forward Eyes facing forward
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Abdominopelvic Quadrants
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Formed by pair of imaginary perpendicular lines that intersect at navel Used to describe locations of patient pains, aches, or injuries
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Sectional Planes
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Used to describe specific points of reference
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Frontal/Coronal Plane
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divides anterior from posterior
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Sagittal Plane
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Divides right from left
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Transverse/horizontal Plane
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Divides superior from inferior
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Body Cavities
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Interior of the Body is subdivided into regions established by the body wall
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True body cavities are lined by
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Serous membrane
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The Diaphragm separates
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The Thoracic cavity and the Abdominopelvic cavity
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Thoracic Cavity
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Deep in the chest wall Two pleural cavities Mediastinum
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Mediastinum
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contains connective tissue and the pericardial cavity contains the heart
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Pleural Cavities
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lined by pleura contains the lungs
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Abdominopelvic cavity
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contains the abdominal cavity and the pelvic cavity lined with peritoneum
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Abdominal Cavity
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Contains many digestive glands and organs
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Pelvic Cavity
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Contains urinary bladder, reproductive organs, and last portion of the digestive tract
