Virology – Microbiology Test Answers – Flashcards
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| cytomegalo |
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| herpes |
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| EBV |
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| herpes |
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| varicella-zoster |
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| herpes |
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| hepatitis B |
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| hepadna |
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| papilloma |
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| papova |
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| BK/JC polyomavirus |
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| papova |
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| erythema infectiosum |
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| parvo |
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| transient aplastic anemia crisis |
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| parvo |
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| vaccinia |
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| pox |
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| molluscum contagiosum |
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| pox |
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| polio |
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| picorna |
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| coxsackie A/B |
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| picorna |
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| hepatitis A |
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| picorna |
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| echo |
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| picorna |
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| rhino |
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| picorna |
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| norwalk virus |
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| calici |
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| hepatitis E |
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| calici |
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| rota virus |
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| reo |
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| WEE, EEE, VEE |
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| toga |
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| rubivirus |
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| toga |
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| yellow fever |
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| flavi |
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| st. louis encephalitis |
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| flavi |
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| hepatitis C |
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| flavi |
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| california encephalitis |
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| bunya |
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| japanese encephalitis |
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| flavi |
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| rift valley fever |
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| bunya |
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| sandfly fever |
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| bunya |
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| influenza |
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| orthomyxo |
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| parainfluenze |
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| paramyxo |
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| respiratory syncytial virus |
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| paramyxo |
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| mumps |
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| paramyxo |
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| measles |
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| paramyxo |
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| rabies |
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| rhabdo |
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| marburg |
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| filo |
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| ebola |
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| filo |
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| lymphocytic choriomeningitis |
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| arena |
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| lassa |
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| arena |
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| HTLV |
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| retro |
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| CD14 |
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| Macrophages |
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| CD19 |
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| B-cells |
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| CD20 |
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| B-cells |
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| CD21 |
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| B-Cells |
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| CD16 |
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| NK cells |
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| CD56 |
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| NK cells |
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| IL-7 |
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| trigger specialization to lymphoid stem cells (T and B cells) |
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| IL-3 |
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| Trigger specialization to myeloid cell line |
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| CD3 |
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| Costimulator with TCR and zeta chains |
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| tdt |
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| adds random nucleotides into heavy chain. marker for T and B cell development in lymphoblastic leukemia. N-nucleotide additions |
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| omenn syndrome |
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| missense mutation in the rag genes. disallows recombination of B and T cell (no B and low amount of T)-->Similar to SCID, but less severe (nonsense) |
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| hapten |
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| baby antigen, too small to elicit an immune response |
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| IL-8 |
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| produced by macrophage, increases affinity of integrin on neutrophil during extravasation |
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| anaphlotoxins |
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| C5a, C3a |
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| opsinization |
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| C3b, IgG |
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| CD2 |
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| -binds to integrin (LFA-3) on APC to keep tight bind to allow for proper antigen presentation and signal transduction |
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| INF gamma |
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| -activates macrophages (makes angry) |
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| B7 |
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| on APC, binds to CD28 of T-cells to activate -also calledCD80, CD86 |
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| CD28 |
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| on T-cell, binds to B7 on B-cells to activate |
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| CD40/CD40L |
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| CD40 on B-cell binds to CD40L on T-cell to initiate class switching |
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| T-cell activation (3) |
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| CD4, CD28 (with B7), and IL-1 from macrophages |
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| IL-1 |
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| produced by macrophages to activate T-cells |
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| Th2 |
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| -promote humoral immunity -produce IL-4, IL-5 to promote class switching -IL-5 promotes IgA -produces IL-10 to shutdown Th1 |
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| Th1 |
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| -promotes cell-mediated immunity -activated by IL-12, IFN gamma -produces IFN gamma, IL-2 -IFN gamma activates macrophages and shuts down Th2 |
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| Th17 |
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| -activated by IL-17, does damage during autoimmune diseases |
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| papaine |
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| degrades Ab to Fc + Fab, cannot agglutinate |
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| pepsin |
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| -forms bivalent f(ab')2-can agglutinate antigen |
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| class switch to IgA |
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| IL-5 + TGF-beta |
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| class switch to IgE |
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| IL-4 + IL-13 |
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| CTL toxicity |
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| -perforin, proteases, apoptosis inducing cytokines -Fas ligand on T-cell binds to Fas on cells-initiates apoptosis |
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| NK cell activation |
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| IL-12, IFN alpha and beta |
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| killed vaccines |
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| RIPA Rabies Influenza Polio A Hepatitis |
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| live vaccines |
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| Mrr Vapsy Mumps, Measles Rota virus Rubella Varicella-Zoster Adenovirus polio Small pox Yellow fever Don't give to immunocompromised or pregnant Rota |
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| component vaccine |
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| hepatitis B, HPV |
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| DiGeorge Syndrome |
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| -failure of 3rd/4th pharyngeal pouch->no thymus or parathyroid->facial abnormality, only IgM because no T-cells |
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| Type I sensitivity |
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| immediate, IgE->mast cell degranulation -mass cells=tissue, basophils=blood, eosinophils=come in later, elicit damage -primary-already made, histamine, heparin -secondary- arachidonic acid-prostoglandins and luekotriens -allergic rhinitis, food allergies, wheal and flare, ashtma, systemic anaphalactic |
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| Type II sensitivity |
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| -IgM/IgG bind to tissue, compliment, inflammation, target self-tissue -graves, type II diabets, pernicious anemia, myasthenia gravis, hemolytic disease of newborn, good pasture syndrome, acute rhamatic fever |
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| Type III hypersensitivity |
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| Circulating immune complexes of IgM/IgG and antigen settle in tissue (kidney, lungs, vessels, joints)->complement and inflammation -systemic lupas erythemtosus, rheumatoid arthritis, poststeptococcal glomerulonephritis |
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| Type IV hypersensitivity |
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| delayed->CD4 Th1 activation against self -PPD test, contact dermatitis, multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, Guillian-barre, celiac disease |
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| graves disease |
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-type II, Ab stimulation of TSH->hyperthyroidism->thyrotoxicity -leading cause of hyperthyroidism in children and adolescents |
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| RNA replication in nucleus |
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| retro and orthomyxo |
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| reye's syndrome |
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| asprin taken with orthomyxo or varicella->head and liver |
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| segmented viruses |
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| -Reo (11), arena (2), bunya (3), orthomyxo (8) RABO |
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| syncytial viruses |
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| herpes, paramyxo, retro |
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| croup |
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| parainfluenza |
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| childhood pneumonia |
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| RSV-children, babies, preemies |
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| Koplik's spots |
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| -measles-oral lesions "grain of sand surrounded by an erythema"->leads to rash from ears down -rubella is forehead down |
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| subacute sclerosing panencephalitis |
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| SSPE- after initial measles infection cleas, slow mental deterioation |
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| cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, photophobia |
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| measles 3c's and p-->rash -coryza=head cold |
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| papilloma #s -wart strains -cancer strains -cancer mechanism |
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| warts- 6 and 11 cancer- 16 and 18 cancer- virus makes E6 and E7 proteins which interfere with tumor suppressor genes (p53 and Rb) |
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| condylomata acuminata |
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| genital warts |
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| progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy |
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| PML- JC polymavirus, immunocompromised->CNS and white matter damage, memory loss, poor speech, incoordination |
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| condylomata acuminata |
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| genital warts |
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| progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy |
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| PML- JC polymavirus, immunocompromised->CNS and white matter damage, memory loss, poor speech, incoordination |
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| epidemic keratoconjuncitivitis |
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| adeno, watery pink eye that can be associated with pharyngitis |
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| acute respirtatory disease |
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| adeno, army recruits-->pneumonia live, non attenuated vaccine given to avoid this |
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| acute hemoragic cystitis |
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| adeno, blood in urine |
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| TORCHES |
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| TO-toxoplasma R-rubella C-cytomegalo HE-Herpes, HIV S-syphilus |
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| rubella congenital defects |
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| -cataracts in utero, deafness, CNS, and heart problems |
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| break bone fever |
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| Dengue-severe headache, muscle and joint pain, fever (1st exposure)-->dengue hemmorhagic fever-hemorrhage and shock, especially in children, death in 10% (2nd exposure-increased immune response) |
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| hantavirus pulmonary syndrome |
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| -sin nombre virus, western states, massive pulmonary edema with sever leg pain-->death |
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| enteroviruses |
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| picorno-polio, coxsackie, echo-->fecal/oral-->invade enteric epithelia-->blood and organs (no gastroenteritis) -all can cause meningitis, cold, and rashes |
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| hand, food, and mouth |
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| -A16 strand of Coxsackie A->fever, oral vesicles, small tender lesions on hands, feet, and butt |
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| common cold |
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| human HMV, echo, but mostly corona and rhino |
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| myocarditis/pericarditis |
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| coxsackie B |
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| Bornholm's disease |
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| Coxsackie B devil's grip-inctercostal pain/fever |
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| cruise ship diarrhea |
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| norwalk "can walk"- norwalk, infants-rota virus |
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| SARS |
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| corona, spread by palm civets and raccoon dogs in china -fever, dry cough, chest pain, SOB->ARDs->death (8%) |
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| Dane particles |
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| detectable intact Hep B virus (Great Dane=big=B) |
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| gingiostomatitis |
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| -cold sores, HSV-1, painful swollen gums, can have fever too -latency in trigeminal nerve |
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| genital herpes |
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| -painful-->painless with scabbing (can resemble syphilus) -latency in sacral nerve ganglia |
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| tzank smear |
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| -positive test =syncytial cells |
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| viral encephalitis |
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| HSV1-leading cause in US-temporal lesions |
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| varicella |
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| -infects respiratory tract->2 week->blood->spleen/liver->blood->dorsal root ganglia for latency |
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| heterophile |
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| Abs produced by abnormal B-cells, cross react with Paul-Bunnel Ag positive=EBV negative=CMV |
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| immunocompromised CMV |
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| AIDs-RETINITIS, viremia, colitis Bone marrow-PNEUMONIA, viremia, colotis |
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| owl's eye inclusion |
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| CMV |
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| Downey cells |
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| abnomal T-cells in EBV trying to get rid of B-cell infection (70% of WBCs) |
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| Burkitt's lymphona |
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| B-cell lymphoma caused by EBV -in the jaw -increased in Africa, malaria is co-factor |
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| hairy oral leukoplakie |
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| -EBV |
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| Roseola |
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| -HHV-6 -respiratory virus, replicates in mononuclear cells -high high fever, goes away, then rash |
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| Kaposi's sarcoma |
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| HHV-8 -turns on VEGF->hyperproliferation of vascular-->nasty red/purple rash |
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| antibacterials avoided during pregnancy |
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| FCATS fluoroquinolone, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, sulfonamide |
