UWO Psych 101 Interim Exam 3 – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
type of research in which the same people are studied at various ages in thier lives to determine age related changes
answer
longitudinal design
question
type of research in which different people at different ages are studied to determine age related differences
answer
cross sectional design
question
your characteristics as referred to by heredity (genetically)
answer
nature
question
your characteristics as referred to by environmental influences
answer
nurture
question
the egg in a woman
answer
ovum
question
when pregnancy begins
answer
conception
question
fertilized egg
answer
zygote
question
weeks 2-8 in pregnancy
answer
embryonic stage
question
8 weeks-birth in pregnancy
answer
fetal stage
question
the study of behavior through genetics
answer
behavioral Genetics
question
the idea of injecting certain genes into people to give your baby the traits you want them to have
answer
Genetic Engineering/Therapy
question
alcohol, cigarettes, std's, x-rays are dangerous to this
answer
the fetus
question
actions include rooting, sucking, swallowing, startling, steping, etc.
answer
motor reflexes for newborns
question
conducted study on baby monkeys to see how they reacted to different types of affection
answer
Mary and Harry Harlow
question
distress that most children develop when they are separated from their parent
answer
seperation anxiety
question
type of attachment when a mother leaves a baby it cries, but then is happy when she returns
answer
secure attachment
question
type of attachment when a mother leaves a baby and a baby doesn't care
answer
avoidant attachment
question
type of attachment in which a baby is sad when a mother leaves but not happy when she returns
answer
anxious/ambivalent attachment
question
an active system that receives information from the senses, puts the info into a usable form and organizes it as it stores it away, then retrieves the info form storage
answer
memory
question
part of cognitive development around 2 months in which the baby will start to make vowel sounds
answer
cooing
question
part of cognitive development around 6 months when a baby can make consonant and vowel sounds and start to sound like words
answer
babbling
question
part of cognitive development around 1 year of age when the baby can begin to say words
answer
one word speech
question
part of cognitive development around 18-24 months . toddler will say short simple sentences
answer
telegraphic speech
question
four step Theory that As children develop, they must make constant mental adaptations to new observations and experiences.
answer
Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development
question
part of piaget's theory in which the baby uses concrete actions to learn about the world
answer
sensorimotor state (birth-2)
question
understanding something exists even when you can't see it or feel it
answer
object permanence
question
part of piaget's theory in which the use of symbols and language accelerates. Children at this stage lack the cognitive ability to understand abstract principles and mental operations.
answer
preoperational stage (2-7)
question
part of piaget's theory in which Children become capable of conservations and reversible thinking. Not able to deal with abstract concepts (Ex. Freedom).
answer
Concrete Operations Stage (7-12)
question
part of piaget's theory in which children become capable of abstract reasoning. able to reason about situations they have not experienced firsthand.
answer
Formal Operations stage (12- adulthood)
question
Period of development between puberty and adulthood
answer
adolescence
question
theory in which over time your cells stop repairing themselves as well. this leads to signs of aging
answer
cellular clock theory
question
theory that points to outside influences such as stress, physical exertion and bodily damage. Body organs and cell tissues wear out with repeated use
answer
wear and tear theory
question
theory that old people adjust more positively to aging when they remain active
answer
activity theory
question
intelligence that is deductive reasoning, the ability to use new information to solve problems
answer
fluid intelligence
question
intelligence that consists of knowledge and skills that are built up over a lifetime
answer
crystallized intelligence
question
denial anger bargaining depression acceptance
answer
five stages of reactions to death
question
stage of memory in which information enters the nervous system through the sensory system
answer
sensory memory
question
type of sensory memory in which someone asks you a question and you don't remember it for a second. Ex. "what?... oh yeah I want some"
answer
echoic sensory memory
question
memory system in which information is held for brief periods of time while being used. - memory is held for about 30 seconds, it is either stored in long term memory or the info is lost
answer
short term memory
question
part of the memory process in which you take information in
answer
encoding
question
part of the memory process that involves keeping memories in.
answer
storage
question
part of memory process in which you get the information out
answer
retrieval
question
stage of memory in which all information is to be kept more or less permanently. Hippocampus is highly involved in this process
answer
long term memory
question
long term memory that involves knowing how to do something
answer
procedural memories
question
memories knowing something is true
answer
declarative memories
question
type of memory that is conscious, intentional recollection of an event or information
answer
Explicit memory
question
memory in which you retrieve and reproduce information encountered earlier Ex. short term answers
answer
recall
question
memory in which you identify information you have previously observed. Ex. multiple choice exams
answer
recognition
question
A stimulus for remembering things.
answer
retrieval cues
question
part of serial position effect, remembering info that came first
answer
primacy effect
question
part of serial position effect, remembering info that came last
answer
recency effect
question
effect involved with remembering things. includes primacy and recency effect
answer
serial position effect
question
a memory so vivid that the event seems to be frozen in time, with all the details intact. despite their intensity, they are not always complete or accurate
answer
Flashbulb Memory
question
distinct pattern in which forgetting something is very common after the first hour of learning. lose 44% after one hour of hearing something
answer
Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve
question
forgetting- information is not attended to and fails to be encoded
answer
encoding failure
question
forgetting- information is remembered but not used so it is forgotten
answer
decay or disuse
question
forgetting- old information interferes with new information so you don't remember it
answer
proactive interference
question
forgetting- new info interferes with old information so you don't remember it
answer
retroactive interference
question
partial or complete loss of personal information as a result from a brain injury or brain disease
answer
Amnesia
question
disease that includes memory loss and overall decreased cognitive ability. NOT a normal part of aging. Not a cure for it
answer
Alzheimers
question
process by which activities are started, directed and continued so that physical or psychological needs and wants are met
answer
motivation
question
type of motivation in which a person does something because it leads to something they get for their action
answer
extrinsic motivation
question
type of motivation in which a person does something because it is rewarding or satisfying internally
answer
intrinsic motivation
question
approach to motivation that people are governed by instincts similar to that of animals such as eating, and reproducing
answer
instinct motivation
question
approach to motivation in which people use internal drives that arise from physiological needs.
answer
drive reduction motivation
question
approach to motivation in which people have a desired level of tension that they seek to maintain by lowering or raising stimulation
answer
arousal approach to motivation
question
approach to motivation that is a response to external stimulus and its rewarding properties. Ex. eating pie, even though you are full.
answer
incentive approach to motivation
question
basic requirements of human body. food water sex sleep
answer
physiological needs
question
desire of someone to feel safe
answer
safety needs
question
desire to give and receive affection and be in the company of others
answer
belongingness and love needs
question
desire for self confidence and sense of self worth
answer
esteem needs
question
desire to understand learn and explore things
answer
cognitive needs
question
desire of things being in symmetry, appreciation of beauty
answer
aesthetic needs
question
desire for self fulfillment
answer
self actualization needs
question
desire to help others achieve their goals
answer
transcendence needs
question
when a person is 20% heavier than the ideal body weight
answer
obesity
question
a condition where a person reduces eating to a point where they lose 15% of their bodies desired weight
answer
anorexia nervosa
question
a condition when someone eats then forces themselves to lose the weight
answer
bulimia
question
the "feeling" aspect of consciousness
answer
emotion
question
part of the brain largely involved in anger and fear
answer
amygdala
question
brain cells that fire when you see someone else carrying out an action. Ex. you think a spider is crawling on you after you see one
answer
mirror neurons
question
mimicking other peoples facial expressions and/or mood
answer
mood contagion
question
any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice
answer
learning
question
learning in which a person's environment determines behavior. people don't have free will
answer
behaviorism
question
learning process when an association is made between a previously neutral stimulus and a stimulus that naturally evokes a response
answer
classical conditioning
question
founding father of classical conditioning
answer
ivan pavlov
question
process that establishes or strengths a conditioned response
answer
acquisition
question
time difference between the CS and the UCS.
answer
latency
question
decrease of conditioned response
answer
Extinction
question
the extension of a conditioned response rom the training stimulus to similar stimulus
answer
stimulus generalization
question
being able to differentiate between two conditioned stimuli because they produce different outcomes
answer
stimulus discrimination
question
stimulus that elicits a response without training Ex. food
answer
unconditioned stimulus
question
stimulus that creates a response when paired with a UCS. Ex. sound of a bell
answer
conditioned stimulus
question
voluntary behavior and the effects of consequences on the behavior
answer
operant conditioning
question
if the outcome of an action is pleasurable, it will tend to be repeated and vice versa
answer
law of effect
question
this person insisted thoughts and feelings cannot be explained
answer
B.F. Skinner
question
neihter increases or decreases the probabablity that the response will reoccur.
answer
neutral consequence
question
strengthens the response and makes it more likely to reoccur
answer
reinforcement
question
weakens response adn makes it less likely to reoccur
answer
punishment
question
type of punishment in which you remove the pleasurable stimulus. Ex. losing your liscense
answer
punishment by removal
question
type of punishment that you create an unpleasant stimulus. Ex. spanking a child
answer
punishment by application
question
an operant conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced
answer
shaping
question
learning that remains hidden until its application becomes useful
answer
latent learning
question
learning by which others do and what happens to them for doing it
answer
observational learning
question
this person believed that people go through 8 stages of emotional crisis in their lives
answer
erik erikson
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New