US History Unit 1 Study Guide – Flashcards
Unlock all answers in this set
Unlock answersquestion
Virginia Company
answer
A joint-stock company based in Virginia in 1607. founded to find gold and a water way to the Indies: allowed for all Englishmen to have the same life in the New World as they had in England. 3 of their ships transported the people that would found Jamestown
question
Tobacco
answer
Primary staple crop of early Virginia, Maryland, and North Carolina. It is the leading cause of premature death and cancer in the United States
question
Powhatan
answer
Chief of the Powhatan Confederacy and father of Pocahontas. At the time of the English settlement of Jamestown in 1607, he was a friend to John Smith and John Rolfe. When Smith was captured by Indians, Powhatan left Smith's fate in the hands of his warriors. Pocahontas saved John Smith and the whole Jamestown colony. Pocahontas and John Rolfe were wed, and there was a time of peace between the Indians and English until Powhatan's death
question
House of Burgesses
answer
The first representative assembly in the New World. It was established in Virginia in 1619, and set up by England to make laws and levy taxes. England could veto its legistlative acts. Other colonies adapted it later
question
Bacon's Rebellion
answer
A rebellion lead by Nathaniel Bacon with backcountry farmers to attack Native Americans in efforts to gain more land. Afterwards, slavery became more common in the colonies
question
Slavery
answer
The practice of being owned by another person and being made to work without pay
question
Middle Passage
answer
The journey of slaves from Africa to the Americas. It was called Middle Passage because it was the middle portion of the triangular trade route
question
Colombian Exchange
answer
The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world after Columbus's voyages. Took place between Europe, Asia, Africa and America
question
Christopher Colombus
answer
"In 1492, Colombus sailed the ocean blue." he was a Spanish explorer who discovered the New World. This allowed Europeans to further explore the new world, colonize, create trade routes and more
question
Triangular Trade
answer
{the transatlantic trading network} A three-way system of trade during 1600-1800s. Slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, England, Europe, the West Indies, and the colonies in the Americas
question
Quebec
answer
First permanent French settlement in North America, founded by Samuel de Champlain
question
Town Meetings
answer
A purely democratic form of government in the colonies, and the most prevalent form of local government in New England. In general, the town's voting population would meet once a year to elect officers, levy taxes, and pass laws
question
Puritans
answer
A group of religious people who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay
question
New England Colonies Economy
answer
Based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and, eventually, manufacturing
question
Middle Colonies Economy
answer
cash crop, carpentry, milling, lumbering, manufacturing, mining
question
Southern Colonies Economy
answer
depended on agriculture, small farms and large plantations, slaves were main source of labor
question
Ben Franklin
answer
highly respected scientist, diplomat, leader. one of the wealthiest men in Pennsylvania. helped found UPENN, served as agent in London and Pennsylvania, became convinced the colonies needed to revolt. he served as ambassador to France during the war, helped write the declaration of independence, constitution, and helped negotiate the peace treaty ending the revolution
question
The Great Awakening
answer
Major religious revival started in the 1730s. Led by Jonathan Edwards to return to Puritanism, increased overall religious involvement, and gave women more active roles in religion
question
Half-Way Covenant
answer
Puritan church document established in 1662 that allowed partial membership rights to people not yet converted into the Puritan church; It lessened the difference between the "elect" members of the church from the regular members
question
Mayflower Compact
answer
a document written by the Pilgrims in 1620 establishing themselves as a political society and setting guidelines for self-government
question
King Phillip's War
answer
War between the Native American tribes (Pequat, Narragansett, Wampanoag, Nipmuk) of New England and British colonists. took place from 1675-1676. The war was the result of tension caused by encroaching white settlers. King Philip lead the natives and the war ended Indian resistance in New England
question
New Amsterdam
answer
a settlement established by the Dutch near the Hudson River and the southern end of Manhattan Island. Present day New York city
question
Founding of Rhode Island
answer
Roger Williams was the founder. He established this colony after being banished for disagreeing with the Puritans. He believed everyone should have religious freedom
question
John Smith
answer
English explorer who helped found and govern Jamestown. His leadership and strict discipline helped the Virginia colony get through the difficult first winter
question
Salem Witch Trials
answer
1629 outbreak of witchcraft accusations (mainly against women) in a puritan village. Marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria and stress
question
Royal Colony
answer
A colony under direct control of the king
question
Massachusetts Colony
answer
One of the first settlements in New England; established in 1630 and became a major Puritan colony
question
Jonathan Edwards
answer
American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed religious interest in America (1703-1758). Wrote "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"
question
Mercantilism
answer
an economic system to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests. The main idea was that a country should sell more goods (to other countries) than what it buys
question
Spanish Conquest
answer
the conquering of the Native Americans by the Spanish
