US History Test 2 Critical Analysis – Flashcards
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George Washington
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Saved his army from destruction, President of the Constitutional Convention, President of the US
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Patrick Henry
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"Give me liberty of give me death!" Anti-Federalist
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James Madison
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"Father of the Constitution" Writes the VA Plan, Bill of Rights, most of the Constitution, takes a lot of notes at the Constitutional Convention
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Thomas Jefferson
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Declaration of Independence, Stature of Religious Freedom, later becomes leader of Democratic-Republican Party
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John Jay
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Writes Jay's Treaty, slows British to participate in fur trade in America
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Benjamin Franklin
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Ambassador to France, convinces the French to enter the Revolutionary War
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John Locke
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Natural rights of "life, liberty, and property, Jefferson includes his ideas in the Declaration of Independence
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Thomas Paine
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Wrote Common Sense, Jefferson also includes his ideas in the Declaration of Independence
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Articles of Confederation
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1777
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Constitution initially passes Congress
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1787
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Constitution is ratified
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1789
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Treaty of Paris
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1783
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Revolutionary War
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1776-1783
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Stamp Act
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1775
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Lexington and Concord
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1775
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Boston Massacre
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1770
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Yorktown
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1781
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Bill of Rights
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1791
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Neutrality
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You don't get involved, stay out of the war, US position on French Revolution
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Salutary Neglect
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England ignored her colonies and let them govern themselves
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Mercantilism
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The colonies exist for the good of the Mother Country (IE America for Britain)
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Townshend Acts
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Taxes all of the major items that they use, lead, paint, tea, paper, goods, etc.
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1st Continental Congress
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Georgia isn't there petitions the king with a list of grievances
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2nd Continental Congress
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Olive Branch Petition, pass the Declaration of Independence, and Articles of Confederation, appoint Washington General
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Constitutional Convention
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Originally tries to reform the Articles of Confederation, but ends up creating the Constitution
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Patriots
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Loyal to America, colonists
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Neutrals
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Not loyal to anyone, wait and see who wins so they can benefit economically
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Loyalists
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Loyal to England and the King
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Minutemen
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Patriots/colonists, ready to fight at a moment's notice
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Bunker Hill
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1st Battle in the War, Colonist lose, but make a stand
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Lexington and Concord
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Battle before the war, 1st shots are fired between minutemen and the British
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"Shot heard round the world"
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Lexington and Concord
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Saratoga
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Colonist win this battle, turning point in the war
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Nullification
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Idea that states can void federal law, you don't have to follow federal law if you are a state
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Alien Acts
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Must live in America for 14 years to be a citizen, and the President can throw you in jail or out of the country if you are considered a threat.
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Sedition Acts
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You can be fined or thrown into jail for criticizing the government
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Federal Judiciary Act of 1787
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Creates the Court system, Supreme Court with 6 justices
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Article 6
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Constitution is the Supreme law of the land
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Bank of the US
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Hamilton's plan for a national bank (Federalist idea)
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Whiskey Rebellion
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PA farmers revolt over tax on whiskey, George Washington crushes the revolt with 15,000 troops (which shows the strength of the federal government)
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Cabinet
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Advises the President
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Kentucky and Virginia Resolves
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Madison and Jefferson will say that the Alien and Sedition Acts are Unconstitutional.
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Separation of Powers
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Each branch has its own set of powers that the others can't get involved in (3 branches)
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Check and Balances
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Says that each branch can monitor the other branches
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Virginia Plan
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Bicameral legislature (2 houses), 3 branches of government, created by Madison
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The Great Compromise
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Each state gets 2 senators, House of Representatives is determined by population
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3/5 Compromise
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Slaves count as 3/5 of a person when it comes to population so that the South can have a larger representation in congress
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Ratification
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9 out of 13 states are needed to ratify
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Federalist Papers
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Federalists like Hamilton, Madison, and Jay write essays to convince people to adopt and ratify the Constitution
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VA Statue of Religious Freedom
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Thomas Jefferson, says no church can run the government, freedom of religion
