US History I – Midterm Review Vocabulary – Flashcards
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Stamp Act
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required colonists to purchase special stamped paper for every legal document, newspaper, or pamphlet
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Samuel Adams
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founder of the Sons of Liberty
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Townshend Acts
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indirect taxes on imported materials like glass, lead, and paint
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Boston Massare
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small battle between a few colonists and British guards (resulted in the death of Crispus Attucks)
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Committees of Correspondence
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used to communicate with other colonies about threats to American liberties
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Boston Tea Party
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colonists revolted by dressing up as Indians and dumping 18,000 pounds of tea into the Boston Harbor
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King George III
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king of England
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Intolerable Acts
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one law shut down the Boston Harbor, another ordered quartering to be legal
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Marial Law
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rule imposed by the military
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Minutemen
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civilian soldiers
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Second Continental Congress
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a group that discussed and represented the people
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Olive Branch Petition
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urged an immediate return to the former harmony between Britain and the colonies
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Common Sense
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a pamphlet, written by Thomas Paine, that explained the people's complaints with King George III
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Thomas Jefferson
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a virginia lawyer who was chosen to express the commitee's points in the Declaration of Independence
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Declaration of Independence
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document that described the people's rights
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Patriots
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people that were supporters of Independence
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Loyalists
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those who opposed independence and remained loyal to the Crown
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Valley Forge
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the site of the Continental Army's camp during the winter of 1777-1778
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Trenton
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location where the Continental Army attacked and killed 30 Hessians and held 918 captive
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Saratoga
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where General Burgoyne surrendered his battered army to General Gates on October 17, 1777
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Inflation
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rising prices
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Yorktown
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location of the British surrender on October 19, 1781
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Marquis de Lafayette
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french military leader that helped out with the wars in the US
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Friedrich von Steuben
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a prussian military drillmaster that made the Continental Army into a stronger fighting force
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Treaty of Paris
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confirmed U.S. independence and set the boundaries of the new nation
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Republic
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a government in which citizens rule through their elected representatives
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Articles of Confederation
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set of laws in which state governments were supreme in some matters while the national government was supreme in other matters
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Land Ordinance of 1785
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established a plan for surveying the land
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Northwest Ordinance of 1787
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provided a precedure for dividing the land into territories
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Shay's Rebellion
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the protest of farmers because of their debt problems
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James Madison
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called a meeting to discuss issues of interstate trade
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Great Compromise
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offered a large two-house Congress to satisfy both small and big states
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Three Fifths Compromise
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called for three-fifths of a state's slaves to be counted as population
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Federalism
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a system of government that divided power between national government and state governments
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Legislative Branch
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branch of government that makes laws
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Executive Branch
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branch of government that carrys out laws
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Judicial Branch
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branch of government that interprets the law
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Checks and Balances
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governmental system that prevents one branch from dominating the others
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Electoral College
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group of electors chosen by the states that would cast ballots for the candidates
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Ratification
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official approval
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Federalists
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supporters of the Constitution
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Antifederalists
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group who did not support the Constitution because they opposed having such a strong central government
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Bill of Rights
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a list of amendments, or rights, that were guaranteed to citizens of the U.S.
