question

Civil Works Administration (CWA)

answer

1933 hire four million unemployed workers, terminated in 1934; enabled men to get jobs repairing typewriters and sewing machines

question

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

answer

known popularly as FDR, 2 term governor of New York and distant cousin of Theodore Roosevelt; beat Hoover by 23 million to 16 million votes; "can-do" attitude; Election of 1932 - inaugurated in March 1933, 4 months after election - stricken with polio paralyzed from the waist down

question

Election of 1932

answer

FDR vs. Hoover; FDR wins by large majority; -senate Democrats claimed 2/3 majority -3/4 seats of the house -greatest Democratic victory since before the Civil War

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20th amendment

answer

-moved inauguration date from March after presidential election held in November to January -ratified February 1933 and did not apply to 1932 presidential election

question

Brain Trust

answer

FDR advisers that were professors, lawyers and journalists who started working before he was inaugurated to come up with policies for his new administration

question

New Deal

answer

phrase taken from a campaign speech in which "Roosevelt had promised "a new deal for the American people."; FDR's program designed to alleviate the problems of the Great Depression - Focused on 3 goals 1. relief for the needy 2. economic recovery 3. financial reform

question

the Hundred Days

answer

lasted from March 9, 1933 to June 16, 1933 -Congress passed more than 15 major pieces of New Deal legislation -these laws and others that followed greatly increased the Fed. Govts. role in the nation's economy

question

Eleanor Roosevelt

answer

-niece of Theodore Roosevelt and distant cousin of her husband Franklin D. Roosevelt - presented booklet on human rts. to United Nations in 1958 -outspoken on controversial subjects such as child welfare, housing reform, and equal rts. for women

question

bank holiday

answer

-declared by FDR on March 5, one day after taking office to close banks to keep people from withdrawing any more $ since people had lost faith in the banking system

question

Emergency Banking Relief Act

answer

- authorized the Treasury Dept. to inspect the country's banks - banks that were sound could immediately reopen -banks that were insolvent -unable to pay their debts- would remain closed - banks that needed help could receive loans - this measure restored public confidence in banks

question

fireside chats

answer

-FDR's first radio talk about public concerns took place on March 12, 2015 -1st chat explained why the nation's welfare depended on public support of the govt. and the banking system "When you deposit money into a bank the bank does not put the money in a safe deposit vault. It invests your money...A comparatively small part of the money that you put in the bank is kept in currency --an amount which in normal times is wholly sufficient to cover the cash needs of the average citizen." FDR; when too many people demand their savings in cash, banks would fail, not b/c they were weak but could not meet such heavy demands - therefore many Americans returned their savings to banks

question

Glass-Stegall Act of 1933

answer

established the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

question

Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC)

answer

established by the Glass-Stegall Act in 1933 -provided federal insurance for individual bank accounts up to $5,000 -reassured millions of Americans that their $ was safe -required banks to act cautiously with their customer's money

question

Federal Securities Act of 1933

answer

-passed in May 1933 to regulate the stock market -required corporations to provide complete information on stock offerings and made them liable for any misrepresentation -June 1934, Congress created the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to regulate the stock market

question

Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

answer

-created June 1934 -created to regulate the stock market -one goal of the SEC was to prevent people with inside information from "rigging" the stock market for their own profit

question

Regulation of alcohol

answer

-FDR persuaded Congress to approve a bill allowing the manufacture and sale of some alcoholic beverages for the purpose of raise govt. revenues by taxing alcohol

question

21st ammendment

answer

-by end of 1933 repealed prohibition altogether

question

Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

answer

-sought to raise crop prices by lowering production, which the govt. achieved by paying farmers to leave a certain amount of every acre of land unseeded -theory was that reduced supply would boost prices -in come cases the govt. paid farmers to plow under cotton fields or slaughter pics -govt. paid cotton growers $200 million to plow under 10 million acres -govt. paid hog farmers to slaughter 6 million pigs - policy upset many people who thought it was criminal to destroy food when so many people were going hungry - it did help raise farm prices and put more $ in farmers' pockets

question

Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) 1933

answer

-est. May 1933 -renovating 5 existing dams and constructed 20 new ones, created 1000s of jobs, and provided flood control, hydroelectric power, and other benefits to an impoverished region

question

2 examples of New Deal Rural Assistance

answer

1. Agricultural Adjustment (AAA)- plan to reduce supply to boost prices 2. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)

question

2 examples of Providing Work Projects

answer

1. Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) 2. Public Works Administration (PWA) created in June 1933 by the National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

question

Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)

answer

-provided almost 3 million men aged 18-25 with work and wages between 1933 and 1942 -men lived in work campus under a strict regime; the majority of the camps were racially segregated - by 1938, CCC had 11% African-American enrollment - planted over 3 billion trees - developed over 800 state parks - built more than 46,000 bridges

question

National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)

answer

-created Public Works Administration (PWA) in June 1933 -provided $ to states to create jobs in construction of schools and other public buildings - when it failed to make a sufficient dent in unemployment, FDR established the Civil Works Administration (CWA) in Nov. 1933 -sought to promote industrial growth by establishing codes of fair practice for individual industries - created the National Recovery Administration (NRA) - section of the NIRA guaranteed worker's right to unionize and to bargain collectively

question

Civil Works Administration (CWA)

answer

-established by FDR in Nov. 1933 - provided 4 million immediate jobs during the winter of 1933-1934 - some critics claimed programs were "make-work" projects and a waste of $ - built 40,000 schools and paid salaries of more than 50k teachers in America's rural areas -built more than half a million miles of roads

question

National Recovery Administration (NRA)

answer

-set prices of many products and established standards -aim of NRA was to promote recovery by interrupting the trend of wage cuts, falling prices, and layoffs

question

Gardiner C. Means

answer

attempted to justify the NRA -said the NRA was created in response to an overwhelming demand from many quarters that certain elements in the making of an industrial policy ....should no longer be left to the market place and the price mechanism but should be placed in the hands of administrative bodies"

question

Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC)

answer

provided govt. loans to homeowners who face foreclosure because they couldn't pay their loan payments

question

1934 National Housing Act

answer

1. created Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

question

Federal Housing Administration (FHA)

answer

established by the 1934 National Housing Act -agency continues to furnish loans for home mortgages and repairs today

question

Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)

answer

-was founded with $500million to provide direct relief for the needy - 1/2 of the money was given to the states as direct grants-in-aid to help furnish food and clothing to the unemployed, the aged and the ill - rest of the money was given to states to support work relief programs - for every $3 within the state program, FERA donated $1 -led by Harry Hopkins

question

Harry Hopkins

answer

leader of the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) - believed whereas $ helped people buy food, meaningful work enabled them to gain confidence and self-respect -

question

Deficit spending

answer

spending more $ than the govt. receives in revenue - FDR believed it was a necessary evil to be used only in a time of great economic crisis

question

Growing opposition to the New Deal

answer

-began in some parts of the population - the New Deal did not end the depression - liberal critics believed the New Deal did not go far enough to help the poor and reform the nation's economic system - conservatives believed that acts such as the Agricultural Adjustment Act and the National Industrial Recovery Act gave too much control to the federal govt. - many believed the New Deal interfered with the workings of a free-market economy

question

Supreme Court reacts to New Deal

answer

-2 supreme court decisions in 1935 and 1936 1. striking down the NIRA as unconstitutional- declaring that the law gave the legislative powers to the executive branch and that the enforcement of industry codes within states went beyond the federal government's constitutional powers to regulate interstate commerce 2. struck down the AAA on the grounds that agriculture is a local matter and should be regulated by the states rather than by the federal govt.

question

How does FDR react to his fears that the Supreme Court might dismantle the New Deal?

answer

-Feb. 1937 proposes that Congress enact a court-reform bill to reorganize the federal judiciary and allow him to appoint 6 new supreme court justices (greatly opposed by congress and the press) - many people believed FDR was violating principles of judicial independence and separation of powers - FDR got to appoint new liberal justices because one elderly justice retired in 1937 and over the next 4 yrs, FDR was able to appoint 7 new justices

question

Hugo S. Black

answer

liberal judge appointed by FDR in 1937 to replace an elderly judge who resigned -appointment shifted the balance of the court so that rulings of the court began to favor the New Deal

question

NLRB vs. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp.

answer

-1936, the Jones and Laughlin Steel Corporation was charged with intimidating union organizers and firing several union members -the National Labor Relation Board (NLRB) found the company guilty of "unfair labor practices" and ordered it to rehire the workers with back pay RULING: Supreme Court ruled that Congress had the power to regulate labor relations and confirmed the authority of the NLRB/Wagner Act -Jones and Laughlin Steel argued that its manufacturing business did not involve interstate commerce-- it operated a plant and hired people locally - the Supreme Court disagreed-- stating that production itself may occur within one state, it said, production is a part of the interstate "flow of commerce" -if labor unrest at a steel mill would create "burdens and obstructions" to interstate commerce, then Congress has the power to prevent labor unrest at the steel mill

question

1935 National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act)

answer

congress claimed its authority to regulate labor relations came from the commerce clause of the Constitution;

question

What was the historical impact of the Wagner Act?

answer

protection that labor unions gained made them grow quickly -union membership among non-farm workers grew from around 12% in 1930 to around 31% by 1950 - increase helped improve the economic standing of many working-class Americans in the years following WWII -Jones and Laughlin greatly broadened Congress's power to control large corporations and holding companies doing business in many states -Congress gained the power to regulate anything "essential or appropriate" - for example laws barring discrimination in hotels and restaurants rests on the court's allowing Congress to decide what is an "essential or appropriate" subject of regulation

question

United States V. Lopez (1995)

answer

Supreme Court struck down a law that banned people from having a handgun near a school; the Court said Congress was not justified in basing this law on its power to regulate interstate commerce (recent change in ruling by the supreme court regarding congress's power to regulate from the more liberal rulings during FDR's time)

question

American Liberty League

answer

3 fiery critics (conservatives) of the New Deal who banded together -believed New Deal violated respect for the rights of individuals and property

question

3 men who expressed views that appealed to poor Americans that criticized FDR

answer

1. Charles Coughlin -Roman Catholic Priest in Detroit 2. Dr. Francis Townsend - physician and health officer in Long Beach, California 3. Senator Huey Long- Louisiana

question

Charles Couglin

answer

Roman Catholic Priest from Detroit who broadcast radio sermons that combined economic, political and religious ideas who initially supported the New Deal but turned against FDR - he favored a guaranteed annual income and the nationalization of banks - became increasingly anti-semitic (Jewish) cost him his popularity

question

Dr. Francis Townsend

answer

Long Beach California -physician and health officer who believed FDR wasn't doing enough to help the poor and elderly so he devised a pension plan that would provide monthly benefits to the aged

question

Senator Huey Long

answer

-Louisiana -early on supported the New Deal - turned against FDR eager to win presidency himself -proposed a nationwide social program called "Share-Our-Wealth" under the banner "Every Man a King" promising something for everyone -was assassinated

question

Chief Justice Charles Evan Hughes

answer

in NLRB v. Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp. 1937 -"Long ago we ... said ... that a single employee was hopeless in dealing with an employer; that he was dependent ... on his daily wage for maintenance of himself and family; that, if the employer refused to pay him the wages that he thought were fair, he was ... unable to leave the employ and resist arbitrary and unfair treatment; that union was essential to give laborers opportunity to deal on and equality with their employer

question

New Deal Employment Projects- List 6 and what they did

answer

1. Civilian Conservative Corps (CCC) - provided jobs for single males on conservation projects 2. Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA) - Helped states to provide aid for the unemployed. 3. Public Works Administration (PWA) - Created jobs on govt. projects 4. Civil Works Administration (CWA) - Provided work in federal jobs 5. Works Progress Administration (WPA) - Quickly created as many jobs as possible - from construction jobs to positions in symphony orchestras 6. National Youth Administration (NYA) - Provided job training for unemployed young people and part-time jobs for needy students

question

New Deal Business Assistant and Reform - List 6 and what they did

answer

1. Emergency Banking Relief Act (EBRA) - Banks were inspected by Treasury Dept. and stable banks reopened 2. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) - Protected bank deposits up to $5,000. (Today up to $250,000) 3. National Recovery Administration (NRA) - Established codes of fair competition 4. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) - Supervised the stock mkt and eliminated dishonest practices such as insider trading 5. Banking Act of 1935 - created 7-member board to regulate the nation's money supply and the interest rates on loans 6. Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act (FDC) - Required manufacturers to list ingredients in foods, drugs, and cosmetic products.

question

New Deal Farm Relief and Rural Development (List 3 and tell what they did)

answer

1. Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)- Aided farmers and regulated crop production 2. Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) - Developed the resources of the Tennessee Valley 3. Rural Electrification Administration (REA) - Provided affordable electricity for isolated rural areas

question

New Deal Housing (List 3 and tell what they did)

answer

1. Home Owners Loan Corporation (HOLC) -Loaned money at low interest to homeowners who could not meet mortgage payments 2. Federal Housing Administration (FHA) - Insured loans for building and repairing homes 3. United States Housing Authority (USHA) - Provided federal loans for low-cost public works

question

New Deal Labor Relations (List 2 and tell what they did)

answer

1. National Labor Relations Board (NLRB)/Wagner Act - Defined unfair labor practices and established the National Labor Relations Board to settle disputes between employers and employees 2. Fair Labor Standards Act - Established a minimum hourly wage and a maximum number of hours in the workweek for the entire country. Set rules for the employment of workers under 16 and banned hazardous factory work for those under 18.

question

New Deal Retirement (List 1 and tell what it did)

answer

1935 - Social Security Administration - Provided a pension for retired workers and their spouses and aided people with disabilities

question

The 2nd 100 Days

answer

-Roosevelt saw that more needed to be done b/c unemployment remained high and production still lagged behind levels of the 1920s

question

Elanor Roosevelt

answer

FDR's wife -social reformer who combined her deep humanitarian impulses with great political skills -reminded FDR about the suffering of the American people -urged FDR to appoint women to govt. positions

question

1936 presidential election

answer

FDR Democrat vs. Alred Land Gov. of Kansas Republican -FDR, and both dem house and dem senate won by overwhelmingly majority

question

John Steinbeck

answer

author of "GRAPES OF WRATH" - story about a tenant farmer and his family

question

Supreme Court and the 1935 Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)

answer

-early 1936 AAA struck down by Supreme court but congress replaced it with the Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act

question

Soil Conservation and Domestic Allotment Act

answer

Congress passed this to replace the AAA or Agricultural Adjustment after it was struck down by the Supreme Court - paid farmers for cutting production of soil depleting crops - rewarded farmers for practicing good soil conservation methods

question

2nd AAA 1938 Agricultural Adjustment Act

answer

-brought back many features of the 1st AAA - 2nd AAA did not include a processing tax to pay for farm subsidies that the Supreme Court had determined to be unconstitutional

question

Resettlement Administration

answer

-created by executive order in 1935 -provided monetary loans to small farmers to buy land - 1937 was replaced by the Farm Security Administration (FSA)

question

Farm Security Administration (FSA)

answer

-replaced the Resettlement Administration - loaned more than 1billion to help tenant farmers become landholders and established camps for migrant farm workers, who had traditionally lived in squalid housing - hired photographers like Dorothea Lange to document plight of migrant workers in America

question

Dorothea Lange

answer

photographer "Migrant Mother" used to promote awareness of terrible conditions for migrant workers -hired by the FSA (Farm Security Administration)

question

Works Progress Administration (WPA)

answer

-bet. 193-1943 spent $11 billion to give jobs to more than 8 million workers, most of them unskilled - 850 airports built -651,000 miles road were constructed or repaired -more than 125,000 public buildings put up - women made more than 300 million garments for the needy - employed many professionals who wrote guides to cities - employed many professionals who collected historical slave narratives -painted murals on school walls and other public buildings - performed in theatre troupes around the country

question

National Youth Administration (NYA)

answer

-created specifically to provide education, jobs, counseling, and recreation for young people - provided student aid to high school, college and graduate students -in exchange for aid, students worked in part-time positions at their schools -provided part-time jobs for graduates and drop out students who were unable to find a job (including working on highways, parks, and the grounds of public buildings)

question

Supreme Court and the NIRA (National Industrial Relations Act)

answer

-declared unconstitutional by Supreme Court in 1935 citing the federal govt. had violated legislative authority reserved for individual states - in second New Deal it was replaced with the passage of the National Labor Relations Act (NLRA) or WAGNER ACT

question

Wagner Act

answer

-reestablished the NIRA provision for collective bargaining -prohibited unfair labor practices such as threatening workers, firing union members, and interfering with union organizing - set up the NATIONAL LABOR RELATIONS BOARD (NLRB) to hear testimony about unfair practices and tho hold elections to find out if workers wanted union representation

question

1938 Fair Labor Standards Act

answer

-set max. work hours at 44 hrs./wk, decreasing to 40 hours after 2 yrs. -set min. wage at $.25/hr., increasing to $.40/hr by 1945 -set rules for employment of workers under 16 and banned hazardous work for those under 18

question

1935 Social Security Act

answer

-committee chaired by Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins - 3 major parts: 1. Old-age insurance for retirees 65 or older and their spouses (supplemental retirement plan) with 1/2 of funds coming from the worker and 1/2 from the employer 2. Unemployment compensation system - funded by a federal tax on employers but administered at the state level with initial pymts ranging from $15-$18/week 3. Aid to families with dependent children and people with disabilities - aid paid for by federal funds made available to the states (not a total pension system or complete welfare system, it did provide substantial benefit to millions of Americans)

question

Public Utility Holding Company Act of 1935

answer

took aim at financial corruption in the public utility industry - outlawed the ownership of utilities by multiple holding companies-- a practice known as the pyramiding of holding companies

question

Schechter Poultry Corp. V. United States 1935

answer

Supreme Court stuck down the National Industrial Recover Act (this was later replaced with the National Labor Relations Act)

question

New Deal Impact on Women

answer

-appts. to govt. positions 1. Frances Perkins - America's 1st Female Cabinet Member who became SECRETARY OF LABOR 2. appt. of 2 female diplomats 3. appt. of a female federal judge * Gallup poll taken in 1936 reported that 82% OF Americans believed a wife should not work outside the home if her husband had a job b/c women were taking away jobs from men 4. National Recovery Administration set wage codes with lower minimum wages for women than men 5. Civilian Conservation Corps hired only men

question

Frances Perkins 1882-1965

answer

1st Female Cabinet member appointed by FDR -Secretary of Labor who played major role in creating the Social Security System and supervised labor legislation -after witnessing the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire in 1911 she vowed to fight for labor reforms -changed her name from Fannie to Frances b/c she believed she would be taken more seriously in her work

question

A. Philip Randolph

answer

African American who organized the countries 1st all-black trade union, the BROTHERHOOD OF THE SLEEPING CAR PORTERS; his work and that of others laid the groundwork for what would become the civil rights movement

question

Mary McLeod Bethune

answer

African American woman educator appointed by FDR to head the DIVISION OF NEGRO AFFAIRS OF THE NATIONAL YOUTH ADMINISTRATION -worked to ensure that the NYA hired African-American administrators and provided job training and other benefits to minority students -organized a "BLACK CABINET" of influential African Americans to advise the Roosevelt Administration on racial issues - when AA singer Marian Anderson was not aloud to sing in the Daughters of the American Revolution Concert Hall in Washington D.C., Bethune made sure she sang on the steps of the LINCOLN MEMORIAL on Easter Sunday

question

African American Singer Marian Anderson

answer

-not allowed to sing in the Daughters of the Revolution Concert Hall in Washington D.C. b/c of her race - as result Eleanor Roosevelt resigned her membership - Mary McLeod Bethune made sure she sang on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial on Easter Sunday

question

Why was FDR never fully committed to civil rights for African Americans and how did he show this?

answer

-afraid of upsetting white Democratic voters in the South -refused to approve anti-lynching law and an end to the poll tax both of which were 2 key goals of the civil rights movement - # of New Deal agencies clearly discriminated against African Americans including the NRA, the CCC, and the TVA (these programs gave lower wages to African Americans and favored whites)

question

How did African Americans fight for their rights and to improve conditions that the New Deal ignored?

answer

1. 1934 organized the Southern Tenant Farmers Union 2. in North, the union created tenant's groups and launched campaigns to increase job opportunities

question

In general, what the response of most African Americans to FDR and the New Deal?

answer

generally saw FDR and his New Deal as their best hope for the future

question

How were Mexican Americans treated by the New Deal?

answer

-most were farm workers who saw their wages fall to $.09/hour; efforts to unionize were often met with violence from employers and govt. authorities; - CCC and WPA helped some Mexican Americans but discriminated against them by disqualifying their programs for migrant workers who had no permanent address

question

How were Native Americans treated by the New Deal?

answer

-received strong govt. support from the New Deal -1924 NA had received full citizenship by law -1933 FDR appointed John Collier as commissioner of Indian Affairs -1934 John Collier helped create the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

question

John Collier

answer

1933 appointed by FDR as Commissioner of Indian Affairs 1934 Indian Reorganization Act of 1934

question

1934 Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 (List 3 changes mandated by the act)

answer

-extreme change in govt. policy towards NA autonomy -helped to restore some reservation lands to tribal ownership 1. economic - NA lands would belong to the entire tribe; strengthened NA land claims by prohibiting the govt. from taking over unclaimed reservation lands and selling them to people other than NA 2. cultural - # of boarding schools for NA children was reduced, and children could attend school on the reservations 3. political - tribes were given permission to elect tribal councils to govern their reservations * some NA who valued their tribal traditions like the act others who had already become more Americanized as individual land owners from the Dawes Act, objected b/c they were tired of white people telling them what to do

question

New Deal Coalition

answer

created by FDR for alignment of diverse groups dedicated to supporting the Democratic party - included Southern Whites, various urban groups, African Americans, and unionized industrial workers -as a result the Democrats dominated national politics throughout the 1930s and 1940s

question

Union membership between 1933-1941

answer

-grew from less than 3 million to more than 10 million -esp. affected coal miners and workers in mass-production industries, such as the automobile, rubber, and electrical industries -struggle for dominance in the labor movement began to develop

question

Robert F. Wagner

answer

Democratic senator from New York who was especially interested in worker's welfare -introduce the National Labor Relations Act in Congress in 1935 (Became known as the Wagner Act)

question

Conflict in Struggle for Dominance in the Labor Unions starting during the New Deal

answer

1. American Federation of Labor (AFL) had traditionally been restricted to the craft unions, such as carpenters and electricians; most of the AFL leaders opposed industry-wide unions that represented all the workers in a given industry, such as automobile manufacturing 2. Opposition from Committee for Industrial Organization led by several key labor leaders in the AFL including John L. Lewis of the United Mine Workers of America and David Dubinsky of the International Ladies Garment Workers,

question

Congress of Industrial Organization (CIO)

answer

group led by John L. Lewis and David Dubinsky - originally the COMMITTEE FOR INDUSTRIAL REORGANIZATION -rapidly signed up unskilled and semi-skilled workers and within 2 yrs succeeded in gaining union recognition in the automobile and steel industries -kicked out of the AFL in 1938 and changed it's name to the CIO (Congress of Industrial Organization) - split between the AFl and CIO lasted until 1955

question

sit-down strike

answer

main tactic of labor unions during the 1930s -striking workers remained in the buildings keeping replacements from being able to come in and take over

question

1937 Republic Steel Strike/Memorial Day Massacre

answer

- happened on Memorial Day -10 people were killed and 84 wounded -shortly after the National Labor Board stepped in and required the head of Republic Steel to negotiate with the union

question

culture in the 1930s

answer

-approx. 65% population went to movies once a week -over 15,000 movie theaters nationwide -sales of radios went from just over 13 million in 1930 to 28 million in 1940 - almost 90% American households owned a radio

question

Clark Gable and Vivien Leigh

answer

starred in Gone With the Wind

question

Gone with Wind

answer

most famous film of the Depression Era 1939

question

Flying Down to Rio

answer

1933 light romantic comedy featuring Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers who went on to make many movies and become America's favorite dance partners

question

Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs

answer

1937 showcased the dazzling animation of Walt Disney

question

Monkey Business

answer

1931 comedy

question

Duck Soup

answer

1931 comedy starring the Marx Brothers

question

Little Caesar 1930 and The Public Enemy 1931

answer

Gangster movies depicting an environment where Americans were struggling to succeed in a harsh environment

question

Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936)

answer

directed by Frank Capra, presented the social and political accomplishments of the New Deal in a positive light

question

radio in the 1930s

answer

most direct contact with the American people - how FDR gave his Fireside Chats

question

Orson Welles

answer

actor, director, producer and writer whose live radio show "War of the Worlds" was broadcast over the radio -story about Martians invading the earth

question

Bob Hope, Jack Benny, and Burns and Allen

answer

comedians who moved from radio to network television during the 1930s

question

soap operas

answer

named because they were usually sponsored by soap companies - tended to play late morning to early afternoon for homemakers

question

Lone Ranger

answer

children's programming which usually aired later in the afternoon after soap operas after children came home from school

question

one of first worldwide radio broadcasts

answer

described for listeners the horrific crash of the Hindenburg, a German zeppelin on May 6, 1937

question

Federal Art Project

answer

-a branch of the WPA paid artists a living wage to produce public art - aimed to increase public appreciation of art and to promote positive images of American society

question

American Gothic/ Grant Wood

answer

painted by Grant Wood in 1930 -became one the most famous portrayals of life in the Midwest during the Great Depression; painted in the style known as regionalis, wood painted familiar subjects in realistic ways; the farmer and daughter painted were images of Wood's daughter and dentist

question

WPA's Federal Theater Project

answer

hired actors to perform plays and artists to provide stage sets and props for theater productions that played around the country

question

Woodie Guthrie

answer

-singer and songwriter who used music to capture the hardships of America -Dust Bowl Ballads -This Land is Your Land -had a major impact on the course of American folk music

question

WPA's Federal Writers' Project and Depression Era Books

answer

1. Saul Bello -gave future Pulitzer and Nobel Prize winner Saul Bellow his first writing job 2. Richard Wright- African American author of "Native Son" 3. Zora Neale Hurston - "Their Eyes Were Watching God " 1937 4. John Steinbeck - "The Grapes of Wrath" 1939- reveals the lives of Oklahomans who left the Dust Bowl and ended up in California, where their hardships continued 5. James T. Farrells - "Studs Lonigan" trilogy 1932-1935) provides bleak picture of working class Irish neighborhood of Chicago 6. Jack Conroy "The Disinherited" 1933 - violence and poverty of the Missouri coalfields, where Conroy's own brother and father died in a mine disaster 7. James Agee "Let Us Now Praise the Famous Men" 1941 - deals with the difficult lives of poor farmers but portrays the dignity and strength of the character in the people it presents

question

"Our Town" 1938

answer

play by Thornton Wilder captures the beauty of small town life in New England

question

what were the two extremes that FDR was able to strike a balance between?

answer

1. unregulated capitalism 2. overregulated socialism

question

What ultimately brought the USA out of the Great Depression?

answer

massive amount of spending by the federal govt. for guns, tanks, ships, airplanes, and all the other equipment and supplies the country needed for the WWII effort

question

What were lasting policies of the New Deal?

answer

1. protection of worker's rights - standards for wages and hours -banned child labor -ensure rts. of workers to organize and bargain collectively with employers - National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) est. in the Wagner Act still acts as a mediator in labor disputes between unions and employers 2. SEC created in 1934 still continues to monitor the stock market and to enforce laws regarding the sale of stocks and bonds 3. FDIC created by the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 has shored up the banking system by reassuring individual depositors that their savings are protected against loss in the event of a bank failure (today accts insured up to $250k) 4. FDIC, SEC, and Social Security - continue to stabilize the nation's finances and economy 5. established agricultural price supports set a precedent for federal aid to farmers that continued into the 2000s 6. Environmental Impacts - Civilian Conservation Corps planted trees, created hiking trails, built fire lookout towers; Soil Conservation Service - taught farmers how to conserve soil through contour plowing, terracing, and crop rotation; Taylor Grazing Act 1934 - helped reduce grazing on public lands; such grazing had contributed to conditions that led to the Dust Bowl; Tennessee Valley Authority - harnessed water power to create electricity and helped prevent disastrous floods; national parks were added and wildlife refuges set aside large wilderness areas

question

What were the lasting negative environmental impacts of the New Deal?

answer

-govt. sponsored strip-mining and coal burning caused air, land, and water pollution

question

List how different groups of people responded to the New Deal?

answer

1. brought hope and gratitude to those who benefited from its programs 2. brought anger and criticism from those who believed that it took more of their $ in taxes and curtailed their freedom through increased govt. regulation 3. deficit spending necessary to fund the New Deal programs grew immensely as the nation entered WWII

question

Commodity Credit Corporation

answer

as part of the second Agricultural Adjustment Act made loans to farmers based on a farmer's surplus crops and the PARITY price, a price intended to keep a farmer's income steday

question

parity

answer

a government supported level for the prices of agricultural products, intended to keep farmer's incomes steady

US History Chp 23 The New Deal – Flashcards

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