Us History chapter 11 and 12 test review – Flashcards
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Mud slinging
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Making malicious often untrue charges against an opponent
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Spoils System
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Practice of appointing people to government positions on the basis of party loyalty
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Pocket Veto
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Killing a bill by taking no action on it and waiting for congress to adjourn
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Nullification
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Making null and void federal laws calling for raising troops
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Compact
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Contract among the states
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platform
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Statement of Beliefs
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Lyceum
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Secondary school for students
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Abolitionist
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Person who favors the abolition of a practice or institution
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Underground Railroad
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Secret aid to escaping slaves that was provided by abolitionists
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Socialism
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the belief that means of production should be owned by society, not by private individuals. socialist believe that business competition and individual ownership of property caused poverty and inequality.
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People in the public that supported Jackson when he was running against John quincy Adams?
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Called themselves Democratic Republicans, or simply Democrats
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Pesident Adam's Supporters going against Jackson ?
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Called themselves Republicans
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Why was the election of 1828 significant in American History?
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For the first time, a candidate west of the Appalachians was elected, the rapid growth of the western states was swinging the political center of gravity away from the eastern sea board. Started to show a political split between the nations sections
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Jackson's most obvious trait?
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His Force of Will
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The Selection of president Jackson marked the first time in history of what?
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That a candidate of the People wins. Candidate who represented the common man. First candidate West of the Appalachians
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What did president Jackson symbolize?
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a growing power of democracy
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Trail of Tears
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Name given to the forced relocation and movement of Native american Indians
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Changes for Women during Jackson's presidency?
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First womans property Acts, womens rights to control property
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What did Emma Willard, Catherine Beecher, and Mary Lyon establish?
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First Female Academies
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Who introduced the Compromise Tariff Bill?
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Henry Clay
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What else did congress pass besides the Tariff of 1833
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The Force bill was passed the same day ast the tariff of 1833
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What issue caused a break between Andrew Jackson and John C Calhoun?
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Jackson discovered that years ealier Calhoun had wanted to have "old Hickory" censured for mistreatment of the Seminoles in Florida.
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Causes of the Panic of 1837, how did President Van Buren respond to it?
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He passed the Independent Treasury Act
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What did farmers tend to favor?
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Hard money
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The results of Specie Circular
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Stopped Land sales, eliminated easy credit, and set stage for a severe panic and depression in 1837
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What was the result of Jackson removing governmental funds from the bank of the United States?
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it eventually caused the B.U.S. to reverse its policies that caused the depression, and started to extend easy credit to state banks, which in turn caused a land boom that sparked a time of reckless investment
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What advantage did the Wigs have in the election of 1840?
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they were not the party that caused the depression
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What state wanted to succeed from the union over the Tariff of 1832?
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South Carolina
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Dorothea Dix, What did her investigation find?
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That mentally ill persons were still being treated as criminals. Her findings led to a law establishing asylums where mental illness could be treated as a disease rather than as a crime.
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Noah Webster?
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Author of American Spelling Book, became a best seller in 1783, by 1837 sold over 15 million copies, also wrote the famous dictionaries that bore his name.
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How did William Loyd Garrison want to end slavery?
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He demanded immediate freedom for enslaved African americans without compensation. He was the editor for "The Liberator" antislavery paper
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Frederick douglas?
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An african american antislavery reformer,
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Harriet Tubman?
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Called the "Black Moses" Was born into slavery, after escaping, returned to the south many times , liberating more than 300 enslaved people. Was never arrested despite a $40,000 reward for her capture
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Horace Mann?
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President of the Massachusetts Senate, pressed for public education and signed a bill in 1837 creating a state board of education in Massachusetts.
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What was the education for African American students like in the 1830's?
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Not good. It was illegal in the south , and the norther states wavered on the need to provide education for African americans. Efforts to educate them often met with violence.
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What caused the need for public education?
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the increase in eligible voters became a compelling reason for free public education
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Why did some schools rather hire women than men?
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They could be paid less than men
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Second great Awakening?
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Growth of protestant denominations was marked by great revival meetings, the building of thousands of new churches, founding of scores of colleges and universities
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Leader of the Tempurance Movement, and what was its goal?
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Clergy interested in doing away with social evils, poverty, and crime that were often brought on by heavy drinking.
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Socialism was the driving force behind what movement?
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Religious Communal groups ? ( not sure on this one)
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What organization movement began the abolishment of slavery?
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The organized movement to abolish slavery began among religious groups.
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What did the Liberator Indicate?
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to abolish slavery right away. that they will not speak in moderation, and that they will be heard.
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Transcendentalism
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1830's-40's movement protesting the corruption of society and its effects on man's soul, which was most pure when self-reliant and coexisting with nature, noted men during this movement include Ralph Waldo Emerson (essayist), and Henry David Thoreau (poet).
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Where were the "insane" put before they were found as being mentally ill?
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prison
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Ralph Waldo Emerson
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American transcendentalist who was against slavery and stressed self-reliance, optimism, self-improvement, self-confidence, and freedom. He was a prime example of a transcendentalist and helped further the movement.
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton
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(AJ) , 1815-1902. American social activist and early proponent of women's rights. Her Declaration of Sentiments speech delivered in Seneca, NY, in 1848, is often credited with initiating the first organized women's suffrage and women's rights movements in the U.S. Was also an early abolitionist.
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Robert Owen
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(1771-1858) Utopian socialists who improved health and safety conditions in mills, increased workers wages and reduced hours. Dreamed of establishing socialist communities the most noteable was New Harmony (1826) which failed.
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William McGuffy
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wrote mcguffys readers
