unit 7 psych – Flashcards
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memory is best defined as
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the persistence of learning through the storage and retrieval of information
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storage is to encoding as ____ is to _____
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retention is to acquisition
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A modern information processing model that views memories as emerging from particular activation pattern within neural networks is known as
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connectionism
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To recognize the active information processing that occurs in short term memory, researchers have characterized it as _____ memory
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working
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While reading a novel at a rate of nearly 500 words per minute, Megan effortlessly understands almost every word. This ability highlights the importance of
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automatic processing
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"The magical number seven, plus or minus two" refers to the storage capacity of ______ memory
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short term
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The address for obtaining tickets to a popular quiz show flashes on the TV screen, but the image disappears before Sergei has had a chance to write down the complete address. To his surprise, however, he has retained a momentary mental image of the five-digit zip code. His experience best illustrates ________ memory.
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iconic
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Hermann Ebbinghaus' use of nonsense syllables to study memory led to the discovery that
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the amount remembered depends on the time spent learning
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Sherry easily remembers the telephone reservation number for Holiday Inns by using the mnemonic 1-800-HOLIDAY. She is using a memory aid known as:
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chunking
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by creating an outline in which specific facts are located within the larger framework of major topics and subtopics, Jasmine can remember much more of what she reads in her college textbooks. This best illustrates the benefits of:
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hierarchal organization
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deep processing is most closely associated with the concept of
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semantic encoding
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Children can better remember an ancient Latin verse if the definition of each unfamiliar Latin word is carefully explained to them. This best illustrates the value of __________ __________.
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semantic encoding
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Although Mr. Yanagita has recently learned to play poker quite well, he cannot consciously remember ever having played poker. It is likeely that he has suffered damage to his:
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hippocampus
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Unlike implicit memories, explicit memories are processed by the:
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hippocampus
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explicit memory is to _____ as implicit memory is to _____
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long term memory; short term memory
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The accuracy of the flashbulb memories of those who were eyewitnesses to the first bombings of Baghdad during the 2010 earthquake in haiti best illustrates that memory formation is facilitated by:
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the body's release of stress hormones
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long term potential refers to
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increase in the neurons firing potential
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An eyewitness to a grocery store robbery is asked to identify suspects in a police lineup. Which test of memory is best utilized?
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recognition
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fill in the blank _____ and matching is _____
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recall; recognition
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The day after Kirsten was introduced to 13 people at a business luncheon, she could recall the names of only the first 4 people to whom she had been introduced. Her effective recall of these particular names best illustrates the benefits of:
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rehersal
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Retrieval cues are most likely to facilitate a process known as:
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priming
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Hearing the word "rabbit" may lead people to spell the spoken word "hair" as "h-a-r-e." This best illustrates the outcome of a process known as
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priming
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Information learned while a person is _____ is best recalled when that person is ______.
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drunk; drunk
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The mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remebering, and communicating information.
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cognition
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When we use the word "automobile" to refer to a category of transport vehicles, we are using this word as a(n)
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concept
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by dividing broad concepts into increasingly smaller & detailed subgroupings, we create ______ hierarchies
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category hierarhies
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Daniel was asked to write down as many words as he
could think of that contained the letter d. To complete this task
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divergent thinking
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In testing thousands of different materials for use as lightbulb filaments, Thomas Edison best illustrated a problem-solving approach known as
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trial and error
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Jamilla systematically tried each successive key on her dad's key ring until she found the one that unlocked his office door. This best illustrates problem solving by means of:
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algorithim
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A single, memorable case of welfare fraud can have a greater impact on people's estimates of welfare abuse than do statistics showing that this case is actually the exception to the rule. This illustrates that judgments are influenced by the:
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availability heuristic
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Tapes of abducted and brutalized children may lead many parents to experience exaggerated fears of letting their children walk to school. The exaggerated fears best illustrate the impact of
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availability heuristic
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Stockbrokers often believe that their own expertise will enable them to select stocks that will outperform the market average. This belief best illustrates
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overconfidence
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An unwillingness to give up our beliefs even when the evidence proves us wrong is called
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belief perserverance
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Which of the following is the best example of framing?
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A television adv. for lotion claims that it is made of 75 percent organic materials, not that it contains 25 percent artificial ingredients
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The smallest distinctive sound unit of language is a
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phoneme
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how many morphemes are in word "bats"
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2
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When her teacher mentioned the arms race, Krista understood that the word "arms" referred to weapons and not to body parts. Krista's correct interpretation best illustrates the importance of
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semantics
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Word meaning is to word order as ________ is to ________.
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semantics; syntax