question

The red scare of 1919-1920 was provoked by a. the wartime migration of rural blacks to northern cities. b. urban immigrants' resistance to prohibition. c. public anger at evolutionary science's challenge to the biblical story of the Creation. d. the public's fear that labor troubles were sparked by communist and anarchist revolutionaries. e. Russian Communism's threat to American security.

answer

d

question

Disillusioned by war and peace, Americans in the 1920s did all of the following except a. denounce radical foreign ideas. b. condemn un-American life-styles. c. struggle to achieve economic prosperity. d. shun diplomatic commitments to foreign countries. e. restrict immigration.

answer

c

question

Businesspeople used the red scare to a. establish closed shops throughout the nation. b. break the backs of fledgling unions. c. break the railroad strike of 1919. d. secure passage of laws making unions illegal. e. refuse to hire communists.

answer

b

question

The most tenacious pursuer of radical elements during the red scare of the early 1920s was a. Frederick W. Taylor. b. William Jennings Bryan. c. J. Edgar Hoover. d. F. Scott Fitzgerald. e. A. Mitchell Palmer.

answer

e

question

The post-World War I Ku Klux Klan advocated all of the following except a. fundamentalist religion. b. opposition to birth control. c. opposition to prohibition. d. repression of pacifists. e. anti-Catholicism.

answer

c

question

The Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s was a reaction against a. capitalism. b. new immigration laws passed in 1924. c. the nativist movements that had their origins in the 1850s. d. race riots. e. the forces of diversity and modernity that were transforming American culture.

answer

e

question

With 5 million members at its peak in the 1920s, the Ku Klux Klan was known for all of the following except a. secret rituals. b. its Catholicism. c. flag-waving parades. d. the blazing cross. e. the bloodied lash.

answer

b

question

The Ku Klux Klan virtually collapsed in the late 1920s when a. the immigration restriction laws of the early 1920s were repealed. b. the organization was publicly exposed as a corrupt and cynical racket. c. the advent of radio led to a new level of public knowledge and tolerance. d. the Klan proved unable to implement its program. e. both political parties sharply criticized the Klan as un-American.

answer

b

question

Cultural pluralists like Horace Kallen and Randolph Bourne generally advocated that a. Spanish and German should be recognized as official languages of the United States along with English. b. diverse religious beliefs could coexist peacefully in the United States. c. immigrants to the United States could remain politically loyal to their original nations. d. immigrants should be able to retain their traditional cultures rather than blend into a single American melting pot. e. a varied American cultural life should resist the bland standardization of mass culture.

answer

d

question

The Immigration Act of 1924 discriminated directly against a. Canadians and West Indians. b. northern and western Europeans. c. Latin Americans. d. Jews and Muslims. e. southern and eastern Europeans and Japanese.

answer

e

question

One of the primary obstacles to working class solidarity and organization in America was a. ethnic diversity. b. the lack of a reform impulse in America. c. the generally fair treatment that workers received from their employers. d. the hostility of the Catholic Church to social reform. e. the growing Communist influence in the labor movement.

answer

a

question

During the 1920s and after, many American immigrant ethnic groups a. rapidly assimilated into the mainstream of American life. b. sought to escape urban poverty by migrating to rural areas. c. lived in neighborhoods with their own churches or synagogues, newspapers, and theaters. d. maintained a greater loyalty to the old country than to the United States. e. sought political autonomy and official recognition by the U.S. government.

answer

c

question

Enforcement of the Volstead Act met the strongest resistance from a. women. b. immigrants and big-city residents. c. westerners and southerners. d. businesspeople and labor leaders. e. evangelical Protestants.

answer

b

question

The religion of almost all Polish immigrants to America was a. Eastern Orthodoxy. b. Lutheranism. c. evangelical Protestantism. d. Roman Catholicism. e. Judaism.

answer

d

question

Many Polish peasants learned about America from all of the following sources except a. agents from U.S. railroads. b. letters from friends and relatives. c. agents from steamship lines. d. Catholic missionaries. e. Polish American businesspeople.

answer

d

question

The zeal of federal agents in enforcing prohibition laws against liquor smugglers strained U.S. diplomatic relations with a. Canada. b. Mexico. c. the Dominican Republic. d. Spain. e. Ireland.

answer

a

question

Although speakeasies and hard liquor flourished, historians argue that prohibition wasn't entirely a failure for all of the following reasons except a. bank savings increased. b. absenteeism in the workplace decreased. c. people consumed less alcohol overall. d. crime levels decreased. e. more people lived a sober lifestyle.

answer

d

question

The most spectacular example of lawlessness and gangsterism in the 1920s was a. New York City. b. New Orleans. c. Brooklyn. d. Chicago. e. Las Vegas.

answer

d

question

Besides controlling the illegal liquor industry, American gangsters in the 1920s earned rich profits from all of the following activities except a. prostitution. b. gambling. c. labor racketeering. d. illegal drugs. e. prostitution

answer

e

question

Top gangster Al Capone was finally convicted and sent to prison for the crime of a. murder. b. income tax evasion. c. kidnapping. d. conspiracy to violate the prohibition laws. e. running criminal prostitution rings.

answer

b

question

John Dewey can rightly be called the "father of ____." a. the American research university b. progressive education c. evolutionary science d. psychoanalysis e. Hegelian philosophy

answer

b

question

According to John Dewey, a teacher's primary goal is to a. instill discipline and character in young people. b. emphasize academic skills. c. educate students for life by active learning methods. d. undermine students' naive religious beliefs. e. develop a sense of history.

answer

c

question

Of the following, the one least related to the other four is a. John T. Scopes. b. Clarence Darrow. c. Frederick W. Taylor. d. William Jennings Bryan. e. Dayton, Tennessee.

answer

c

question

The immediate outcome of the 1925 Scopes Trial was that a. attorney Clarence Darrow got the charges against John Scopes dropped. b. the state of Tennessee modified its anti-evolution law. c. the public gained a favorable view of American fundamentalists. d. biology teacher John Scopes was found guilty of teaching evolution and fined. e. the jury was deadlocked and unable to reach a verdict.

answer

d

question

After the Scopes "Monkey Trial" a. fundamentalism disappeared outside the rural South. b. John Scopes was sentenced to serve time in jail. c. Christians found it increasingly difficult to reconcile the revelations of religion with modern science. d. the gap between theology and biology began to close. e. fundamentalist religion remained a vibrant force in American spiritual life.

answer

e

question

All of the following helped to make the prosperity of the 1920s possible except a. government stimulation of the economy. b. rapid expansion of capital. c. increased productivity of workers. d. perfection of assembly-line production. e. advertising and credit buying.

answer

a

question

The main problem faced by American manufacturers in the 1920s involved a. increasing the level of production. b. developing expanded markets of people to buy their products. c. reducing the level of government involvement in business. d. developing technologically innovative products. e. finding a skilled labor force.

answer

b

question

In response to the need to develop greater and greater mass markets for their products, American business in the 1920s relied especially on the new techniques of a. developing a large range of product variation. b. price competition. c. direct selling through catalogs and door-to-door solicitation. d. consumer advertising. e. government-backed guarantees of product performance.

answer

d

question

During the 1920s, the new system of buying on credit resulted in all of the following except a. it transformed once frugal Americans into consumers of cars, radios and more/ b. it led to the slogan of "possess today and pay tomorrow." c. it stimulated economic growth. d. it created massive amounts of consumer debt e. it led to huge defaults on monies owed.

answer

e

question

The prosperity that developed in the 1920s a. was accompanied by a cloud of consumer debt. b. led to a growing level of savings by the American public. c. enabled labor unions to gain strength. d. was concentrated primarily in heavy industry. e. closed the gap between rich and poor.

answer

a

question

Among the major figures promoted by mass media image makers and the new sports industry in the 1920s were a. John L. Sullivan and William Cody. b. Henry Ford and Charles Lindbergh c. Babe Ruth and Jack Dempsey. d. Al Jolson and Margaret Sanger. e. Mickey Mantle and Rocky Marciano.

answer

c

question

Henry Ford's most distinctive contribution to the automobile industry was a. installment credit buying of cars. b. the internal combustion engine. c. introducing a variety of automobile models with varied colors and styles. d. design changes that improved speed. e. production of a standardized, relatively inexpensive automobile.

answer

e

question

Frederick W. Taylor, a prominent inventor and engineer, was best known for his a. development of the gasoline engine. b. thoughts on Darwinian evolution. c. efforts to clean up polluted cities. d. promotion of industrial efficiency and scientific management. e. concern for worker safety.

answer

d

question

Which of the following was not among the industries that prospered mightily with widespread use of the automobile? a. Rubber b. Highway construction c. Oil d. Aluminum e. Glass

answer

d

question

The automobile revolution resulted in all of the following except a. the consolidation of schools. b. the increased dependence of women on men. c. the spread of suburbs. d. a loss of population in less attractive states. e. altered youthful sexual behavior.

answer

b

question

Car advertisements reached out to women in all of the following ways except a. showing them cars were respectable for women. b. illustrating that families could afford one car for wives and another for husbands. c. linking modern, independent women to automobiles. d. noting that cars enabled women to better fulfill their roles as household managers. e. demonstrating that women could indeed learn to drive.

answer

b

question

Charles Lindbergh's solo flight across the Atlantic made him an American hero especially because a. his political principles were widely admired. b. he and his wife Anne Morrow Lindbergh made such an appealing couple. c. his wholesome youthfulness contrasted with the cynicism and debunking of the jazz age. d. Americans were impressed by daredevil stunts. e. Lindbergh's journey opened closer cultural connections to France.

answer

c

question

The first talkie motion picture was a. The Great Train Robbery. b. The Birth of a Nation. c. The Wizard of Oz. d. Gone With the Wind. e. The Jazz Singer.

answer

e

question

The American airline industry in the 1920s made most of its early profits through a. mail contracts with the federal government. b. passenger fares. c. air freight and bulk cargo. d. subsidies from state and local governments. e. crop dusting and cloud seeding.

answer

a

question

The American radio industry was distinctive from radio in European nations because it a. did not carry news programming. b. gave preference in station ownership to religious and other nonprofit groups. c. practiced censorship against sexually offensive material. d. developed nationwide networks of stations broadcasting the same program. e. was a commercial business dependent on advertising.

answer

e

question

Automobiles, radios, and motion pictures a. were less popular than had been anticipated. b. contributed to the standardization of American life. c. had little impact on traditional life-styles and values. d. were for the most part too expensive for ordinary working families. e. strengthened American family life.

answer

b

question

The 1920 census revealed that, for the first time, most a. men worked in manufacturing. b. adult women were employed outside the home. c. Americans lived in cities. d. Americans lived in the trans-Mississippi West. e. families had fewer than four children.

answer

c

question

Margaret Sanger was most noted for her advocacy of a. abortion rights. b. women's suffrage. c. birth control. d. free love. e. the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA).

answer

c

question

Job opportunities for women in the 1920s a. expanded dramatically. b. offered higher-paying positions than before. c. were plentiful in Hollywood and radio. d. existed mainly in the area of education. e. tended to cluster in a few low-paying fields.

answer

e

question

To justify their new sexual frankness, many Americans pointed to a. increased consumption of alcohol. b. the decline of fundamentalism. c. the rise of the women's movement. d. the theories of Sigmund Freud. e. the influence of erotically explicit movies.

answer

d

question

Jazz music was developed by a. Latinos. b. Caribbean immigrants. c. Caucasian impresarios. d. American teenagers. e. American blacks.

answer

e

question

The most influential classical film of the 1910s, D.W. Griffiths' Birth of a Nation, stirred extensive protest by African Americans because a. the film was heavily financed by white racist Hollywood film business owners. b. the film depicted the black leader Marcus Garvey in an unfavorable light. c. African Americans were not allowed to see the film even in northern movie theaters. d. the film glorified the Ku Klux Klan and portrayed blacks as corrupt politicians or rapists. e. Griffiths refused to use black actors.

answer

d

question

All of the following are true of Marcus Garvey, founder of the United Negro Improvement Association, except he a. promoted the resettlement of American blacks in Africa. b. advocated the idea of developing an elite "talented tenth" to lead African American progress. c. inspired strong feelings of self-confidence and self-reliance among blacks. d. was convicted of mail fraud and deported by the U.S. government. e. sponsored black-owned business enterprises.

answer

b

question

Match each literary figure below with the correct work. A. Ernest Hemingway 1. The Sun Also Rises B. F. Scott Fitzgerald 2. Main Street C. Sinclair Lewis 3. The Sound and the Fury D. William Faulkner 4. The Great Gatsby a. A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1 b. A-1, B-3, C-2, D-4 c. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 d. A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3 e. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2

answer

d

question

The Harlem Renaissance can best be described as a. a celebration of black culture and creative expression b. the migration of Southern blacks to northern sections of New York City c. the movement led by Marcus Garvey d. the effort to resist racism and segregation in the North. e. None of these

answer

a

question

Buying stock on margin meant purchasing a. only a few shares of stock. b. inexpensive stock. c. little-known stock. d. risky or marginal stock. e. it on credit with only a small down payment.

answer

e

question

The leading cultural critic of the 1920s, H.L. Mencken, attacked all of the following except a. the South. b. patriotism. c. technology. d. democracy. e. Puritanism.

answer

c

question

Which of the following was not among prominent African American cultural figures of the 1920s? a. Joseph "King" Oliver b. Ralph Ellison c. "Jelly Roll" Morton d. Langston Hughes e. W.C. Handy

answer

b

question

As secretary of the treasury, Andrew Mellon placed the heaviest tax burden on a. middle-income groups. b. the wealthy. c. the working class. d. the business community. e. the estates of those deceased.

answer

a

question

Warren G. Harding's weaknesses as president included all of the following except a(n) a. lack of political experience. b. mediocre mind. c. inability to detect moral weaknesses in his associates. d. unwillingness to hurt people's feelings by saying no. e. administrative weakness.

answer

a

question

Match each member of President Harding's cabinet below with his major area of responsibility. A. Charles Evans Hughes 1. taxes and tariffs B. Andrew Mellon 2. naval oil reserves C. Herbert Hoover 3. naval arms limitation D. Albert Fall 4. foreign trade and trade associations E. Harry Daugherty 5. justice and law enforcement a. A-5, B-3, C-2, D-4, E-1 b. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2, E-5 c. A-2, B-4, C-3, D-5, E-1 d. A-4, B-5, C-1, D-3, E-2 e. A-1, B-2, C-5, D-3, E-4

answer

b

question

Which one of the following members of President Harding's cabinet proved to be incompetent and corrupt? a. Herbert Hoover b. Calvin Coolidge c. Andrew Mellon d. Charles Evans Hughes e. Albert Fall

answer

e

question

Republican economic policies under Warren G. Harding a. sought to continue the same laissez-faire doctrine as had been the practice under William McKinley. b. hoped to encourage the government actively to assist business along the path to profits. c. sought to regulate the policies of large corporations. d. aimed at supporting increased competition in business. e. aided small business at the expense of big business.

answer

b

question

During the 1920s, the Supreme Court a. often ruled against progressive legislation. b. rigorously upheld the antitrust laws. c. generally promoted government regulation of the economy. d. staunchly defended the rights of organized labor. e. upheld laws providing special protection for women.

answer

a

question

____ was/were adversely affected by the demobilization policies adopted by the federal government at the end of World War I. a. The cement industry b. The railroad industry c. The shipping industry d. Veterans e. Organized labor

answer

e

question

In the Adkins case, the Supreme Court ruled that a. federal child labor laws were unconstitutional. b. women had the right to sue for equal pay for equal work. c. anti-union "right to work" laws were constitutional. d. women were no longer entitled to special protection in the workplace because they now had the vote. e. federal maternity benefits designed for women did not constitute unequal treatment.

answer

d

question

The great event that essentially crippled organized labor throughout the 1920s was a. the Supreme Court's ruling against the union closed shop in the Adkins case. b. the deportation of the most effective labor organizers to the Communist Soviet Union. c. the split within the American labor movement between the American Federation of Labor and the Socialists. d. the federal government's antilabor intervention that broke the 1919 steel strike. e. repeal of the Clayton Act guaranteeing unions the right to organize.

answer

d

question

The nonbusiness group that realized the most significant, lasting gains from World War I was a. labor. b. blacks. c. the Ku Klux Klan. d. women. e. veterans.

answer

e

question

Veterans' organizations like the American Legion successfully lobbied Congress to give them a. higher pay for service in military reserve or national guard units. b. special payments for those suffering the effects of shell shock or poison gas. c. financial support for college education or job training. d. guaranteed medical care in modern, efficient veterans' hospitals. e. a bonus insurance policy to compensate them for lost wages during their military service.

answer

e

question

One exception to President Warren G. Harding's policy of isolationism involved the Middle East, where the United States sought to a. support a homeland for Jews in Israel. b. prevent the League of Nations from establishing British and French protectorates in the region. c. stop the Soviet Union from dominating the area. d. secure oil-drilling concessions for American companies. e. curb the rise of Arab nationalism.

answer

d

question

The primary reason that Warren G. Harding was willing to seize the initiative on the issue of international disarmament was that a. he feared renewed war in Europe. b. he recognized that Japan and the United States might enter a dangerous arms race. c. businesspeople were unwilling to help pay for a larger United States Navy. d. he did not want the League of Nations to take the lead on this problem. e. American public opinion strongly supported peacemaking efforts.

answer

c

question

The 1928 Kellogg-Briand Pact a. formally ended World War I for the United States, which had refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles. b. set a schedule for German payment of war reparations. c. established a battleship ratio for the leading naval powers. d. condemned Japan for its unprovoked attack on Manchuria. e. officially outlawed war as a solution to international rivalry and conflict.

answer

e

question

The Fordney-McCumber and Hawley-Smoot Tariff laws had the long-term effect of a. bringing American farmers out of the agricultural depression of the early 1920s. b. encouraging the United States to turn more to Asia than to Europe for imports. c. shrinking international trade and making it impossible for Europe to repay American war loans. d. lowering the prices Americans paid for domestic manufactured goods. e. pressuring the Europeans to lower their own tariff rates in order to retain American trade.

answer

c

question

Which of the following was not a consequence of the American policy of raising tariffs sky-high in the 1920s? a. European nations raised their own tariffs. b. The postwar chaos in Europe was prolonged. c. International economic distress deepened. d. American foreign trade declined. e. The American economy slipped into recession.

answer

e

question

The Teapot Dome scandal was centered around corrupt deals and bribes involving a. naval oil reserves. b. veterans' hospitals. c. the Bureau of Indian Affairs. d. European war debts. e. presidential pardons.

answer

a

question

The major political scandal of Harding's administration resulted in the conviction and imprisonment of his secretary of a. the treasury. b. state. c. the navy. d. commerce. e. the interior.

answer

e

question

Which of the following descriptive attributes is least characteristic of President Coolidge? a. Honesty b. Frugality c. Shyness d. Wordiness e. Caution

answer

d

question

During Coolidge's presidency, government policy was set largely by the interests and values of a. farmers and wage earners. b. the business community. c. racial and ethnic minorities. d. progressive reformers. e. conservative New Englanders.

answer

b

question

After the initial shock of the Harding scandals, many Americans reacted by a. demanding that all those involved be sent to prison. b. excusing some of the wrongdoers on the grounds that "they had gotten away with it." c. demanding the impeachment of the president. d. suggesting that Harding resign the presidency so that Calvin Coolidge could take control. e. calling for a thorough Congressional investigation.

answer

b

question

One of the major problems facing farmers in the 1920s was a. overproduction. b. the inability to purchase modern farm equipment. c. passage of the McNary-Haugen Bill. d. the prosecution of cooperatives under antitrust laws. e. drought and insects like the boll weevil.

answer

a

question

The advent of the gasoline-powered tractor in the 1920s meant that a. productivity went way up but so did debt. b. farmers did not need to plow as much land to make the same profit. c. farmers would have to spend time training hands on new equipment. d. bigger crops could be grown on smaller areas. e. None of these

answer

a

question

The McNary-Haugen Bill passed by Congress and twice vetoed by President Coolidge was aimed to assist American farmers by a. restricting the amount of crops farmers could plant in order to drive up prices. b. having the federal government buy farm surpluses and sell them abroad. c. providing federal support for farm co-operatives as a way of eliminating middle men. d. providing federal loans for agricultural equipment and seeds. e. blocking the import of certain cheaper agricultural commodities from Europe and Latin America.

answer

b

question

Which of the following splits did not affect the Democratic party in 1924? a. "Wets" versus "drys" b. Immigrants versus old-stock Americans c. Urbanites versus suburbanites d. Fundamentalists versus Modernists e. Northern liberals versus southern conservatives

answer

c

question

Senator Robert La Follette's Progressive party advocated all of the following except a. government ownership of railroads. b. relief for farmers. c. opposition to antilabor injunctions. d. opposition to monopolies. e. increased power for the Supreme Court.

answer

e

question

In 1924, the Democratic party convention defeated by only one vote a resolution condemning a. the Ku Klux Klan. b. immigration restrictions. c. prohibition. d. Fundamentalism. e. business monopolies.

answer

a

question

The Progressive party did not do well in the 1924 election because a. it could not win the farm vote. b. too many people shared in the general prosperity of the time to care about reform. c. it was too caught up in internal discord. d. the liberal vote was split between it and the Democratic party. e. La Follette could not win the Socialists' endorsement.

answer

b

question

In the early 1920s, one glaring exception to America's general indifference to the outside world was its a. involvement in the World Court. b. armed intervention in the Caribbean and Central America. c. involvement in the League of Nations' humanitarian operations. d. naval buildup. e. continuing attempt to oust the Communists from power in the Soviet Union.

answer

b

question

America's European allies argued that they should not have to repay loans that the United States made to them during World War I because a. the United States had owed them about $4 billion before the war. b. the amount of money involved was not significant. c. they had paid a much heavier price in lost lives, so it was only fair for the United States to write off the debt. d. the United States was making so much money from Mexican and Middle Eastern oil that it did not need extra dollars. e. Germany was not paying its reparations to them, so they could not afford to pay off the loans.

answer

c

question

As a result of America's insistence that its Allies' war debts be repaid in full, the a. French and British demanded enormous reparations payments from Germany. b. German mark was ruined by drastic inflation. c. Allies borrowed money from Switzerland to repay the loans. d. Allies imposed enormously high new taxes on their citizens. e. Allies demanded that the United States lower its tariffs.

answer

a

question

America's major foreign-policy problem in the 1920s was addressed by the Dawes Plan, which a. ended the big-stick policy of armed intervention in Central America and the Caribbean. b. established a ratio of allowable naval strength between the United States, Britain, and Japan. c. condemned the Japanese aggression against Manchuria. d. aimed to prevent German re-armament. e. provided a solution to the tangle of war-debt and war-reparations payments.

answer

e

question

All of the following were political liabilities for Alfred E. Smith except his a. Catholic religion. b. support for the repeal of prohibition. c. big-city background. d. failure to win the support of American labor. e. radio speaking skill.

answer

d

question

One of Herbert Hoover's chief strengths as a presidential candidate was his a. adaptability to the give-and-take of political accommodation. b. considerable experience in running for political office. c. personal charm and charisma. d. ability to face criticism. e. talent for administration.

answer

e

question

When elected to the presidency in 1928, Herbert Hoover a. was militantly antilabor and against big government. b. brought little administrative talent or experience to the job. c. understood that his major challenge was to find a solution to the Great Depression. d. combined small-town values with wide experience in modern corporate America. e. had been a successful governor of California.

answer

d

question

The Federal Farm Board, created by the Agricultural Marketing Act, lent money to farmers primarily to help them to a. organize producers' cooperatives. b. learn a new and more profitable trade. c. open new land to cultivation. d. purchase expensive new farm machinery. e. take land out of production.

answer

a

question

The mood in the United States just before the stock market crashed in 1929 could best be described as a. anxious. b. confident. c. pessimistic. d. fearful. e. None of these

answer

b

question

The impact of the Great Depression on American resulted in all of the following except a. jobless husbands felt guilt and shame for their families' hardships. b. thousands of banks collapsed, taking with them people's life savings. c. breadlines and soup kitchens emerged to feed the hungry. d. thousands of people lost their homes to foreclosure. e. salaries for those who held on to their jobs rose slightly.

answer

e

question

As a result of the Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930 a. American industry grew more secure. b. duties on agricultural products decreased. c. American economic isolationism ended. d. campaign promises to labor were fulfilled. e. the worldwide depression deepened.

answer

e

question

In America, the Great Depression caused a. people to blame the economic system, not themselves, for their problems. b. a decade-long decline in the birthrate. c. an increase of foreign investment because prices were so low. d. a shift from Wall Street investment to investment in small, local businesses. e. a growing acceptance by business of the need for federal regulation.

answer

b

question

President Herbert Hoover believed that the Great Depression could be ended by doing all of the following except a. providing direct aid to the people. b. directly assisting businesses and banks. c. keeping faith in the efficiency of the industrial system. d. continuing to rely on the American tradition of rugged individualism. e. lending federal funds to feed farm livestock.

answer

a

question

President Hoover's approach to the Great Depression was to a. leave the economy alone to work itself out of trouble. b. nationalize major industries. c. encourage the states to stimulate spending. d. work for the breakup of business monopolies. e. offer federal assistance to businesses and banks but not individuals.

answer

e

question

The term "Hoovervilles" refers to a. industrial sections of cities where poor workers lived. b. shantytowns filled with shacks created by homeless people during the Great Depression. c. picket lines erected by the Bonus Army in their protest against Washington D.C. d. breadlines and soup kitchens that fed the hungry during the Great Depression. e. cities hardest hit by the Great Depression - with the highest unemployment and poverty rates.

answer

b

question

Hoover was criticized for his handling of the Great Depression, but some historians consider this unfair for all of the following reasons except a. his measures probably prevented a more serious collapse than the one that occurred. b. his expenditures for relief were revolutionary in that day. c. his government programs paved the way for the massive spending programs of the New Deal. d. his handling of the crisis proved that old notions and programs would no longer work in a major crisis. e. his policies enabled local and state governments to act more efficiently to help people in need.

answer

e

question

The Reconstruction Finance Corporation, established by Hoover to deal with the depression, was charged with a. providing direct economic assistance to labor. b. making loans to businesses, banks, and state and local governments. c. outlawing yellow dog (antiunion) contracts. d. providing money for construction of dams on the Tennessee River. e. lending money for federal public works projects.

answer

b

question

The Bonus Expeditionary Force marched on Washington, D.C., in 1932 to demand a. the removal of American troops from Nicaragua. b. an expanded American army and navy. c. immediate full payment of bonus payments promised to World War I veterans. d. punishment for those who had forced unemployed veterans to leave Washington, D.C. e. housing and health care assistance for veterans.

answer

c

question

President Hoover's public image was severely damaged by his a. decision to abandon the principle of rugged individualism. b. construction of Hoovervilles for the homeless. c. agreement to provide a federal dole to the unemployed. d. refusal to do anything to try to solve the Great Depression. e. use of harsh military force to disperse the Bonus Army from Washington.

answer

e

question

In response to the League of Nations' investigation into Japan's invasion and occupation of Manchuria a. the United States became an official member of the League. b. Japan withdrew its troops. c. Americans called for a boycott of Japanese goods. d. Japan left the League. e. the United States and China moved toward an alliance.

answer

c

question

The 1932 Stimson doctrine a. reversed the United States' long-standing interventionist policy in Latin America. b. committed the United States to join the League of Nations' effort to impose economic sanctions against Japan for its invasion of Manchuria. c. announced the United States' willingness to outlaw war as an instrument of national policy. d. declared that the United States would not recognize any territorial acquisition achieved by force of arms. e. declared Japan and Germany rogue states.

answer

d

question

Franklin Roosevelt's ____ contributed the most to his development of compassion and strength of will. a. education b. domestic conflicts with Eleanor Roosevelt c. family ties with Teddy Roosevelt d. affliction with infantile paralysis e. service in World War I

answer

d

question

Eleanor Roosevelt had honed her own skills and developed a personal network of reform activists through a. running for local offices in New York state. b. her experience in settlement houses and women's reform organizations. c. her long resistance to Franklin Roosevelt's personal infidelities. d. her personal association with women's colleges and sororities. e. sitting in on Franklin Roosevelt's cabinet meetings when he was governor of New York.

answer

b

question

The Democratic party platform on which Franklin Roosevelt campaigned for the presidency in 1932 called for a. extensive social reforms and a balanced budget. b. deficit spending and a higher military budget. c. higher tariffs and support for American manufacturers. d. nationalization of key industries. e. breaking up monopolistic corporations and supporting small business.

answer

a

question

In 1932, Franklin Roosevelt campaigned on the promise that as president he would attack the Great Depression by a. nationalizing all banks and major industries. b. mobilizing America's youth as in wartime. c. returning to the traditional policies of laissez-faire capitalism. d. continuing the policies already undertaken by President Hoover. e. experimenting with bold new programs for economic and social reform.

answer

e

question

The phrase Hundred Days refers to the a. worst months of the Great Depression. b. time it took for Congress to begin acting on President Roosevelt's plans for combating the Great Depression. c. flood of legislation passed by Congress in the first months of Franklin Roosevelt's presidency. d. "lame-duck" period between Franklin Roosevelt's election and his inauguration. e. time that all banks were closed by FDR.

answer

c

question

One striking new feature of the 1932 presidential election results was that a. the South had shifted to the Republican party. b. Democrats made gains in the normally Republican Midwest. c. urban Americans finally cast more votes than rural Americans. d. a clear gender gap opened up in which more women favored the Democrats. e. African Americans shifted from their Republican allegiance and became a vital element in the Democratic party.

answer

e

question

The group that had experienced the worst suffering as a result of the Great Depression was a. women. b. factory workers. c. African Americans. d. skilled men. e. immigrants.

answer

c

question

While Franklin Roosevelt waited to assume the presidency in early 1933, Herbert Hoover tried to get the president-elect to commit to a. maintaining a balanced federal budget. b. renewal of the extremely high Hawley-Smoot Tariff. c. an anti-inflationary policy that would have made much of the New Deal impossible. d. appointing some Republicans to his cabinet. e. a policy of not offering direct welfare to the unemployed.

answer

c

question

When Franklin Roosevelt assumed the presidency in March 1933 a. Congress refused to grant him any legislative authority. b. he knew exactly what he wanted to do. c. he received unprecedented congressional support. d. he wanted to make as few mistakes as possible. e. he at first proceeded cautiously.

answer

c

question

The Works Progress Administration was a major ____ program of the New Deal; the Public Works Administration was a long-range ____ program; and the Social Security Act was a major ____ program. a. relief; recovery; reform b. reform; recovery; relief c. recovery; relief; reform d. relief; reform; recovery e. reform; relief; recovery

answer

a

question

The Glass-Steagall Act a. took the United States off the gold standard. b. empowered President Roosevelt to close all banks temporarily. c. created the Securities and Exchange Commission to regulate the stock exchange. d. permitted commercial banks to engage in Wall Street financial dealings. e. created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation to insure individual bank deposits.

answer

e

question

The most immediate emergency facing Franklin Roosevelt when he became president in March 1933 was a. the collapse of nearly the entire banking system. b. runaway inflation. c. the growing power of demagogues such as Huey Long and Father Coughlin. d. the near collapse of international trade. e. riots by unemployed workers and farmers unable to sell their goods.

answer

a

question

Immediately after taking office, President Roosevelt responded to the banking crisis by a. restoring the gold standard to guarantee the soundness of American currency. b. reassuring Americans that all their banking deposits were safe. c. providing major federal loans to the largest and soundest banks. d. establishing a new Bank of the United States to guarantee deposits. e. closing all American banks for a week, while reorganizing them on a sounder basis.

answer

e

question

Franklin Roosevelt took America off the gold standard and adopted a managed currency policy designed to a. stimulate inflation. b. reduce the price of gold. c. restore confidence in banks. d. reduce the amount of money in circulation. e. shake up the Federal Reserve Board.

answer

a

question

The early New Deal experiments borrowed rather freely and randomly from a. the American labor movement and European socialism. b. early twentieth-century economists and social theorists Thorstein Veblen and John Dewey. c. Mussolini's fascism and Hitler's Nazism. d. U.S. wartime and pre-war agencies and European social reform models. e. the late nineteenth-century utopian literature of Henry George, Edward Bellamy, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman.

answer

d

question

The single most popular New Deal program was probably the a. Works Progress Administration. b. Agricultural Adjustment Act. c. National Recovery Administration. d. Civilian Conservation Corps. e. Tennessee Valley Authority.

answer

d

question

All of the following are true statements about the men who joined the CCC (Civilian Conservation Corps) except a. there were about three million men in the program. b. the men were mostly young, hired to work in fresh-air camps. c. many of the men had had criminal records. d. they worked on reforestation, flood control and swamp drainage projects. e. CCC workers helped families by sending most of their paychecks home.

answer

c

question

The most complex and ambitious New Deal effort to achieve recovery and reform the entire American economy was the a. Public Works Administration. b. National Recovery Administration. c. Tennessee Valley Authority. d. National Labor Relations Act (Wagner Act). e. Social Security Administration.

answer

b

question

Probably the most radical New Deal program that provoked widespread charges of creeping socialism was the a. Indian Reorganization Act. b. Social Security Act. c. Agricultural Adjustment Act. d. Federal Housing Administration. e. Tennessee Valley Authority.

answer

e

question

President Roosevelt's chief "administrator of relief" and one of his closest advisors was a. George Norris. b. John L. Lewis. c. Mary McLeod Bethune. d. Harry Hopkins. e. None of these

answer

d

question

Match each New Deal critic below with the cause or slogan that he promoted. A. Father Coughlin 1. "social justice" B. Huey Long 2. "every man a king" C. Francis Townsend 3. "a holy crusade for liberty" D. Herbert Hoover 4. "$200 a month for everyone over 60" a. A-l, B-2, C-4, D-3 b. A-2, B-1, C-3, D-4 c. A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1 d. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2 e. A-1, B-4, C-3, D-2

answer

a

question

Senator Huey P. Long of Louisiana gained a large national following by promising to a. nationalize all banks and public utility companies. b. make Jews pay for causing the Great Depression. c. help farmers and workers organize to resist the power of corporations. d. provide the unemployed and elderly a $200-a-month social security payment. e. "share our wealth" by raising taxes on the rich and giving every family $5,000

answer

e

question

Prominent female social scientists of the 1930s, like Ruth Benedict and Margaret Mead, brought widespread contributions to the field of a. economics. b. political science. c. psychology. d. sociology. e. anthropology.

answer

e

question

Match each New Dealer below with the federal agency or program with which he or she was closely identified. A. Robert Wagner 1. Department of Labor B. Harry Hopkins 2. Public Works Administration. C. Harold Ickes 3. Works Progress Administration D. Frances Perkins 4. National Labor Relations Act a. A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4 b. A-4, B-3, C-2, D-1 c. A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2 d. A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2 e. A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3

answer

b

question

The National Recovery Administration (NRA) failed largely because a. businesses resisted regulation by the agency. b. it required too much self-sacrifice on the part of industry, labor, and the public. c. Harold Ickes, the head of the agency, proved to be an incompetent administrator. d. it did not provide enough protection for labor to bargain with management. e. the agency did not have enough power to control business.

answer

b

question

Roosevelt supported the repeal of prohibition because a. he thought it was unconstitutional. b. he believed the problem of drunkenness could be solved by restricting alcohol content to 3.2 percent by weight. c. he thought that it afforded the opportunity to raise needed federal revenue and provide jobs. d. he needed support from the repeal movement to gain reelection. e. drys - those who opposed alcohol - were an increasingly small segment of the population.

answer

c

question

The first Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) raised the money that it paid to farmers not to grow crops by a. raising the tariff. b. imposing a tax on the sale of farms. c. selling government surplus grain. d. increasing taxes on the wealthy. e. taxing processors of farm products.

answer

e

question

The Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) proposed to solve the farm problem by a. reducing agricultural production. b. subsidizing American farm exports overseas. c. encouraging farmers to switch to industrial employment. d. helping farmers to pay their mortgages. e. creating farm cooperatives.

answer

a

question

Both ratified in the 1930s, the Twentieth Amendment ____ and the Twenty-first Amendment ____. a. shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration; ended prohibition b. limited a president to two complete terms in office; repealed the Eighteenth Amendment c. rendered most New Deal programs unconstitutional; limited a president to two complete terms in office d. ended prohibition; shortened the time between presidential election and inauguration e. expanded the size of the Supreme Court; ended prohibition

answer

a

question

All of the following contributed to the Dust Bowl of the 1930s except a. dry-farming techniques. b. drought. c. farmers' failure to use steam tractors and other modern equipment. d. the cultivation of marginal farmlands on the Great Plains. e. soil erosion.

answer

c

question

In 1935, President Roosevelt set up the Resettlement Administration to a. help farmers migrate from Oklahoma to California. b. place unemployed industrial workers in areas where their labor was needed. c. move Indians from land that could be farmed by victims of the Dust Bowl. d. find jobs for farmers in industry. e. help farmers who were victims of the Dust Bowl move to better land.

answer

e

question

The Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 attempted to a. reverse the forced assimilation of Native Americans into white society by establishing tribal self-government. b. encourage Native Americans to give up their land claims. c. reinforce the Dawes Act of 1887. d. pressure Native Americans to renounce self-government. e. define clearly which tribes were federally recognized.

answer

a

question

Most Dust Bowl migrants headed to a. Oklahoma. b. Arizona. c. Nevada. d. Oregon. e. California.

answer

e

question

The fate of most of the Okies and other Dust Bowl migrants who headed west to California was that they a. acquired farms in the San Joaquin Valley. b. found steady work in the canning industry. c. still struggled for food, shelter, and work in the San Joaquin Valley. d. became caught up in radical labor movements. e. formed mutually supportive evangelical religious communes.

answer

c

question

The Federal Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Commission aimed to a. halt the sale of stocks on margin (i.e. with borrowed funds). b. force stockbrokers to register with the federal government. c. prevent interlocking directorates and business pyramiding schemes. d. provide full disclosure of information and prevent insider trading and other fraudulent practices. e. enable the Chicago Board of Trade to compete with the New York Stock Exchange.

answer

d

question

Native Americans responded to the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 a. with some thrilled by its efforts to stop the loss of Indian lands. b. with many Indians rejecting its provisions to organize tribes and tribal governments. c. by denouncing it as a "back to the blanket" measure. d. All of these e. None of these

answer

d

question

The federally-owned Tennessee Valley Authority was seen as a particular threat to a. the entire capitalist system. b. the Republican party. c. the automobile industry. d. the private electrical utility industry. e. white southern racial practices.

answer

d

question

The most controversial aspect of the Tennessee Valley Authority was its effort to a. provide cheap electrical power in competition with private industry. b. control floods in the Tennessee and Cumblerland valleys. c. prevent soil erosion throughout the region. d. build housing for poor and middle-class citizens in the region. e. resettle poor farmers on more productive land.

answer

a

question

The Social Security Act of 1935 provided all of the following except a. unemployment insurance. b. old-age pensions. c. economic provisions for the blind and disabled. d. support for the blind and physically handicapped. e. health care for the poor.

answer

e

question

The American Social Security System, established by the New Deal, differed from most European social welfare systems primarily because it a. was opposed by large sectors of the public. b. did not permit the Social Security number to be used for identification and security purposes. c. did not address the issue of single mothers in the home with dependent children. d. linked unemployment and disability insurance to old age pensions. e. did not initially cover all categories of workers.

answer

e

question

The Wagner Act of 1935 proved to be a trailblazing law that a. gave labor the right to bargain collectively. b. established the NRA. c. established the Social Security system. d. authorized the Public Works Administration (PWA). e. guaranteed housing loans to workers.

answer

a

question

The National Labor Relations Act proved most beneficial to a. employers. b. skilled workers. c. the unemployed. d. trade associations. e. unskilled workers.

answer

e

question

The primary interest of the Congress of Industrial Organizations was a. the effective enforcement of yellow dog contracts. b. the organization of trade unions. c. the maintenance of open shop industries. d. the organization of all workers within an industry. e. maintaining existing wage levels.

answer

d

question

President Roosevelt's Court-packing scheme in 1937 reflected his desire to make the Supreme Court a. more conservative. b. more independent of Congress. c. more sympathetic to New Deal programs. d. less burdened with appellate cases. e. more respectful of the Constitution's original intent.

answer

c

question

After Franklin Roosevelt's failed attempt to pack the Supreme Court a. Roosevelt was unable to make any changes in the Court. b. the Democrats lost the next election in 1940. c. Congress permanently set the number of justices at nine. d. much New Deal legislation was ruled unconstitutional. e. the Court began to rule that New Deal programs were constitutional.

answer

e

question

As a result of the 1937 Roosevelt recession a. Roosevelt backed away from further economic experiments. b. Social Security taxes were reduced. c. Republicans gained control of the Senate in 1938. d. Roosevelt adopted Keynesian (planned deficit spending) economics. e. much of the early New Deal was repealed.

answer

d

question

During the 1930s a. the Great Depression forced President Roosevelt to trim the size of the federal bureaucracy. b. the states regained influence over the economy. c. business people eventually came to admire President Roosevelt's New Deal programs. d. the New Deal substantially closed the gap between production and consumption in the American economy. e. the national debt doubled.

answer

e

question

By 1938, the New Deal a. had lost most of its momentum. b. turned more toward direct relief than social reform. c. had plainly failed to achieve its objectives. d. had won over the majority of business people to its policies. e. was prepared to embark on ambitious new initiatives.

answer

a

question

Franklin Roosevelt's New Deal was most notable for a. ending the Great Depression. b. providing moderate social reform without radical revolution or reactionary fascism. c. undermining state and local governments. d. aiding big cities at the expense of farmers. e. attacking the American capitalist system.

answer

b

question

Recently, some historians have argued that the New Deal had a more radical effect on men than women for all of the following reasons except a. Social Security was designed to assist male breadwinners, who were expected to share benefits with their families. b. married women were rarely favored for jobs in New Deal agencies. c. programs maintained or reaffirmed women's traditional roles as wives or mothers. d. programs tended to provide more opportunities to men than women. e. women were recruited to run day care centers and light service sector positions.

answer

e

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