Unit 5 US History Exam – Flashcards
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What community was particularly scarce in Europe after the War?
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food
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Which two countries received the most total aid in 1948, the first year of the Marshall Plan?
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Great Britain and France
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Why do you think the Soviet Union opposed the Marshall Plan?
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-because they wanted to remain communist and not cooperate or remove trade barriers -the soviet union was trying to take over europe, this plan would seriously halt their progress
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How many dollars worth of food and agricultural aid did Italy receive in 1948?
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$210 million dollars
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Which country received the most in total aid in 1948? and how much?
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Great Britain; about 110,000 million dollars
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What event finally moved Congress to approve the Marshall Plan?
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a Soviet uprising put communists in control of Czechoslovakia
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In your own words, explain the following statement: "The Marshall Plan saved Western Europe from being absorbed into the Soviet bloc"
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the Marshall Plan fizzed the European economic problems. if these countries did not receive aid the soviet union would have come in and "provided" the aid they needed and would have taken over.
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What was the policy called to stop the spread of Communism?
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Policy of Containment
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How did the US overcome the Berlin Blockade?
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Berlin Airlift food and supplies into West Berlin
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What are satellite nations?
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countries that is dominated politically and economically by another nation
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Why was NATO created?
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to protect its members from a possible attack from the Soviet Union
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How did the Korean War end up?
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A ceasefire stopped the fighting. There was an armistice signed by North Korea, China and the UN but not South
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What country did General MacArthur want to extended the war to?
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China
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What was the 38th parallel?
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an imaginary line that divides Korea in 38 degree north latitude
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Why did the US consider the Korean War a success?
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increased fear of communist agression
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Why were the Hollywood Ten arrested?
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accused of being communists
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Which committee was responsible for searching for communist especially in the movie industry?
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The House Committee on Un-American Activities (HUAC)
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What is McCarthyism?
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a term referring to Senator Joseph McCarthy and is common saying for reckless and unsubstantiated accusations and public attacks towards communist
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Who were Ethel and Julius Rosenberg?
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Soviet spies sent to steal information and technology
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What US policy is made in response to fear of Soviet military action in the Middle East?
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Eisenhower Doctrine
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What did the Soviet Union create/sign in response to NATO?
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Warsaw Pact
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Why was the hydrogen bomb developed?
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Protect US from the atomic bomb
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What was the U2 incident and it's significance?
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the downing of a US spy planes and capture of its pilot by the Soviet Union in 1960; caused super high tension between two superpowers
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What events in 1962 brought America and the USSR to brinkmanship?
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Cuban Missile Crisis
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What was the Bay of Pigs?
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an American attempt to overthrow the newly established communist government in Cuba by training and sending Cuban rebels
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What was the flexible response military strategy?
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a policy, developed during JFK administration, that involved preparing for a variety of military responses to international crisis rather than focusing on the use of nuclear weapons
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How did the Cuban Missile Crisis end?
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damage Khrushchev's prestige in Soviet Union and remove US missile in Turkey
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What was the purpose of the Berlin Wall?
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-end the Berlin crisis but further aggravated Cold War tensions -reduced the flow of East German refugees to a tiny trickle -keep people from flee to West
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Who was the first American in space?
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Alan Shepard
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In 1961, NASA and President Kennedy wanted to accomplish what by 1969?
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send humans to the moon
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Did the New Frontier program provide health insurance to all Americans?
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no; only to the poor
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What was the domino theory?
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if one land in a region came under the influence of Communists, then more would follow in a domino
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After WWII, the US helped which country in an effort to keep control of Vietnam?
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France
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Which President asked for the Tonkin Golf Resolution?
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Johnson
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How many people died in the My Lai Massacre?
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504
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What was Vietnamization?
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Nixon's policy that involved withdrawing 540,000 US troops from South Vietnam over an extended period of time.
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Why did the US invade Cambodia?
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Nixon ordered troops into Cambodia to disrupt the Ho Chi Minh Trail and other supply lines used by North Vietnam
