Unit 2 Review "Matter and Change"
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What is one difference between a mixture and a compound?
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A mixture is combined with elements and compounds and is a variable composition. A compound is made up of 2 or more elements chemically combined and is a fixed composition.
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What is true about compounds?
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they are substances
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Which of the following is a homogeneous mixture? a) Salt water b) beef stew
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salt water
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Which of the following CANNOT be classified as a substance? a) air b) table salt
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Air
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what distinguishes a substance from a mixture?
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substances are compounds and mixtures are not.
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Separating a solid from a liquid by evaporating the liquid is called __________.
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Distillation
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Which state of matter takes both the shape and volume of its container?
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Gas
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Which of the following items is NOT a compound? a) salad dressing b) table salt
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Salad dressing
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Which of the following is NOT an example of matter? a) heat and light b) air
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heat and light
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Which of the following materials is a substance? a) gasoline b) silver
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Silver
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What is the chemical symbol for iron?
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Fe
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What do chemical symbols and formulas represent, respectively?
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Elements and compounds
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Which substance has a chemical symbol that is derived from a Latin name? a) calcium b) potassium
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Potassium
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Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture? a) soil b) salt water
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Soil
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Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture? a) vinegar in water b) oil and vinegar
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Oil and vinegar
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Which state of matter has a definite shape and a definite volume?
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Solid
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An example of a homogeneous mixture is: a) stainless steel b) noodle soup
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Stainless steel
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Which of the following is used for chemical symbols today? a) letters b) drawings
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letters
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A substance that can be separated into two or more substances only by a chemical change is a: a) mixture b) compound
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compound
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In how many physical states does water commonly exist?
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3 states- liquid, solid, gas
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Which action changes the identity of the substance? a) breaking an ice cube b) corroding iron
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Corroding iron
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What must occur for a change to be a chemical reaction?
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A change in chemical properties
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In the chemical reaction in which sucrose is heated and decomposes to form carbon dioxide and water, what is/are the reactant(s)?
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Sucrose
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Which of the following is a chemical property? a) freezing point b) ability to react with oxygen
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Ability to react with oxygen?
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Which of the following is a chemical property of water at 4 oC? a) its color b) the ability to decompose into hydrogen and oxygen
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the ability to decompose into hydrogen and oxygen
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When paper turns yellow-brown upon exposure to sunlight, what type of change is likely taking place?
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chemical change
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A chemical change occurs when a piece of wood: a) is split b) decays
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Decays
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Which of the following is a physical change? a) rotting of food b) evaporation
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evaporation
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Which of the following does involve a physical change? a) mixing b) decomposing
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Mixing
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Which of the following is a physical property of water? a) it is a colorless liquid b) it is composed of hydrogen and oxygen
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It is a colorless liquid
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Know some examples of physical properties of matter.
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Smell, taste, shape, texture, color
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Which of the following does indicate that a chemical change may have taken place? a) gas production b) fracture formation
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gas production
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Which of the following is true for all chemical reactions? a) the total mass of reactants= total mass of products b) the total mass of the reactants increases
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The total mass of reactants= total mass of products
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What happens to matter during a chemical reaction? a) some matter is destroyed b) matter is neither created nor destroyed
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Matter is neither created or destroyed
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Which of the following are considered physical properties of a substance? a) color and odor b) melting and boiling points
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Color and oor, melting points and boiling points
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Which of the following is a physical change? a) melting cheese b) fermenting of cheese
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Melting cheese
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Which of the following is NOT a physical change to metal? a) melting b) rusting
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Rusting
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Which of the following indicates that a chemical change has happened during cooking? a) the food darkens b) bubbles form in bubbling water
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the food darkens
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What is the melting point of water in degrees Celsius?
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0 degrees
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what is the boiling point of water in degrees Celsius?
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100 degrees
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Which of the following processes does involve a change in chemical properties?
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Burning
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How many grams of liquid water are produced when 60 grams of ice melt?
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60 grams of liquid
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Energy in the form of motion is ______ energy.
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Kinetic
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According to the law of conservation of energy, mechanical energy can be _______ to heat energy.
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transferred
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A rock at the edge of a cliff has _________ energy because of its position.
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potential
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According to the law of conservation of energy, energy ______ be created or destroyed.
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Cannot
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Energy that is stored is _____ energy.
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potential
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Energy stored in food you eat is ________ energy.
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Chemical potential
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Energy is measured in ______.
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joules
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The law of conservation of mass states that the mass of all substances before a _____ change equals the mass of all the substances after the change.
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Chemical
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the basic building block of all matter
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atom
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a pure substance that is made up of more than one type of atom
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compound
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a pure substance that is made up of only one type of atom
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element
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A mixture that consists of visibly different substances
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Heterogeneous mixture
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A mixture that is uniform throughout
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homogeneous mixture
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Law that states that the ratio by mass of the elements in a chemical compound is always the same, regardless of the source of the compound.
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Law of constant composition
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anything that has mass or volume
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matter
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the smallest part of a compound
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molecule
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matter that has a uniform and definite composition
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substance
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change that occurs when one substance is turned into another substance
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chemical change
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property that can be observed only when a substance is changed into a new substance.
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chemical property
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change that does not alter the identity of a substance
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physical change
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property that can be observed without changing the identity of the substance
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physical property
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energy stored in the atoms, molecules, and chemical bonds that make up matter
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chemical potential energy
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the ability to do work or cause change
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Energy
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energy associated with motion
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kinetic energy
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states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can only be changed from one form to another
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law of conservation of energy
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states that the total amount of mass and energy in the universe is conserved (does not change)
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law of conservation of matter and energy
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Stored energy
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Potential energy
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any push or pull applied over a distance
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Work force
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a form of matter that has constant composition throughout
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pure substance
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