Unit 11: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers
question
atomic mass of a proton
answer
1 amu
question
atomic mass of a neutron
answer
1 amu
question
atomic mass of an electron
answer
1/1836
question
electrical charge of a proton
answer
+1
question
electrical charge of an electron
answer
-1
question
location of a proton
answer
inside nucleus
question
location of a neutron
answer
inside nucleus
question
location of an electron
answer
in the surrounding electron cloud (orbiting around the outside)
question
The atomic number is determined by the number of _____ in an atom
answer
protons
question
In a neutral atom, the number of ______ equals the number of _______
answer
protons electrons
question
The atomic mass is equal to the mass of the ______ plus the mass of the ______
answer
protons neutrons
question
To find the number of neutrons in an atom you subtract the _____ by the _____
answer
atomis mass atomic number
question
The charge on an ion indicates an imbalance between ______ and _______
answer
protons electrons
question
More electrons than protons in an atom creates a
answer
negative charge
question
Less electrons than protons in an atom creates a
answer
positive charge
question
The _____ is equal to the number of protons
answer
atomic number
question
Elements come in a variety of isotopes, meaning they are made up of atoms with the same ______ but different _______
answer
atomic number atomic masses
question
these atoms differ in....
answer
the number of neutrons
question
-expensive: power plants to build -used in medicine -used in foods: longer lasting, kills pathogens that spoils it -energy: no sun or wind needed, not burning fossil fuels -used in smoke detectors
answer
nuclear energy
question
one of the pieces of evidence for the fact that atoms are made of smaller particles come from the work of Marie Curie (1876-1934)
answer
Radioactivity
question
discovered radioactivity the spontaneous disintegration of some elements into smaller pieces
answer
Marie Curie
question
Alpha (á), Beta (β), Gamma (y)
answer
Types of radiation
question
a positively charged helium isotope (we usually ignore the charge because it involves electrons, not protons and neutrons) ⁴₂He
answer
Alpha (á)
question
an electron ⁰-₁e
answer
Beta (β)
question
pure energy called a ray rather than a particle ⁰₀y
answer
Gamma (y)
question
neutrons, positron, proton
answer
other nuclear particles
question
¹₀n
answer
neutron
question
a positive electron ⁰+₁e
answer
positron
question
usually referenced to as hydrogen -1 ¹₁H
answer
proton
question
_____ rays pose the greatest external risk
answer
gamma
question
______ pose the greatest risk if emitted from ingested radioactive particles because it's the biggest, whatever it touches it destroys
answer
Alpha
question
_____ is stopped first at paper, _____ is stopped next at 0.5cm of lead, _____ is last and is stopped at 10cm of lead
answer
Alpha (á), Beta (β), Gamma (y)
question
Reactanta yields ____ in nuclear decay
answer
products
question
(# of) determine the element
answer
protons
question
(# of) determine the isotope
answer
neutrons
question
(# of) determine the charge
answer
electrons
question
atoms of the same element that have different # of neutrons
answer
isotope
question
an atom with a charge
answer
ion
question
positive ion
answer
cation
question
negative ion
answer
anion
question
atom with no charge
answer
element
question
coal, natural gases, fossil fuels
answer
energy
question
_____ involve changes in the number of protons and/or neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
answer
nuclear reactions
question
The changes in the number of protons and/or neutrons in the nucleus of an atom during nuclear reactions are called...because an atom of one element is changed into an atom of a different element. During which, the nuclear particles may be absorbed and/or emitted along with a release of energy
answer
transmutations
question
transmutations occur by natural radioactivity
answer
natural radioactive decay
question
the ability of a nucleus to emit a nuclear particle and energy without external stimulation
answer
natural radioactivity
question
certain nuclei having a large mass are bombarded with special particles that cause the nuclei to split into two nuclei each having a smaller mass
answer
fission
question
nuclei of light elements are combined to form heavier nuclei
answer
fusion
question
Alpha particle symbol
answer
⁴₂He
question
Proton symbol
answer
¹₁H
question
the most common hydrogen nucleus is a ____
answer
proton
question
electron symbol
answer
⁰_₁e
question
neutron symbol
answer
¹₀n
question
positron symbol
answer
⁰₁e
question
an electron is also called a
answer
Beta particle
question
Gamma ray symbol
answer
⁰₀Y
question
reactions in which the nuclei of unstable isotopes, called radioisotopes, gain stability by undergoing changes, and these changes are accompanied by emission of large amounts of energy
answer
nuclear reactions
question
_____ are not effected by changes in temperature, pressure, or the presence of catalysts
answer
nuclear reactions
question
does not require energy
answer
radioactive decay
question
consists of helium nuclei that have been emitted from a radioactive source
answer
alpha radiation
question
are emitted during alpha radiation and contain 2 protons/ 2 neutrons and have a double positive charge
answer
alpha particles
question
nuclear equations are always...
answer
balanced
question
alpha particles can be stopped by
answer
paper of a thin piece of lead
question
consists of fast moving electrons formed by the decomposition of a neutron in an atom
answer
Beta radiation
question
Beta particles have ____ charge/ mass than Alpha particles
answer
less
question
beta particles can be stopped by
answer
wood or aluminum foil
question
have no mass or charge
answer
Gamma rays
question
Gamma rays are stopped by
answer
thick pieces of lead or concrete
question
above the atomic number ___ stable nuclei have more neutrons than protons
answer
20
question
is a particle with mass of an electron but has a positive charge
answer
positron
question
all nuclei with an atomic numb greater than __ are radioactive, they have too many neutrons/ protons
answer
83
question
the time required for one-half of the nuclei of a radioisotope sample to decay to products
answer
half life
question
after one half life, ____ of the original radioactive atoms have decayed into atoms of a new element
answer
half
question
small nuclei combine, ²₁H + ³₁H -> ⁴₂He + ¹₀n + Energy, occurs in the sun and other stars
answer
nuclear fusion
question
the amount of time it takes for half a sample to decompose
answer
half life
question
particle on the left of the equation (key words)
answer
Absorbes, Bombard, Capture
question
particle on the right of the equation (key words)
answer
Decay, Emission
question
is an attempt to "correct" the ratio of neutrons to protons
answer
radioactive decay
question
when the neutron to proton ratio is _____ then it looses or captures particles
answer
unbalanced
question
elements beyond 92 (after uranium, transuranium) made starting with a Gamma reaction
answer
Transuranium elements
question
-breaking down of an unstable nucleus -starts stable and to make it unstable they hit a nucleus with a neutron to regain stability, it splits into 2 different elements
answer
nuclear fission
Get an explanation on any task
Get unstuck with the help of our AI assistant in seconds
New