question

atomic mass of a proton

answer

1 amu

question

atomic mass of a neutron

answer

1 amu

question

atomic mass of an electron

answer

1/1836

question

electrical charge of a proton

answer

+1

question

electrical charge of an electron

answer

-1

question

location of a proton

answer

inside nucleus

question

location of a neutron

answer

inside nucleus

question

location of an electron

answer

in the surrounding electron cloud (orbiting around the outside)

question

The atomic number is determined by the number of _____ in an atom

answer

protons

question

In a neutral atom, the number of ______ equals the number of _______

answer

protons electrons

question

The atomic mass is equal to the mass of the ______ plus the mass of the ______

answer

protons neutrons

question

To find the number of neutrons in an atom you subtract the _____ by the _____

answer

atomis mass atomic number

question

The charge on an ion indicates an imbalance between ______ and _______

answer

protons electrons

question

More electrons than protons in an atom creates a

answer

negative charge

question

Less electrons than protons in an atom creates a

answer

positive charge

question

The _____ is equal to the number of protons

answer

atomic number

question

Elements come in a variety of isotopes, meaning they are made up of atoms with the same ______ but different _______

answer

atomic number atomic masses

question

these atoms differ in....

answer

the number of neutrons

question

-expensive: power plants to build -used in medicine -used in foods: longer lasting, kills pathogens that spoils it -energy: no sun or wind needed, not burning fossil fuels -used in smoke detectors

answer

nuclear energy

question

one of the pieces of evidence for the fact that atoms are made of smaller particles come from the work of Marie Curie (1876-1934)

answer

Radioactivity

question

discovered radioactivity the spontaneous disintegration of some elements into smaller pieces

answer

Marie Curie

question

Alpha (á), Beta (β), Gamma (y)

answer

Types of radiation

question

a positively charged helium isotope (we usually ignore the charge because it involves electrons, not protons and neutrons) ⁴₂He

answer

Alpha (á)

question

an electron ⁰-₁e

answer

Beta (β)

question

pure energy called a ray rather than a particle ⁰₀y

answer

Gamma (y)

question

neutrons, positron, proton

answer

other nuclear particles

question

¹₀n

answer

neutron

question

a positive electron ⁰+₁e

answer

positron

question

usually referenced to as hydrogen -1 ¹₁H

answer

proton

question

_____ rays pose the greatest external risk

answer

gamma

question

______ pose the greatest risk if emitted from ingested radioactive particles because it's the biggest, whatever it touches it destroys

answer

Alpha

question

_____ is stopped first at paper, _____ is stopped next at 0.5cm of lead, _____ is last and is stopped at 10cm of lead

answer

Alpha (á), Beta (β), Gamma (y)

question

Reactanta yields ____ in nuclear decay

answer

products

question

(# of) determine the element

answer

protons

question

(# of) determine the isotope

answer

neutrons

question

(# of) determine the charge

answer

electrons

question

atoms of the same element that have different # of neutrons

answer

isotope

question

an atom with a charge

answer

ion

question

positive ion

answer

cation

question

negative ion

answer

anion

question

atom with no charge

answer

element

question

coal, natural gases, fossil fuels

answer

energy

question

_____ involve changes in the number of protons and/or neutrons in the nucleus of an atom

answer

nuclear reactions

question

The changes in the number of protons and/or neutrons in the nucleus of an atom during nuclear reactions are called...because an atom of one element is changed into an atom of a different element. During which, the nuclear particles may be absorbed and/or emitted along with a release of energy

answer

transmutations

question

transmutations occur by natural radioactivity

answer

natural radioactive decay

question

the ability of a nucleus to emit a nuclear particle and energy without external stimulation

answer

natural radioactivity

question

certain nuclei having a large mass are bombarded with special particles that cause the nuclei to split into two nuclei each having a smaller mass

answer

fission

question

nuclei of light elements are combined to form heavier nuclei

answer

fusion

question

Alpha particle symbol

answer

⁴₂He

question

Proton symbol

answer

¹₁H

question

the most common hydrogen nucleus is a ____

answer

proton

question

electron symbol

answer

⁰_₁e

question

neutron symbol

answer

¹₀n

question

positron symbol

answer

⁰₁e

question

an electron is also called a

answer

Beta particle

question

Gamma ray symbol

answer

⁰₀Y

question

reactions in which the nuclei of unstable isotopes, called radioisotopes, gain stability by undergoing changes, and these changes are accompanied by emission of large amounts of energy

answer

nuclear reactions

question

_____ are not effected by changes in temperature, pressure, or the presence of catalysts

answer

nuclear reactions

question

does not require energy

answer

radioactive decay

question

consists of helium nuclei that have been emitted from a radioactive source

answer

alpha radiation

question

are emitted during alpha radiation and contain 2 protons/ 2 neutrons and have a double positive charge

answer

alpha particles

question

nuclear equations are always...

answer

balanced

question

alpha particles can be stopped by

answer

paper of a thin piece of lead

question

consists of fast moving electrons formed by the decomposition of a neutron in an atom

answer

Beta radiation

question

Beta particles have ____ charge/ mass than Alpha particles

answer

less

question

beta particles can be stopped by

answer

wood or aluminum foil

question

have no mass or charge

answer

Gamma rays

question

Gamma rays are stopped by

answer

thick pieces of lead or concrete

question

above the atomic number ___ stable nuclei have more neutrons than protons

answer

20

question

is a particle with mass of an electron but has a positive charge

answer

positron

question

all nuclei with an atomic numb greater than __ are radioactive, they have too many neutrons/ protons

answer

83

question

the time required for one-half of the nuclei of a radioisotope sample to decay to products

answer

half life

question

after one half life, ____ of the original radioactive atoms have decayed into atoms of a new element

answer

half

question

small nuclei combine, ²₁H + ³₁H -> ⁴₂He + ¹₀n + Energy, occurs in the sun and other stars

answer

nuclear fusion

question

the amount of time it takes for half a sample to decompose

answer

half life

question

particle on the left of the equation (key words)

answer

Absorbes, Bombard, Capture

question

particle on the right of the equation (key words)

answer

Decay, Emission

question

is an attempt to "correct" the ratio of neutrons to protons

answer

radioactive decay

question

when the neutron to proton ratio is _____ then it looses or captures particles

answer

unbalanced

question

elements beyond 92 (after uranium, transuranium) made starting with a Gamma reaction

answer

Transuranium elements

question

-breaking down of an unstable nucleus -starts stable and to make it unstable they hit a nucleus with a neutron to regain stability, it splits into 2 different elements

answer

nuclear fission

Unit 11: Atomic Structure and Nuclear Chemistry – Flashcards

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