Unit 1: Organic Chemistry -Introduction to Organic Chemistry (Chem) – Flashcards
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Organic Chemistry
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Study of carbon compounds
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Organic Compounds
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-contain carbon -have covalent bonds (share e- btwn non-metals)
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Polar
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Unequal sharing of e- (difference in electronegativity)
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Non-Polar
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Equal sharing of e-
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Carbon Compounds: Hydrocarbons
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Compounds of carbon and hydrogen only
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Carbon Compounds: Derivatives
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Carbon compounds with mostly oxygen, nitrogen, and halogen
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Type of Hydrocarbon: Aliphatic
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Straight chains and ring structures (cyclic)
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Type of Hydrocarbon: Aromatic
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Contains benzene ring
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Carbon Single Bond
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C2H6 Tetrahedral Alkane Non-polar
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Carbon Double Bond
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C2H4 Trigonal Alkene Non-polar
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Carbon Triple Bond
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C2H2 Linear Alkyne Non-polar
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Number Naming
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1- mono 2- di 3- tri 4- tetra 5- penta 6- hexa 7- hepta 8- octa 9- nona 10- deca
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Differences btwn Carbon Bonds
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-number of bonds btwn carbons -as Carbon bonds increase, hydrogens decrease -different number of atoms attached to carbons (same # of bonds)
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Similarities btwn Carbon Bonds
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-all have two carbons -each hydrogen has a single bond -all have same number of bonds (diff # of atoms)
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Naming- IUPAC (Number of carbons)
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1- meth 2- eth 3- prop 4- but 5- pent 6- hex 7- hept 8- oct 9- non 10- dec
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Molecular Formula
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Indicates # of atoms present ex. C4H10
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Structural Formula
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Shows how atoms are arranged H H | | H-C-C-H | | H H
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Condensed Structural Formula
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CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3
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Condensed Formula
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CH3CH2CH2CH3 -bracket used to show bond or to state how many of an atom there are
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Line Diagram
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Points on lines represent Carbon atoms
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Alkyl Group Branches
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Methyl Ethyl Propyl Butyl *Isopropyl
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Other Branch Names
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Cl- cloro Br- bromo I- iodo F- fluro NO2- nitro NH2- amino OH- hydroxy
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Line Diagram: drawing alkyl's
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1 line: methyl 2 lines: ethyl 3 lines: propyl
