question

From the end of the civil war to the turn of the century

answer

Corporations grew in size and power

question

All of the following factors helped accelerate economic growth after the civil war EXCEPT

answer

The use of prison labor by railroad companies

question

Interconnected transportation and communications networks were essential to the origins of the Second Industrial Revolution in the United States because

answer

They facilitated the emergence of a national and even international markets for American goods and services

question

A transcontinental railroad was not built before the civil war because

answer

North-south sectional differences prevented congress from selecting a route

question

The first transcontinental railroad

answer

Was built by the central pacific and the Union Pacific railroads

question

One of the main reasons that electric motors were significant to the industrialization of the late nineteenth century was that they

answer

Freed factories to locate wherever they wished, and not just by waterfalls and coal deposits

question

The invention of electric motors did all of the following EXCEPT

answer

Led to the bankruptcy of the Edison electric illuminating company

question

Thomas Alva Edison invented the

answer

First light bulb

question

The Pennsylvania oil rish

answer

Outweighed, in economic importance, the California gold rush of a decade before

question

Which of the following best accounts for he success of standard oil?

answer

Its corporate structure--known as vertical integration-- allowed the company to grow tremendously

question

Holding companies

answer

Are firms that control the stock of other companies

question

"Trusts" like Rockefeller's standard oil trust were vulnerable because they

answer

Were appealing targets for prosecution on the grounds of monopoly or restraint of trade

question

When it came to steel, Andrew Carnegie did all the following EXCEPT

answer

Have technical expertise in it

question

J. Pierpont Morgan is distinguished from business leaders such as Andrew Carnegie and john d. Rockefeller because he was the only one

answer

Who came from an elite, privileged background

question

During the gilded age, the rich were getting richer qns

answer

Many other people were at least better off

question

For industrial workers in gilded age america

answer

Working and living conditions remained precarious

question

All of the following statements are reasons why child labor was problematic EXCEPT

answer

Child laborers took well-paying jobs from legal immigrants

question

The great railroad strike of 1877 was provoked by

answer

Wage cuts that followed a depression

question

The workingmen's party of California

answer

Was based in anti-Chinese sentiment

question

The great railroad strike of 1877

answer

Ended when the workers, who lacked organized bargaining power, returned to work

question

The national labor union

answer

Was influential in getting congress to enact an eight-hour workday for federal employees

question

Why was there a growth of craft unions during the civil war?

answer

The war sparked an increased demand for skilled labor

question

The knights of labor

answer

Called for men and women to have equal pay for equal work

question

The greatest growth of the knights of labor took place

answer

Under the leadership of Terence powderly, when the union had several strikes against the railroads

question

The knights of labor declined for all the following reasons EXCEPT

answer

Its leader Terence Powderly died

question

The haymarket affair

answer

Was blamed on seven anarchist leaders despite a lack of evidence

question

The American federation of labor

answer

Was primarily concerned with securing concrete economic gains

question

Membership in the American federation of labor at first

answer

Grew slowly

question

How did the AFL differ from the knights of labor?

answer

The AFL was a federation of national organizations, each of which retained a large degree of its autonomy, while the knights organization was more centralized

question

The homestead strike

answer

Was waged against a Carnegie company

question

All of the following statements are true of the Pinkertons EXCEPT

answer

They won every battle they were sent into

question

Violence erupted at the homestead works in 1892 when

answer

Henry frick tried to break a strike by bringing in pinkertons

question

Why were mail cars connected to the Pullman cars during the Pullman strike?

answer

To justify federal intervention to end the strike by allowing railroad executives to claim the strike interfered with the mail

question

President Grover Cleveland's response to the Pullman strike was to

answer

Send federal troops to keep the trains running

question

Marxism, one strain of socialism, was imported to the United States mainly by

answer

Germans

question

Daniel de Leon

answer

Was the leading figure in the socialist labor party

question

Which of the following statements about the socialist party of America is not true?

answer

Its support was confined to industrial workers in the northeast

question

The state that gave the highest percentage vote to the socialist presidential candidate in 1912 was

answer

Oklahoma

question

The industrial workers of the world

answer

Had its origin in the mining and lumber camps of the west

question

William d. "Big bill" Haywood

answer

Was the leader of the industrial workers of the world

question

The IWW was effectively destroyed when it

answer

Opposed American involvement in world war 1

question

Joe hill, the labor organizer, was NOT

answer

Convicted of treason

question

The major prophet of the new south gospel was

answer

Henry w. Grady

question

The new south gospel emphasized all the following EXCEPT

answer

Women's rights

question

Proponents of creating a "new south" argued that the confederacy lost the civil war because

answer

It relied too much on king cotton

question

Proponents of the new south believed that the south should

answer

Industrialize

question

In the late 1800s, the south experienced major increases in the production of all of the following areas EXCEPT

answer

Automobiles

question

The American tobacco company

answer

Dominated the u.s. Tobacco industry by the twentieth century

question

Why was Alabama named the "Pittsburgh of the south"?

answer

It was an iron center

question

Who was a prominent southern tobacco executive in the south during the late nineteenth century?

answer

James Buchanan Duke

question

King cotton survived the civil war and expanded over new acreate

answer

Because traditional overplanting of the crop continued

question

The postwar south suffered from an acute shortage of

answer

Capital

question

Bourbons

answer

Was a term used to refer to the new south political leadership that meant to depict that leadership as reactionary

question

Perhaps the ultimate paradox of the bourbons' rule was that their paragons of white supremacy tolerated

answer

A lingering black voice in politics

question

Under bourbon rule in the south, state spending for public education

answer

Dramatically declined

question

The very poor generally did not migrate to the west because

answer

They generally could not afford the expense of transportation, land, and supplies

question

All of the following groups were prominent in the west during the late nineteenth century EXCEPT

answer

Slaves

question

Black migrants to the west were called exodusters because

answer

They were often making their exodus from the south

question

As many as 25 percent of the cowboys who participated in the Texas cattle drives were

answer

African American

question

What was a "fifty-niner"?

answer

A miner who came to Colorado following several new discoveries made in 1859

question

The comstock lode refers to

answer

A mining discovery of gold and silver in Nevada

question

Six states were created from the western territories in the years 1889-1890. These states were not admitted before 1889 because

answer

Democrats in congress were reluctant to create states out of territories that were heavily republican

question

Why was the fort Laramie treaty signed in 1851 significant to westward expansion?

answer

It allowed white emigrants to travel on the trails of plains Indians unmolested

question

Following the 1867 "Report on the Condition of the Indian Tribes," congress decided that the best way to end the Indian wars was to

answer

Persuade the Indians to live on out-of-the-way reservations

question

In the battle at the Little Bighorn river in 1876

answer

Some 2,500 Indians annihilated a detachment of 210 soldiers

question

The Indian tribe that defeated Custer and put up the greatest resistance to u.s. domination was the

answer

Sioux

question

By the late nineteenth century, chief Joseph of the nez perce Indians believed

answer

The time had come to stop fighting and put a stop to his people's needless deaths

question

Why was Helen hunt Jackson's book A Century of Dishonor so influential?

answer

It affected American attitudes toward Indians similar to how Uncle Tom's Cabin mobilized the abolitionist movement a generation earlier

question

In 1877, president Rutherford Hayes addressed the American approach to dealing with native Americans, saying

answer

"Indian wars have had their origin in broken promises and acts of injustice on our part"

question

What was the purpose of the Dawes severalty act?

answer

It sought to "Americanize" Indians by dealing with them as individuals

question

The first great cowtown was

answer

Abilene, Kansas

question

"Cowtown" refers to

answer

Towns that grew up in the west as a result of the expanding cattle industry

question

As railroads spread in Texas and across the plains, the cattle business

answer

Spread with them

question

Joseph glidden

answer

Perfected the invention of barbed wire

question

The factor most responsible for making farming on the plains more difficult was its

answer

Unforgiving environment and mercurial weather

question

Congress passed the homestead act

answer

To encourage settlement of the western lands

question

This export crop spurred growth in agriculture in the west during the late nineteenth century

answer

Wheat

question

The fight for survival in the trans-Mississippi west made men and women

answer

More equal partners than were their eastern counterparts

question

In much of the nineteenth century, women in Texas were legally prohibited from

answer

Serving in juries

question

The 1890 census reporter that

answer

The frontier era in American development was over

question

The historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that

answer

The frontier shaped America's national character

question

The so-called frontier thesis is problematic because, among other things, it

answer

Exaggerated the homogenizing effect of the frontier environment and virtually ignored the role of women

question

Why was the development of cast-iron and steel-frame construction techniques significant to the growth of cities?

answer

They allowed developers to erect high-rise buildings

question

Which region of the United States had the greatest proportion of urban dwellers?

answer

The far west

question

One of the reasons mass transit was significant to developing cities was because

answer

It allowed large numbers of people to become commuters and live away from the central city

question

By 1900, all of the following technologies had helped transform mass transit EXCEPT

answer

Gasoline-powered buses

question

Tenement houses in New York City

answer

Had higher mortality rates than among the general population

question

As a result of overcrowding, sanitation, and ventilation problems in tenements

answer

The mortality rate among the urban poor was much higher than the general population

question

All of the following contributed to epidemics, disease, and high mortality rates in the growing cities EXCEPT

answer

The banishment of animals to outside city limits

question

The public health officials and municipal engineers who tried to clean up the city and its public health dangers were called

answer

Sanitary reformers

question

One advantage of the large amount of animal waste generated in early cities was that it

answer

Fertilized vegetable farms outside major cities

question

With the move of American cities toward regular trash-collection services, by 1900 what percentage of cities provided this service?

answer

94 percent

question

What do cholera, typhoid, and yellow fever all have in common?

answer

They are all water-related diseases

question

In 1890, New York City had twice as many Irish as

answer

Dublin

question

After 1890, most immigrants were

answer

From southern and Eastern Europe

question

Ellis island was located right outside

answer

New York City

question

The Chinese exclusion act of 1882 was significant in American immigration history because it

answer

Was the first federal law to restrict immigration on the basis of race and class

question

"Nativists" believed that

answer

Immigrants threatened traditional American culture

question

All of the following motivated nativists EXCEPT

answer

Advocacy of multiculturalism

question

The exclusion of chinese immigrants

answer

Originally called for a ten-year term

question

Angel island was

answer

The equivalent of Ellis island located offshore from San Francisco

question

Middle- and upper-class urban families spent much of their leisure time

answer

Together at home playing games or reading books

question

All of the following statements about newspapers in the late nineteenth century are true EXCEPT

answer

They usually did not support either of the national political parties

question

Around 1900, saloons did all of the following EXCEPT

answer

Serve as a great place for immigrant men to meet women

question

One of the reasons parks and outdoor recreation became popular in the late nineteenth century was because

answer

Concerns over congestion and disease led many to seek ways to restore their vitality and improve their health

question

In the late nineteenth century, the least likely place you would find a woman spending her leisure time was

answer

At a saloon

question

Frederick Law Olmsted is most famous for designing

answer

Great urban parks in America

question

Why were bicycles especially popular with women?

answer

They allowed women to break free of Victorian restrictions by offering opportunities for freedom and exercise

question

Why did so many of the urban working poor often seek recreation and leisure on street corners and front stoops?

answer

They did not have sufficient free time or money to enjoy many of the other leisure and entertainment options

question

Facing severe restrictions in their free time, married working women pfyen

answer

Found fellowship with other women on the public streets while tending to other responsibilities

question

Young urban women eager for recreation often encountered far more obstacles than men because

answer

Parents and authorities tried to limit their access to "cheap amusements"

question

All of the following statements about football are true EXCEPT

answer

It was invented by James Naismith in Springfield, Massachusetts

question

Dr. James Naismith invented

answer

The game of basketball

question

All of the following emerged as popular spectator sports with mass appeal in urban areas in the late nineteenth century EXCEPT

answer

Shuffleboard

question

Baseball could lay claim to being the most democratic sport in nineteenth-century America because

answer

People of all social classes attended the games

question

The first professional baseball team was the

answer

Cincinnati red stockings

question

Herbert spencer

answer

Coined the phrase "survival of the fittest"

question

A strict social Darwinist would object to all of the following EXCEPT

answer

A governmental policy of "hands off" in regard to business

question

William graham sumner

answer

Argued in his book "folkways" that it was a mistake for the government to interfere with established customs

question

The main idea of reform Darwinism was that

answer

Cooperation, not competition, would best promote progress

question

Lester frank ward's version of the reform Darwinism argued all of the following EXCEPT

answer

Humanity cannot control the process of evolution

question

Why was Lester frank ward's "dynamic sociology" considered a challenge to William graham sumner's "social Darwinism"?

answer

Ward argued that cooperation among people better promoted progress, while sumner believed in competition

question

When mark Twain and Charles Dudley warner labeled the post-civil war era the "gilded age", they implied that it was characterized by

answer

Widespread greed and corruption

question

One of the most important reasons that voter turnout was so high during the gilded age was that

answer

Due to patronage and corruption by political machines, almost every government job was subject to the results of the latest election

question

Voter turnout during the gilded age was commonly

answer

Between 70 and 80 percent

question

Which of the following would most likely have been a gilded age republican

answer

A Prohibitionist

question

Which of the following would most likely have been a gilded age democrat

answer

An Irish immigrant

question

The stalwarts

answer

Were led by Roscoe conkling

question

Which of the following best describes Rutherford b. Hayes and civil service reform?

answer

Hayes did not get civil service legislation through congress, but he set up his own rules for merit appointments

question

Chester a. Arthur did not win a second term in 1884 because

answer

Republican Party leaders were not pleased with his first-term record and did not nominate him to run for a second term

question

The Pendleton civil service act

answer

Provided for appointment to a number of government jobs on the basis of competitive exams

question

As president, Chester Arthur proved to be

answer

Surprisingly competent and independent

question

The mulligan letters tied former speaker of the house James Blaine to

answer

The bribes of rich railroad barons

question

During the campaign for the presidential election of 1884, many prominent republican leaders and supporters left the party because

answer

Letters were discovered linking candidate James g. Blaine to the railroads

question

Mugwumps were centered in

answer

Large cities and major universities in the northeast

question

When a republican supporter of James Blaine made a reference to the Democratic Party as the party of "rum, Romanism, and rebellion," it hurt James blaine's presidential campaign because

answer

Democrats spread the word that Blaine was anti-Irish and anti-catholic despite his public claims to the contrary

question

Grover Cleveland

answer

Saw government's role as strictly limited

question

Who of the following was named the father of an illegitimate child?

answer

Grover Cleveland

question

Why was the interstate commerce commission created?

answer

To regulate railroads

question

Why did president cleveland's support of tariff reform hurt his reelection chances in 1888?

answer

It inspired business leaders who supported high tariffs to donate millions of dollars to the republican campaign to defeat Cleveland

question

To fend off cleveland's efforts to reduce the tariff, _______ gave the republicans over $3 million in the election of 1888

answer

Business pwners

question

All of the following laws were passed during the Harrison administration EXCEPT the

answer

Pendleton civil service reform act

question

Benjamin Harrison lost the popular vote in the 1888 election. How was he able to win the presidency?

answer

He earned a majority of the electoral votes

question

The McKinley tariff of 1890

answer

Raised duties on manufactured goods

question

Commodity prices during the gilded age declined in large part because of

answer

Overproduction and international competitor in world markets

question

Passage of the "granger laws"

answer

Laid a foundation for stronger legislation to follow

question

The Supreme Court decision Munn v. Illinois was significant to understanding the power of government to regulate industry because

answer

It upheld the right of state and local governments to regulate industry essential to the public welfare

question

The independent national party

answer

Was more commonly known as the greenback party

question

What distinguished the farmers' alliances from the granger movement?

answer

The grange was a national organization that tended to attract more prosperous farmers, while the alliances were grassroots organizations filled with struggling farmers

question

Mary elizabeth lease

answer

Was a Kansas alliance leader

question

All of the following were included in the 1892 Omaha platform of the people's party EXCEPT

answer

A return to the gold standard

question

In the presidential election of 1892, the populist candidate

answer

Won twenty-two electoral votes

question

Why did the populists endorse an eight-hour workday and immigration restrictions as part of their 1892 platform?

answer

They were hoping to win support from urban factory workers to complement their agrarian base

question

One cause of the 1893 depression was the failure of

answer

The Philadelphia and reading railroad

question

In the depression of 1893, unemployment hovered around

answer

20 percent

question

In the 1896 campaign, William jennings Bryan

answer

Spoke and campaigned all over the country

question

"You shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold!" This statement was made by

answer

William Jennings Bryan

question

In the presidential election of 1896, all of the following may have applied to William Jennings Bryan EXCEPT that he

answer

Won after gaining the support of Theodore Roosevelt

question

One of the main reasons McKinley defeated Bryan in the election of 1896 was that

answer

Bryan got little support from factory workers in the cities

question

The Mississippi plan of disenfranchisement included all of the following EXCEPT a(n)

answer

Provision disqualifying anyone who owned less than $300 in personal property

question

In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court

answer

Upheld a southern segregation law

question

Why was the Supreme Court's ruling in plessy v. Ferguson so significant?

answer

Segregation was permitted on the basis of establishing "separate but equal" facilities

question

The lynching of blacks in the south

answer

Increased at about the same time that Jim Crow laws spread throughout the south

question

Who was the first president of the national association of colored women?

answer

Mary church Terrell

question

Booker t. Washington

answer

Offered an indirect endorsement of segregation

question

What was the aid of W.E.B. Du Bois's opposition to booker t. Washington

answer

Du bois objected to Washington's emphasis on vocational education for blacks and advocated ceaseless political agitation against discrimination and segregation

question

Economic prosperity was returning to the country by 1897 because of the

answer

Inflationary impact of various gold discoveries around the world

question

Economic prosperity was returning to the country by 1897 because of the

answer

Inflationary impact of various gold discoveries around the world

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