question

the socialist most likely to have a medical degree is a

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psychiatrist

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the psychologist most likely to help an attorney make selections of jury members is a _ psychologist

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forensic

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professor crisman believes that most women prefer tall and physically strong partners because this preference enhanced the survival of our ancestors' genes. this viewpoint best illustrates the _ perspective

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evolutionary

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dr. preston is a specialist who goes to areas that have been hit by natural disasters and works with teams there to manage the resulting cries among the members of the public who have been affected. dr. preston is most likely a _ psychologist

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community

question

in its early years, psychology focused on the study of _, but from the 1920s into the 1960s, american psychologists emphasized the study of _

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mental life; observable behavior

question

mrs. thompson believes that her son has become an excellent student because she consistently uses praise and affection to stimulate his learning efforts. her belief best illustrates a _ perspective

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behavioral

question

dr. robinson conducts basic research on the relationship between brain chemistry and intellectual functioning. which psychological specialty does dr. robinson's research best represent?

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biological perspective

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a clinical psychologist who explains behavior in terms of unconscious drives and conflicts is employing a _ perspective

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psychodynamic

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which of the following innovations differentiated wilhelm wundt's research the most from any psychologist before him?

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laboratory research

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which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses?

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behavioral

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dr. ochoa develops tests to accurately identify the most qualified job applicants in a large manufacturing firm. which psychological specialty does dr. ocher's work best represent?

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industrial-organizational psychology

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janna has low self-esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. appreciating the complexity of janna's difficulties requires

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a biopsychosocial approach

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who would most likely to emphasize the role of the unconscious in affecting behavior?

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sigmund freud

question

who was the american philosopher who authored a textbook in 1890 for the emerging discipline of psychology?

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william james

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which psychological perspective highlights the manner in which people encode, process, store, and retrieve information?

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cognitive

question

behaviorists dismissed the value of

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introspection

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dr. santaniello conducts basic research on how children's moral thinking changes as they grow older. it is most likely that dr. santaniello is a _ psychologist

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developmental

question

dr. wilcox conducts basic research on the behavioral differences between shy and outgoing people. dr. wilcox is most likely a _ psychologist

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personality

question

working in a community mental health center, dr. thatcher treats adults who suffer from sever depression. dr. thatcher is most likely a _ psychologist

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clinical

question

who would have been most likely to ignore mental processes and to define psychology as "the scientific study of observable behavior"

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john b. watson

question

the early school of psychology known as functionalism was developed by

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william james

question

dr. welker decided on his career path after seeing two of his grandparents experience alzheimer's disease. because he now works in the diagnosis and treatment of alzheimer's disease, he must be considered a _

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neuropsychologist

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dr. mills conducts research on why individuals conform to the behaviors and opinions of others. which specialty area does his research best represent?

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social psychology

question

in Wilhelm wundt's experiments, participants were asked to press a key as soon as they were consciously aware of perceiving a sound. by asking participants to examine and report conscious experiences, wundt was making use of which of the following?

answer

introspection

question

which perspective is most concerned with how individuals interpret their experiences

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cognitive

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margaret has difficulty speaking in front of her classmates and explains how everyone in her family is shy. using the biopsychosocial approach to understand her behavior, margaret should

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examine additional psychological and social-cultural influences on shyness

question

which approach is most directly concerned with assessing the relative impact of both nature and nurture

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biopsychosocial

question

windiest early experiments were attempts to investigate

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the simplest mental processes

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biological perspective in psych would be most likely to emphasize that behavior is influenced by

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blood chemistry

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dr. kozak has concluded that the unusually low incidence of alcohol dependence among citizens of a small african country can be attributed to strong fundamentalist religious influences in that region, illustrating _ perspective

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social-cultural

question

the psychologist who would be least likely to participate in devising ways to improve teaching and learning in a classroom would be

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experimental

question

which perspective is most relevant to understanding the impact of strokes and brain diseases on memory

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biological

question

functionalism was a school of psych that focused attention on

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adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions

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humanistic psychologists focused on the importance of

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healthy growth potential

question

in explaining human behavior, psychoanalysts are likely to focus on _, whereas humanistic psychologists concentrate on _

answer

childhood experiences and unconscious thought processes; current environmental influences on potential

question

which psychologist was the first woman to receive a ph.d in psych after harvard declined to give mary calkins the ph.d

answer

margaret washburn

question

the biopsychosocial approach provides an understanding of social-culturla influences integrated within the larger framework of

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multiple levels on analysis

question

mrs. alfieri believes that her husband's angry outbursts against her result form his unconscious hatred of his own mother. she's looking at her husband's behavior from a _ perspective

answer

psychodynamic

question

mr. kay is interested in whether individual differences affect learning. he is most likely a _ psychologist

answer

educational

question

the cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how

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people encode, process, store, and retrieve information

question

which area of psych might be best suited to investigate the following research q: what happens in our brains when we forget details about stressful life events, and how does this process affect behavior

answer

cognitive neuroscience

question

unreliability of introspection contributed to waning popularity of

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structuralism

question

who was the student of william james that was the first female president of the apa

answer

mary calkins

question

distinctive feature of psychodynamic perspective is its emphasis on

answer

unconscious conflicts

question

contemporary psych is best define as the scientific study of

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behavior and mental processes

question

arguments as to whether psychological differences between men and women result from biological or social influences most clearly involved a debate over the issue of

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nature vs nurture

question

dr. anderson spends much of his time studying the behaviors of rats who are learning to run mazes in his lab on campus, as well as teaching courses at the university. because of his focus on the basic behaviors of animals, he is considered to be a _ psychologist

answer

experimental

question

which perspective highlights the reproductive advantages of inherited psych traits

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evolutionary

question

dr. veenstra conducts basic research n the impact of racial prejudice on behavior. he is most likely a _ psychologist

answer

social

question

clinical psychologists specialize in

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providing therapy to troubled people

question

hindsight bias leads people to perceive research findings as

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unsurprising

question

according to emily's grandfather, adult hitler's obvious emotional instability made it clear from the beginning days of his international conflicts that germany would inevitably lost wwii

answer

the hindsight bias

question

formulating testable hypotheses before conducting research is most directly useful for restraining a thinking error known as

answer

the hindsight bias

question

when provided with the unscrambled solution to anagrams, people underestimate the difficulty of solving the anagrams by themselves

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overconfidence

question

thinking that she had outperformed most of her classmates, glenda was surprised to receive just an average grade on her psych test

answer

overconfidence

question

which of the following q's most likely could be answered using an empirical approach

answer

what causes aggression?

question

what do scientists call an explanation that organizes observations and predicts future behaviors or events

answer

theory

question

professor shalet contends that parents and children have similar levels of intelligence largely because they share common genes

answer

theory

question

define hypothesis

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testable prediction that gives direction to research

question

hypotheses are best described as

answer

predictions

question

dr. roberts hypothesized that students in a classroom seating 30 would get higher course grades than students seated in an auditorium seating 300

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classroom size has been operationally defined

question

a specification of how a researcher measures a research variable is known as

answer

operational definition

question

the process of replication is most likely to be facilitated by

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operational definitions

question

importance of replication to science

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repeated research with similar results increases confidence in the reliability of the original findings

question

which research method is typically used to examine one participant in depth, usually because the individual's situation/behavior is rare of unusual?

answer

case study

question

the biggest danger of relying on case-study evidence

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may be unrepresentative of what is generally true

question

psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimpanzee societies in the jungle are using what research method

answer

naturalistic observation

question

which research method would be most appropriate for investigating the relationship between religious beliefs of americans and their attitudes toward abortion

answer

the survey

question

in order to learn about the political attitudes of all students enrolled in asu, professor randomly selected 800 of these students to complete a questionnaire. all students enrolled in asu are the

answer

population

question

to assess reactions to a proposed tuition hike at her college, ariana sent a questionnaire to every 15th person in the college registrar's alphabetical list, using what technique

answer

random sampling

question

georgoe was worried about his baker'y new cupcakes after 2 customers disliked them on the first day, but when he surveyed his customers over the next week, more than 90% said they loved them. by giving too much weight to those 2 customers before the survey committed an error known as

answer

a sampling bias

question

correlational research is most useful for purposes of

answer

prediction

question

a correlation coefficient is a measure of the

answer

direction and strength of the relationship between 2 variables

question

to graphically represent the correlation between 2 variables researchers often construct a

answer

scatterplot

question

if psychologists discovered that wealthy people are less satisfied with their marriages than poor people, what correlation is this

answer

negatively correlated

question

if the correlation between the physical weight and reading ability of children is +.85 this would indicate

answer

better reading ability is associated with greater physical weight among children

question

weakest correlation coefficient

answer

-.12

question

strongest correlation coefficient

answer

-.67

question

to discover the extent to which economic status can be used to predict political preferences, researchers are most likely to use

answer

correlational measures

question

following the scientific discovery that a specific brain structure is significantly larger in violent individuals than in those who are nonviolent, a news headline announced "enlarged brain structure triggers violent acts"

answer

confusing correlation with causation

question

which of following statements about correlation and causation is most correct

answer

correlation indicated the possibility of a casual relationship, but it does not prove causation

question

define illusory correlation

answer

a perceived but nonexistent correlation

question

a researcher interested in proving a casual relationship between 2 variables should choose which research method

answer

experiment

question

the most foolproof way of testing the true effectiveness of a newly introduced method of psychological therapy is by means of

answer

experimental research

question

to assess the effect of televised violence on aggression, researchers plan to expose one group of children to violent movie scenes and another group to nonviolent scenes. to reduce the chance that the children in one group have more aggressive personalities than those in the other groups, researchers should make use of

answer

random assignment

question

to study the effects of noise on worker productivity researchers have one group of subjects work in a noisy room and the other quiet. to ensure that any differences result from different noise, the researchers would use

answer

random assignment

question

both the researchers and participants in a memory study are ignorant about which participants have actually received the drug

answer

the double-blind procedure

question

to provide a baseline against which they can evaluate the effects of a specific treatment, experimenters make use of

answer

control condition

question

which of the following is true for those assigned to a control group

answer

the experimental treatment is absent

question

in the hypothesis "students who study a list of terms in morning will recall more terms than those who study at night" what is the IV

answer

time of day

question

"morning studiers remember more than night studiers" DV

answer

numbers of terms remembered

question

in a distribution of test scores, which measure of central tendency would likely be the most affected by outliers

answer

mean

question

which of the following is a measure of the degree variation among a set of events

answer

standard deviation

question

professor woo noticed that the distribution of students' scores on her last biology test had an extremely small sd, indication

answer

students' scores tended to be very similar to one another

question

mean of 100 sd 15, what percent fall between 85 and 115

answer

68

question

why are researchers so careful about drawing conclusions regarding statistical significance

answer

they want to make sure an observed difference isn't due to chance

question

if a result is statistically significant, this means that

answer

there is less that a 5% likelihood that the results occurred by chance

question

professional psychological associations require researchers to

answer

minimize infection, illness, and pain in animal subjects

question

a researcher who deceives participants about the goals of the research need to fully inform them of the true nature of the study later

answer

debriefing

question

which of the following defines ethical principles that should guide human experimentation

answer

informed consent, protection from harm, confidentiality, debriefing

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