question

In the SP3R Reading Method (covered in lecture, discussion, and in the textbook), which of the following is NOT one of the three R's? Review Read Relearn Recite

answer

Relearn

question

What is the definition of Psychology? The science of behavior and mental processes The science of how the mind works The science of how the brain works The science of clinical disorders like schizophrenia, ADHD, and autism

answer

The science of behavior and mental processes

question

The human ability to walk upright is? Learned from parents and culture 80% Genetic, 20% Environment Genetic A complex interaction of genetics and environment

answer

A complex interaction of genetics and environment

question

What is the best kind of scientific explanation? An explanation that allows us to make the broadest possible generalizations about groups of people An explanation that allows us to make specific predictions about specific individuals in specific situations The most complex possible explanation The simplest possible explanation

answer

An explanation that allows us to make specific predictions about specific individuals in specific situations

question

A "spurious correlation" means: That two variables are unrelated That two variables are related, but that relationship is only due to random chance That two variables are related, but that the relationship is caused by some third thing that causes them both That two variables are strongly related

answer

That two variables are related, but that the relationship is caused by some third thing that causes them both

question

What is the definition of a hypothesis? An unproven or disproven explanation for something An explanation that uses an integrated set of principles, organizes observations, and can be used to predict many behaviors or events A specific testable prediction about what will happen in a specific situation A proven fact about the world

answer

A specific testable prediction about what will happen in a specific situation

question

Which of the following is NOT a good trait for a scientist to have? Certainty Humility Skepticism Curiosity

answer

Certainty

question

Why are some psychologists advocates of behaviorism and/or learning theory? Because they think that understanding how rewards and punishments influence behavior can explain many things Because they think the brain is all we need to study in order to understand behavior Because they think that the mind is best thought of as if were a computer Because they think that it is very important to understand the role of evolution by natural selection plays on human behavior

answer

Because they think that understanding how rewards and punishments influence behavior can explain many things

question

A ________ is a prediction about what will happen in a specific situation. A __________is a more general explanation of the relationship between a large set of facts. experiment, theory hypothesis, theory hypothesis, conclusion theory, hypothesis

answer

hypothesis, theory

question

In the unfortunate case of Andrea Yates, which level of analysis should we use to explain her psychotic behavior? Biological Psychological Social-cultural All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

In the video about "Facilitated Communication", psychologists performed an experiment about the technique. What did this experiment show: That facilitated communication is an effective way to communicate with autistic children That the autistic children's therapists were the ones authoring the messages being sent That autistic children are incapable of communication That autistic children were authoring the messages being sent

answer

That the autistic children's therapists were the ones authoring the messages being sent

question

A doctor notices that many soldiers returning from fighting in the trenches in World War I were highly anxious, fearful of loud noises, and having difficulty reconnecting with their families. He asks them to record personal observations of their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a journal. This process is called ____. extroversion transference introspection objectivism

answer

introspection

question

LaKeita and Monica are having a discussion about the nature of human ideas and emotions. LaKeita states, "You know that we are all born with a basic structure from which all other ideas and emotions develop!" Her belief that ideas and emotions are inborn most closely resembles the beliefs of philosopher ________. John Locke David Hume Rene Descartes Aristotle

answer

Rene Descartes

question

Which of the following is the best summary of how the study of psychology moved away from the study of philosophy? Psychology explores individual rather than global phenomena. Psychology explores the roots of abnormal behaviors. Psychology is interested in the use of therapeutic techniques. Psychology employs the scientific method.

answer

Psychology employes the scientific method.

question

Hermann von Helmholtz's work on ____ provided further evidence that the mind had a physical basis. the speed of nerve conduction the range of human hearing the mind-body dichotomy dissection and human anatomy

answer

the speed of nerve conduction

question

The letter B and the number 13 might appear to be very similar; in fact, the only real difference between them is the space between the left and right sides of each figure. Who would be most likely to describe this difference as being caused by the context of the letters or numbers that come before and after the image? Camila, who is a cognitive psychologist Sarah, who is a psychoanalytic psychologist William, who is a functionalist Max, who is a Gestalt psychologist

answer

Max, who is a Gestalt psychologist

question

Which of the following most closely paraphrases Watson's views regarding human behavior? Very few children actually have the skill and discipline to become artists. I can raise a child to be an artist if he or she has at least a small amount of talent and interest. I can raise any child to be an artist, regardless of his or her tendencies. Some children are born with artistic talent; others are not.

answer

I can raise any child to be an artist, regardless of his or her tendencies.

question

Jose has a doctoral degree in psychology and is a therapist in New York. His sister Maria has a medical degree and is in a residency program for psychiatry. Currently, the biggest difference between the two professions is that Maria can ____, and Jose cannot. conduct psychotherapy peer review the work of other researchers prescribe medication conduct research

answer

prescribe medication

question

A biological psychologist studies the effects of amphetamine on aggression in rhesus monkeys. However, to the researcher's surprise, the experimental results differ for isolated monkeys versus monkeys in a colony. What is missing from this experiment? physiological measurements an integration between biology and psychology human controls the social psychology perspective

answer

the social psychology perspective

question

If you have all night to study for an exam, which of the following would be the most effective way to study? Studying for 5 minute blocks with a one minute break between each block Studying for 20 minute blocks with 5 minute breaks in each block Studying for hour long blocks with a ten minute break between each block Studying all night without taking a break.

answer

Studying for 20 minute blocks with 5 minute breaks in each block

question

A recent research study investigated how sleep and memory were related. It did this by following 500 students, and measuring how much people studied the week before an exam, how much they slept that week, and how well they did on the exam. The study found that people who got at least 7 hours of sleep performed significantly better on the exam. This study is an example of which of the following: An experiment A case study A naturalistic observation A hypothesis

answer

A naturalistic observation

question

In the study described above about the effect of sleep on exam performance, the relationship between the amount of time people spent sleeping and the grade they got on the exam is best described as: A negative correlation An independent variable A positive correlation An illusory correlation

answer

A positive correlation

question

In the study described above about the effect of sleep on exam performance, which of the following is a valid conclusion to draw from the study? There is a relationship between the amount of sleep one gets and their grade on the exam Nothing can be concluded from this study due to spurious correlations Getting more sleep causes you to get a better grade Getting sleep causes you to remember information better

answer

There is a relationship between the amount of sleep one gets and their grade on the exam

question

Dr. Phil was interested in the effect of listening to Mozart on violin playing skill. The researcher recruited 50 violin players, and tested their violin skills. He then had them listen to 1 hour of Mozart per week over a six month period. After the six month period was over, the violinists then came back for a second test of their skills. He found that all 50 violinists had gotten significantly better at playing the violin. Based on that study alone, can we conclude that listening Mozart helps with violin performance skill? Why or why not? No, because Dr. Phil's sample size was too small to be sure about the results. Yes, because the violin performance for all 50 people got better, we are sure the effect of listening to Mozart is real and strong. No, because there was no control group in the study, so we cannot rule out the placebo effect Yes, because Dr. Phil did an experiment, it is fair to conclude a cause and effect relationship between listening to Mozart and violin playing performance.

answer

No, because there was no control group in the study, so we cannot rule out the placebo effect

question

Dr. Maria is interested in the relationship between marijuana and memory. She recruited 100 participants, and randomly assigned 50 to an experimental group, and 50 to a control group. The participants in the experimental group ate some pot brownies. The participants in the control group ate some regular brownies. Then, all 100 participants watched an episode of a TV show they had never seen before. Afterwards, they had to make a list of the names of all the different characters that appeared in the show. Dr. Maria found that people in the control group was able to remember twice as many names as people in the group that ate pot brownies. What can we conclude from this study? That marijuana permanently damages your memory We cannot conclude anything, because the experiment did not have an independent variable. We cannot conclude anything, because the experiment did not control for the fact that some participants may have different responses to taking marijuana That taking marijuana impaired people's memory performance while they were high

answer

That taking marijuana impaired people's memory performance while they were high

question

In Dr. Maria's study, the number of names a person could remember was the: Dependent variable Independent variable Confounding Variable Controlled Variable

answer

Dependent variable

question

In Dr. Maria's study, is there a possibility that the effects were due to the placebo effect? Yes, it is possible that the people who ate pot brownies did worse because they expected to do worse No, because there was a control group, we have ruled out the possibility of the placebo effect

answer

Yes, it is possible that the people who ate pot brownies did worse because they expected to do worse

question

In a double-blind procedure, Experimental and control group members will be carefully matched for age, sex, income, and education level Neither the participants nor the researchers know who is in the experimental group or the control group Only the participants know whether they are in the control group or the experimental group Someone separate from the researcher will ask people to volunteer for the experimental group or control group.

answer

Neither the participants nor the researchers know who is in the experimental group or the control group

question

When you are measuring a variable, what is the best measure of central tendency to use? Mean Median Mode It depends on if the data has outliers

answer

It depends on if the data has outliers

question

When talking about statistics, what do we mean by "variance"? The difference between the most common score and the least common score The sum of all scores divided by the total number of scores The difference between the highest score and the lowest score How different each individual score tends to be, compared to the average score of the group as a whole

answer

How different each individual score tends to be, compared to the average score of the group as a whole

question

A recent study found that, on average, there is a higher crime rate in areas that have more churches. As a scientifically minded psychologist, which of the following should you conclude: Churches are built in high crime areas, to help deter crime. The prevalence of churches and crimes is just a random coincidence Churches cause people to commit crimes If we want to be sure if churches and crime are causally related, we would need to do a controlled experiment to find out

answer

D If we want to be sure if churches and crime are causally related, we would need to do a controlled experiment to find out

question

A "negative correlation between behavior A and behavior B" means: As people do more of A, they also do more of B As people do more of A, they do less of B There is no relationship between A and B We cannot know the relationship between A and B without doing a controlled experiment

answer

As people do more of A, they do less of B

question

Which of the following is NOT an example of descriptive research? A survey An experiment Case studies Naturalisic Observations

answer

An experiment

question

What is an advantage of a case study? Case studies rule out the placebo effect Case studies utilize random sampling Case studies can be used to generalize to many individuals Case studies can be used to examine an individual situation in depth

answer

Case studies can be used to examine an individual situation in depth

question

Why is it important to use a control group in experimental research? To establish a cause and effect relationship between variables To make sure your experiment generalizes to other people or groups To know how your experimental manipulation compares to how people would behave without that manipulation So you know if a correlation is positive or negative

answer

To know how your experimental manipulation compares to how people would behave without that manipulation

question

Why is it important to use random assignment in experiments? In order to minimize the chance that experimental and control groups are different from one another for any reason other than the experimental manipulation To rule out the placebo effect In order to make sure your experiment generalizes to other people or groups In order to make sure you have the same number of people in the experimental condition and the control condition

answer

In order to minimize the chance that experimental and control groups are different from one another for any reason other than the experimental manipulation

question

A limitation of the experimental method study is that: you cannot eliminate confounding variables participants know they are in a research study and they might behave differently because of that you can't prove cause and effect the results are rarely accepted by scientific peers

answer

participants know they are in a research study and they might behave differently because of that

question

The SAT II single subject achievement test shows the highest positive correlation with first-year college grades compared to both the SAT I aptitude test and high school grade point average. This indicates that of the three tests, it is the most ____. operational reliable generalizable valid

answer

valid

question

In the Tuskegee syphilis experiment, researchers from the U.S. Public Health Service ____. hired syphilis-infected prostitutes to sleep with soldiers to study the progression of the disease exposed prisoners, soldiers, and mental patients to syphilis and gonorrhea to test the effectiveness of penicillin poured bacteria on scrapes made on prisoners' faces and arms to transmit syphilis for the purposes of study studied the progression of syphilis in a group of African American men without providing diagnosis or treatment

answer

studied the progression of syphilis in a group of African American men without providing diagnosis or treatment

question

Which of the following is likely to have a stronger genetic component? being shy being popular

answer

being shy

question

Genes provide codes for the production of ___ behaviors like mathematical and reading ability biological traits like brain size proteins inside each cell physical traits like height and weight

answer

proteins inside each cell

question

Adopted children are especially likely to have similar ____________ if raised in the same home. values and attitudes temperaments personality traits gene complexes

answer

values and attitudes

question

The effects of heredity on behavior depend on a person's home environment. This highlights the importance of: gene complexes the double helix collectivism gene-environment interactions

answer

gene-environment interactions

question

Sandra rushes over to her friend Denise's house because Denise is distraught over a recent breakup with her boyfriend. Even though Sandra has a term paper due the next day, she wants to console Denise because she knows Denise would do the same for her. This is an example of ____. atypical selflessness mutual kinship reciprocal altruism anticipatory cooperation

answer

reciprocal altruism

question

Compared with identical twins, fraternal twins are: more likely to be the same sex and more likely to be similar in extraversion. more likely to be the same sex and less likely to be similar in extraversion. less likely to be the same sex and less likely to be similar in extraversion. less likely to be the same sex and equally likely to be similar in extraversion

answer

less likely to be the same sex and less likely to be similar in extraversion.

question

Evolutionary psychologists suggest that sacrificing yourself for others is much more likely when the "others" are ___. members of the same sex members of the opposite sex genetically related relatives genetically diverse individuals

answer

genetically related relatives

question

In class, we discussed an experiment that looked at the effect of learning and exercise on the structure of rat brains. What was the conclusion of that study? An enriched learning environment was necessary both for making more neural connections and for increasing blood flow to the brain and increasing its nutritional health. Exercise was necessary both for making more neural connections and for increasing blood flow to the brain and increasing its nutritional health. An enriched learning environment led to the creation of more neural connections, and exercise was necessary for increasing blood flow to the brain and increasing its nutritional health. The brain's structure is determined purely by your genes, and neither learning nor exercise had an effect on the brain's structure

answer

An enriched learning environment led to the creation of more neural connections, and exercise was necessary for increasing blood flow to the brain and increasing its nutritional health.

question

Studying identical twins raised in the same household allows us to study which of the twins' behaviors are due to their genetic similarity. True False

answer

False

question

What is an argument against the idea that promiscuity is an ideal way to pass one's genes onto successive generations? The quality of the selected mate tends to decrease with increased promiscuity. Fertility rates typically decrease when sexual activity goes beyond a threshold level. Parental care suffers when a parent has too many children. Increased sexual activity introduces a variety of fatal infections to the individual.

answer

Parental care suffers when a parent has too many children.

question

Dominant alleles determine a phenotype when an individual is ____ for that particular gene neither homozygous nor heterozygous either homozygous or heterozygous only heterozygous only homozygous

answer

either homozygous or heterozygous

question

One reason to be cautious about attributing all the personality similarities of separated identical twins to genetic factors is that: adoption agencies tend to place separated twins in similar homes. home environments have less impact on personality than does peer influence. some twins develop from a single fertilized egg that splits in two. adopted children's personalities are highly similar to those of their adoptive parents.

answer

adoption agencies tend to place separated twins in similar homes.

question

Put the following in order from smallest to largest: DNA molecule single chromosome cell nucleus single gene

answer

DNA molecule single gene single chromosome cell nucleus

question

The scientific field that attempts to identify and understand links between genetics and behavior is: genetic engineering behavioral genetics evolutionary psychology natural selection

answer

behavioral genetics

question

If we say that 25% of the variability in mathematics skill can be attributed to genes, then that means that the _____________ of mathematics skill is 25% Genome Analysis Innateness Heritability DNA

answer

Heritability

question

Which of the following statements is the most correct? Variability in singing ability is likely to be strongly genetic because it is a relatively less complex behavior involving fewer interactions with the environment. Variability in basketball ability is likely to be strongly genetic because it is a relatively more complex behavior involving more interactions with the environment.

answer

Variability in singing ability is likely to be strongly genetic because it is a relatively less complex behavior involving fewer interactions with the environment.

question

Which example best illustrates the concept of epigenetics? Josh and Jason are identical twins; Josh is two inches taller than Jason. Fareed and Asha are fraternal twins; they are often mistaken for identical twins. Toby has Huntington's disease; his son has a 50% chance of inheriting the disease. Joe and Elaine have brown eyes; their youngest daughter has blue eyes.

answer

Josh and Jason are identical twins; Josh is two inches taller than Jason.

question

The process by which survival and reproduction pressures act to change the frequency of alleles in subsequent generations is referred to as ____. epigenetics genetic drift natural selection behavioral genetics

answer

natural selection

question

Which of the following would be the least effective way of doing human behavioral genetics research? Counting Chromosomes Genomic Analyses Measuring Heritability Twin Studies

answer

Counting Chromosomes

question

Communication within neurons is ______________, and communication between neurons is ______________. hormonal, electrical electrical, chemical chemical, electrical electrical, hormonal

answer

electrical, chemical

question

Which of the following is something the nervous system does NOT do? Allows your body to take actions Receives sensory input Integrates memories Moves hormones throughout the body

answer

Moves hormones throughout the body

question

What is one disadvantage of using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) to study brain activity? MS cannot be used to study where something happens in the brain, only when something happens TMS can only be used to study the exterior surface of the brain TMS cannot be used to study when something happens in the brain, only where it happens TMS causes long term damage to the brain when it is used

answer

TMS can only be used to study the exterior surface of the brain

question

The ____ is the division of the autonomic nervous system that coordinates arousal and involves the expenditure of energy. parasympathetic nervous system endocrine system somatic nervous system sympathetic nervous system

answer

sympathetic nervous system

question

Dr. Pohler is a neurobiologist studying ways to enhance the perception of sound in people with hearing difficulties. He discovers a natural neurotransmitter that increases the chance a neuron will fire an action potential, increasing sensitivity to sound. What is the effect of this neurotransmitter on the receiving neuron? inhibitory, causing hyperpolarization inhibitory, causing depolarization excitatory, causing hyperpolarization excitatory, causing depolarization

answer

excitatory, causing depolarization

question

Professor Laurent wants to understand how violence in the media affects adolescents. What method should she use to monitor the arousal state of adolescents while they view a news report of a violent crime? skin conductance response single cell recording magnetoencephalography electrical stimulation

answer

skin conductance response

question

While jogging barefoot on the beach, Georgio steps on the sharp edge of a broken shell and immediately lifts his foot. What causes Georgio to immediately lift his foot in response to the shell? Motor neurons relay information directly to the spinal cord and sensory neurons in the spinal cord send information to muscles in the foot. Sensory neurons relay information directly to the spinal cord and motor neurons in the spinal cord send information to muscles in the foot. Sensory neurons relay information directly to the brain and motor neurons in the brain send information to muscles in the foot. Motor neurons relay information directly to the brain and sensory neurons in the brain send information to muscles in the foot.

answer

Sensory neurons relay information directly to the spinal cord and motor neurons in the spinal cord send information to muscles in the foot.

question

Depression can be caused by low levels of serotonin. This is an example of explaining depression at the _______________ level of description. Psychological Cultural Biological Behavioral

answer

Biological

question

Richard, a graduate student working in a neuroscience lab, grows neurons in a petri dish to study the effects of environmental toxins on neuronal communication. During one of Richard's experiments, he accidentally damages the axon of a neuron. What will be an immediate consequence of this mishap? The neuron's other axons will have to take over the function of the damaged axon. The neuron will not be able to translate proteins. The neuron will not be able to transmit information to other cells. The neuron will not be able to receive inputs from other cells.

answer

The neuron will not be able to transmit information to other cells.

question

An action potential results in the release of _______________ from the axon terminals neurotransmitters electrical energy hormones DNA

answer

neurotransmitters

question

Multiple Sclerosis involves a deficiency of myelin serotonin dopamine GABA

answer

myelin

question

Mariah is a neuroscience graduate student interested in understanding how the human brain processes early childhood memories. What technique would be the best way for Mariah to determine which brain regions are activated when someone recalls their first memory? EEG fMRI Animal studies TMS

answer

fMRI

question

Marcus works in the laboratory of Dr. Flores, an expert in the electrophysiology of squid axons. After taking a reading from a recording electrode placed within a squid axon, Marcus comments to Dr. Flores that the squid axon is at its resting potential. What measurement did Marcus take with the recording electrode? 0 mV +40 mV -40 mV -70 mV

answer

-70 mV

question

Case studies of split brain patients have been used to study the effects of imbalances of different kinds of neurotransmitters how the frontal lobe and temporal lobe of the brain process information differently how brain damage affects long term memory how the left and the right hemispheres of the brain process information differently

answer

how the left and the right hemispheres of the brain process information differently

question

________________ is the part of the neuron that insulates it, allowing it to better conduct electrical signals. Myelin The soma Dendrites The axon

answer

myelin

question

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) works by Measuring blood flow in the brain Measuring hormones in the brain Measuring neurotransmitters in the brain Measuring electrical signals in the brain

answer

Measuring blood flow in the brain

question

Which of the folllowing is a more accurate statement of how the brain develops before birth? Brain regions develop in a specific order, and each region finishes developing before the next region begins. All brain regions develop in parallel, and each region develops at approximately the same rate. The beginnings of each brain region is in place by about 6 months, but different regions take very different amounts of time to finish developing.

answer

The beginnings of each brain region is in place by about 6 months, but different regions take very different amounts of time to finish developing.

question

Damage to which part of the brain would result in death due to the loss of heart function and blood pressure regulation? cerebellum pons midbrain medulla

answer

medulla

question

Marguerite, a first-year doctoral student, scrutinizes the neural tissue that she prepared for study under her microscope. She knows from experience that the areas that look gray have a high density of cell bodies, while the areas that look white consist of large bundles of myelinated ____. axons dendrites nuclei soma

answer

axons

question

What role does the thalamus play in perceptual processing? The thalamus relays perceptual information to areas where it can affect motor responses The thalamus is where face recognition happens The thalamus is where signal detection occurs The thalamus is where speech perception happens

answer

The thalamus relays perceptual information to areas where it can affect motor responses

question

Using signal detection theory, we can compare if someone saw a visual stimulus to whether someone heard a sound we can compare if someone sensed a sound to whether someone perceived a sound we can compare if someone perceived a sound to whether the sound actually occurred we can compare if someone perceived a sound unconsciously to whether they perceived it consciously

answer

we can compare if someone perceived a sound to whether the sound actually occurred

question

College roommates Michelle, Renee, and Kecia are curtain shopping for their new off-campus apartment. They find the perfect set of curtains, but disagree as to their actual color. Michelle states that they are jade; Renee is leaning toward teal; and Kecia insists that they are turquoise. What causes each roommate to have a different interpretation of the color of the curtains? sensory adaptation transduction sensation perception

answer

perception

question

A high-amplitude, low-frequency sound wave is perceived as ____. soft and low-pitched soft and high-pitched loud and high-pitched loud and low-pitched

answer

loud and low-pitched

question

How do somatosensory stimuli differ from visual or auditory stimuli? Somatosensory stimuli arise from within the body. Somatosensory stimuli are processed by the periphery not the central nervous system. Somatosensory stimuli are specialized; visual and auditory stimuli are general. Somatosensory stimuli simultaneously activate several senses.

answer

Somatosensory stimuli simultaneously activate several senses. Somatosensory stimuli arise from within the body.

question

Which of the following is NOT a primary taste sensation? Saltiness Spiciness Sourness Sweetness

answer

Spiciness

question

How does the brain process visual information? Information travels from the retina to the thalamus and then simultaneously to the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe and the amygdala. Information travels from the lens to the hippocampus and then sequentially to the primary visual cortex in the temporal lobe and the hypothalamus. Information travels from the pupil to the reticular formation and then sequentially to the primary visual cortex in the frontal lobe and the pons. Information travels from the cornea to the amygdala and then simultaneously to the primary visual cortex in the parietal lobe and the thalamus.

answer

Information travels from the retina to the thalamus and then simultaneously to the primary visual cortex in the occipital lobe and the amygdala

question

Yuor abliility to raed this qusetoin is an expmale of Bottom-up processing Signal detection theory Top-down processing An optical illusion

answer

Top-down processing

question

Visible light is a type of ____. radiation chemical molecule potential energy

answer

radiation

question

Thad returns home from class on a hot summer's evening, turns on the air conditioner full blast, and sits down to watch television. His roommate Sean returns home an hour later and wonders how Thad can hear the television above the loud noise of the air conditioner. Thad remarks that he doesn't even notice the sound. Which process causes the air conditioner to seem louder to Sean than to Thad? transduction sensory adaptation perception sensation

answer

sensory adaptation

question

Our primary method for localizing sound in the horizontal plane is ____. by echolocation at the tympanic membrane to compare the arrival time of sound at each ear via undulation differentiation in the basilar membrane via sound waves funneling through the pinna

answer

to compare the arrival time of sound at each ear

question

Your body's reception of external stimulation is what we call _________________. Your conscious experience of that stimulation is what we call __________________. sensation, perception perception, sensation top-down processing, bottom-up processing bottom-up processing, top-down processing

answer

sensation, perception

question

Saul is asked to screen a series of tissue samples for precancerous cells. His supervisor checks his work and determines that Saul greatly overestimated the number of samples containing precancerous cells. This may be due to the fact that Saul lost his mother to cancer early in life, and is extra cautious about missing indications of cancerous cells in the samples. In the terms of signal detection theory, this illustrates Saul's tendency to make too many __________. hits misses errors false alarms

answer

false alarms

question

After you rough bump part of your body—say your shin or your "funny bone"—into something and experience pain as a result, you may help to decrease that sense of pain by rubbing the injured area. The _______ theory provides some insight as to why rubbing the area helps to lower the pain that you feel. auxiliary theory gate theory obstruction theory buffer theory

answer

gate theory

question

Which of the following is an example of multisensory interaction? The McGurk Effect The Necker Cube The Blind Spot The amplitude of a sound

answer

The McGurk Effect

question

Which part of the auditory system acts like a sound amplifier? The cochlea in the inner ear The bones in the middle ear The auditory canal The pinna (outer ear)

answer

The bones in the middle ear

question

What important fact supports the idea that vision is one of the most important sensory systems in humans? Approximately 50% of our cerebral cortex processes visual information. From an evolutionary perspective, the eyeball was one of the last sense organs to develop. Fifteen percent of our body's oxygen is utilized by our eyes. The eyeball is controlled by more muscles than any other body part.

answer

Approximately 50% of our cerebral cortex processes visual information.

question

Which statement is most consistent with the Gestalt psychology point of view? The world is best understood by breaking it down into individual elements. The whole is different from the sum of its parts. We perceive our environment through separate but equal senses. Where one sense is lost, another is gained.

answer

The whole is different from the sum of its parts.

question

______________ is when we knowledge, ideas, and expectations influence what we perceive Perception Sensation Top-down processing Bottom-up processing

answer

Top-down processing

question

The activation of rods and cones in your eye is an example of _________________________ Visual attention Visual perception Visual sensation Visual contrast

answer

Visual sensation

question

The Stroop Test provides evidence that behavior under hypnosis is more than social conformity by showing that highly suggestible individuals under hypnosis ____. are able to ignore flashes of light when deciphering imagery are able to ignore binaural sounds to decipher auditory signals can identify words hidden within scintillating grid illusions can identify ink colors at comparable rates regardless of word presentation

answer

can identify ink colors at comparable rates regardless of word presentation

question

Trevor and Dale attend an off-campus party. Trevor is the designated driver and restricts his alcohol consumption to a few drinks; Dale, on the other hand, becomes highly intoxicated. Compared with Trevor, Dale is more likely to ____. suffer from insomnia feel flushed be shy and introverted act aggressively

answer

act aggressively

question

Which of the following situations is NOT an example of priming? Seeing a car merging in front of you and stepping on the break Seeing a car merging in front of you and getting distracted from a conversation you are having Seeing a car merging in front of you and stepping on the gas Seeing a car merging in front of you and getting angry

answer

Seeing a car merging in front of you and stepping on the gas

question

Most of our mental processes are best described as conscious and automatic conscious and controlled subconscious and automatic subconscious and controlled

answer

subconscious and automatic

question

Cocaine and amphetamine both boost the activity of ______, although they do so through different mechanisms. serotonin norepinephrine acetylcholine dopamine

answer

dopamine

question

Which of the following order of sleep stages best matches the sequence in which people typically go through? Non-REM Stage 3 Non-REM Stage 2 Non-REM Stage 1 REM Non-REM Stage 3 Non-REM Stage 2 Non-REM Stage 1 Non-REM Stage 3 Non-REM Stage 2 Non-REM Stage 1 REM Non-REM Stage 1 Non-REM Stage 2 Non-REM Stage 3 Non-REM Stage 1 Non-REM Stage 2 Non-REM Stage 3 REM Non-REM Stage 3 Non-REM Stage 2 Non-REM Stage 1 Non-REM Stage 1 Non-REM Stage 2 Non-REM Stage 3 REM Non-REM Stage 1 Non-REM Stage 2 Non-REM Stage 3

answer

Non-REM Stage 3 Non-REM Stage 2 Non-REM Stage 1 REM Non-REM Stage 1 Non-REM Stage 2 Non-REM Stage 3

question

Patti finds her husband Derek asleep in his recliner. She gently touches his shoulder and says, "Derek, wake-up; the dog needs to go out." Derek abruptly responds, "Patti, I am awake!" What type of brain waveforms was Derek most likely to be displaying right before being awakened? alpha waves beta waves delta waves

answer

alpha waves

question

Almost all drugs work by affecting the connections between neurons in the brain the amount of specific kinds of hormones in the brain the amount of specific kinds of neurotransmitters in the brain the amount of blood flow to the brain

answer

the amount of specific kinds of neurotransmitters in the brain

question

Why is it inaccurate to say that daydreaming is a "total waste of time"? Because daydreaming gives the brain an opportunity to replenish its supply of spent neurotransmitters, particularly dopamine and serotonin. Because synaptic pruning, which is essential to the overall health of the brain, occur at higher rates during moments of daydreaming. Because we often think about past experiences and plan our future when the DMN is active during daydreaming. Because daydreaming gives our brain an opportunity to capture more of the essential REM waves needed for repair and growth.

answer

Because we often think about past experiences and plan our future when the DMN is active during daydreaming.

question

After Nolan experiments with drugs, his father suspects that his son is exhibiting signs of schizophrenia. Nolan most likely was experimenting with ____ ecstacy nicotine marijuana alcohol

answer

marijuana

question

In which of the following stages are you LEAST aware of your physical surroundings? REM Non-REM Stage 1 Non-REM Stage 2 Non-REM Stage 3

answer

Non-REM Stage 3

question

We discussed how consciousness can be broken down into two properties: Awareness of our body and awareness or our mind Awareness of environment and level of arousal Awareness of environment and Awareness of our body Awareness of our brain and awareness of our mind

answer

Awareness of environment and level of arousal

question

Many psychologists have proposed that psychological processes can divided into two categories. The first process is conscious and ____________, the second process is subconscious and _____________. fast, emotional logical, slow emotional, logical logical, emotional

answer

logical, emotional

question

the "monkey business" illusion is an example of blindsight change blindness selective inattention priming

answer

selective inattention change blindness

question

What does blindsight suggest about how the visual system works? that visual processing has nothing to do with the occipital lobes of the brain that damage to the occipital lobe of the brain completely destroys our ability to sense any visual information that blindness can be healed through surgery to the occipital lobe of the brain that the visual system divides visual information into things we can consciously experience and things we cannot

answer

that the visual system divides visual information into things we can consciously experience and things we cannot

question

The University is holding its weekly Friday night "De-stress 'til Dawn" mixer. Brandon is hungry, Shelby is tired, and Tina feels cold. Which brain structure controls the internal biological clocks responsible for regulating these processes? cingulate cortex amygdala hypothalamus hippocampus

answer

hypothalamus

question

Scientific studies have found that hypnosis is NOT helpful in which of the following situtaions? Lowering stress Recovering repressed memories Relieving pain Forgetting something that happened while hypotized

answer

Recovering repressed memories

question

Aviva wakes up abruptly after she dreams she is falling from the sky. She is relieved to find herself safe and secure in her comfortable bed. What is most likely to have caused Aviva to feel as if she were falling? hyperstimulation of the cerebellum latent fear of her GPA falling activation of the vestibular system increased K-complex formation

answer

activation of the vestibular system

question

Which of the following is NOT a currently scientifically accepted reason for why we dream? To consolidate memories To act out our subconscious desires To makes sense of neural static and activation patterns To solve problems we were having trouble solving while we were awake

answer

To act out our subconscious desires

question

priming is a(n) __________________ mental process conscious unconscious

answer

unconscious

question

Eli is afraid of bees, and has been ever since he was nearly stung by one a few months ago. Lately, his father has been very distressed to see that Eli is now afraid of any flying insect, even tiny ones like gnats. The fact that Eli gets terribly afraid and runs to another room whenever he sees a flying "bug" demonstrates _____. acquisition generalization inhibition discrimination

answer

generalization

question

According to Hebb's Law, two neurons are more likely to influence one another if they are the same type of neuron they have both been active at the same time they use the same kinds of neurotransmitters they share many connections between their dendrites and axons

answer

they have both been active at the same time

question

What is a key distinction between classical conditioning and operant conditioning? Operant conditioning makes associations between two stimuli; classical conditioning associates a behavior with its consequence. Classical conditioning makes associations between two stimuli; operant conditioning associates a behavior with its consequence. In contrast to classical conditioning, operant conditioning leads to a relatively permanent behavioral change. In contrast to operant conditioning, classical conditioning leads to a relatively permanent behavioral change.

answer

Classical conditioning makes associations between two stimuli; operant conditioning associates a behavior with its consequence.

question

Sara allows her dog, Isabel, to run freely at a local park. When a truck drives by and its engine backfires loudly, Isabel quickly jumps up on her hind legs and barks loudly. Isabel's response illustrates ____. sensitization operant conditioning an instinct a reflex

answer

a reflex

question

Steve and his husband Jim both work full time. Since Steve usually arrives home first, he takes on the burden of cooking and cleaning, but he is becoming frustrated with the current division of chores. Which of the following learning approaches is likely to work best to increase Jim's participation in the household duties? Steve should make a list of how all of Jim's behaviors have affected his life. Steve should ignore negative behaviors and notice and reward positive behaviors, gradually increasing Jim's participation in cooking and dish washing. Steve should consistently comment upon Jim's lack of help with cooking and dish washing until his behavior changes. Steve should refuse to cook and clean, forcing Jim to realize how his actions affect their relationship.

answer

Steve should ignore negative behaviors and notice and reward positive behaviors, gradually increasing Jim's participation in cooking and dish washing.

question

In which of the following scenarios is Roxie, the dog, most likely to rapidly learn to associate a conditioned stimulus with food? When Roxie's owner gets home from work, sometimes she gives Roxie a food treat right away; other times, they go for a short walk before Roxie is given the treat. Roxie's owner has two sons: The older son teaches Roxie tricks and sometimes rewards her with a treat; the younger son likes to play fetch with Roxie. Each morning, Roxie's owner opens the squeaky kitchen cupboard, pours dog food into a bowl, and immediately puts the bowl of food on the floor for Roxie to eat. During the week, Roxie gets treats for not scratching the furniture; during the weekend, she gets treats for performing complex tricks.

answer

Each morning, Roxie's owner opens the squeaky kitchen cupboard, pours dog food into a bowl, and immediately puts the bowl of food on the floor for Roxie to eat.

question

Classical conditioning seldom occurs when a(n) ____________ repeatedly comes before a(n) ____________. neutral stimulus; unconditioned stimulus (US) unconditioned stimulus (US); neutral stimulus (NS) conditioned response (CR); conditioned stimulus (CS) unconditioned response (CR); conditioned response (CR)

answer

unconditioned stimulus (US); neutral stimulus (NS)

question

When Jane had leukemia as a child she had to undergo numerous bouts of chemotherapy. The chemotherapy always made her nauseous. As she went through a year of treatment, the waiting room started to make her nauseous. The waiting room became: an unconditioned response. a neutral stimulus. a conditioned stimulus. a conditioned response.

answer

a conditioned stimulus.

question

Nick wants to encourage his 6-year-old daughter, Anna, to help with family chores. He makes an outline of a rainbow with seven bands so that Anna can color in a band each time she does a chore. If she does seven chores in a week, coloring in the full rainbow, she gets $1. Nick's technique demonstrates which methods? chaining, negative punishment, and a variable ratio schedule shaping, negative reinforcement, and a variable interval schedule a token economy, positive reinforcement, and a fixed ratio schedule habituation, positive punishment, and a fixed interval schedule

answer

a token economy, positive reinforcement, and a fixed ratio schedule

question

You are annoyed at your roommate for never cleaning up after themselves in the bathroom. You want to use negative reinforcement to get them to clean up after themselves more often. Which of the following would be an example of negative reinforcement: stopping some behavior you do that they do not like, in exchange thanking them every time they clean the bathroom refusing to let them share your food, if they fail to clean the bathroom criticizing them every time they fail to clean the bathroom

answer

stopping some behavior you do that they do not like, in exchange

question

Counterconditioning in which people relax while being exposed to stimuli that elicit fear is referred to as ____. higher order conditioning latent inhibition operant conditioning systematic desensitization

answer

systematic desensitization

question

Dr. Graham exposes rats to a vanilla scent prior to receiving a food pellet in the left corner of their cage, but provides no food after exposure to a lemon scent. After several trials, upon smelling a vanilla scent, the rats wait at the far left corner of the cage regardless of whether a food pellet is present. However, they do not wait in the far left corner when exposed to the lemon scent. What is the unconditioned stimulus in the experiment? food pellet lemon scent vanilla scent left corner of cage

answer

food pellet

question

The process of associating a behavior with its consequences is known as ____. habituative learning classical conditioning observational learning operant conditioning

answer

operant conditioning

question

Which of the following are reasons why punishment is sometime ineffective for learning? It must be applied immediately in order to be effective It doesnt teach or promote an alternative, acceptable behavior It can lead to undesirable results, such as fear, passivity, or hostility All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

Which process below is defined as a relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience? fixed action pattern learning variable action pattern reflex

answer

learning

question

You have neurons in your brain that are innately more likely to fire when you are looking at a red light. If you spend a lot of time driving in America, those neurons might also slightly more likely to fire when you see a yellow light. This is an example of: Hebbian Learning Imitation Learning Non-associative Learning Operant Conditioning

answer

Hebbian Learning

question

What was a key finding of the Bobo doll experiment? Reprimanding the person on the video for their aggressive behavior slightly reduced the children's aggressive behavior. Reprimanding the person on the video for their aggressive behavior did not affect the children's aggressive behavior. Reprimanding the person on the video for their aggressive behavior substantially reduced the children's aggressive behavior. Reprimanding the person on the video for their aggressive behavior slightly increased the children's aggressive behavior.

answer

Reprimanding the person on the video for their aggressive behavior slightly reduced the children's aggressive behavior.

question

Each piece of information that you know is stored in the hippocampus is stored as a distributed pattern of activation across many areas of the brain is stored in the prefrontal cortex is stored in a different neuron

answer

is stored as a distributed pattern of activation across many areas of the brain

question

Maria wants to teach her dog Max the command, "Get beer, Max." This involves going to the refrigerator and opening it by pulling on a dishtowel tied to the handle, taking out a can of beer with his mouth, and bringing it to her dinner guest. Which of the following training methods is likely to work best? chaining and negative punishment shaping and positive punishment shaping and negative reinforcement chaining and positive reinforcement

answer

chaining and positive reinforcement

question

The formation of associations between two stimuli, which occur sequentially in time, is referred to as ____. operant conditioning classical conditioning observational conditioning associative conditioning

answer

classical conditioning

question

Jeremy is typing a term paper on his computer and saves it every 5 minutes, just to be safe. How does the computer's memory store this file differently than Jeremy's memory? The computer receives the information and translates it into smaller chunks, the brain stores an identical copy of the information it perceives. The computer receives the information and stores an identical copy of the information, the brain translates the information into smaller chunks. A computer's stored information is always retrievable, whereas a brain's stored information is frequently irretrievable. A brain's stored information is always retrievable, whereas a computer's stored information is occasionally irretrievable.

answer

The computer receives the information and stores an identical copy of the information, the brain translates the information into smaller chunks.

question

In a study by Loftus and Palmer, participants viewed a short video of an automobile accident. One group was asked "About how fast were the cars going when they hit each other?" A second group was asked "About how fast were the cars going when they smashed each other?" One week later, both groups were asked if they recalled seeing glass on the road after the accident (there was no glass on the road in the video). Which of the following statements is true? There was no difference in responses among those who heard smashed, those who heard hit, and the control group. Those who heard smashed were about as likely as the control group to report seeing glass. Those who heard smashed were almost three times more likely than those who heard hit to report seeing glass. Those who heard hit were almost three times more likely than those who heard smashed to report seeing glass.

answer

Those who heard smashed were almost three times more likely than those who heard hit to report seeing glass.

question

Tom was knocked unconscious briefly during a game while playing on his high school's football team. He does not remember much about the immediate circumstances leading to the injury. Why? There was insufficient time for memory storage in the hippocampus. Synaptic consolidation of memories was interrupted by the head injury. There was insufficient time for memory storage in the cerebral cortex. He was motivated to forget the event because of its unpleasant nature

answer

Synaptic consolidation of memories was interrupted by the head injury.

question

Professor Giles asks his students to write down the first word that come to mind when they see the word fish. Bob writes down sea, James writes down chips, and Angela writes down net. According to the spreading activation theory, this result ___. is highly unusual because such different answers would not likely be stimulated by the same probe is made possible by the connections from the amygdala to the hippocampus indicates that Professor Giles has not taught the student the correct response makes sense because personal experiences determine how people organize general knowledge

answer

indicates that Professor Giles has not taught the student the correct response

question

Dr. Martinez wants to do study on implicit memory in the brain. What part of the brain should she study? The prefrontal cortex The cerebellum The amygdala The hippocampus

answer

The cerebellum

question

Marietta has memorized the capital cities of all 50 states. This is an example of ____ memory. autobiographical procedural episodic semantic

answer

semantic

question

Which of the following is an example of a kind of long-term memory? Working Memory Procedural Memory Iconic Memory Sensory memory

answer

Procedural Memory

question

Visual sensory memory Can hold thousands of images, and that information is lost very quickly Can hold thousands of images, and that information is stored a long time Can hold 10-12 images, and that information is lost very quickly Can hold 10-12 images, and that information is stored a long time

answer

Can hold 10-12 images, and that information is lost very quickly

question

According to the levels of processing theory, who will be able to remember the most definitions of the vocabulary words in a given chapter? Renee, who repeats each term and its definition multiple times out loud James, who reads through each term and its definition Ana, who takes turns with her roommate defining and explaining each term Phil, who memorizes the definitions using flashcards and studies them for 10 hours

answer

Ana, who takes turns with her roommate defining and explaining each term

question

Monica is suffering from anterograde amnesia. She most likely has trouble recalling information from long term memory, and probably has damage to her hippocampus has trouble forming new memories and has damage to her cerebellum has trouble recalling information from long term memory, and probably has damage to her cerebellum has trouble forming new memories and has damage to her hippocampus

answer

has trouble forming new memories and has damage to her hippocampus

question

Manuel is teaching his 3-year-old son Joey the alphabet song. Joey sings "A B C D H K G." This is an example of ____. the recency effect the primacy effect mnemonics elaborative rehearsal

answer

the primacy effect

question

Which stage of memory corresponds with your current, conscious experiences? Implicit Memory Working Memory Long Term memory Sensory Memory

answer

Working Memory

question

According to the Atkinson and Shiffrin model of memory, information flows through three stages. What illustrates the correct flow of information in this model? short-term memory, working memory, and long-term memory sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory sensory input, short-term memory, and long-term rehearsal sensory encoding, short-term storage, and long-term retrieval

answer

short-term memory, working memory, and long-term memory sensory input, short-term memory, and long-term rehearsal

question

Making up a crazy, funny, or violent story to help yourself remember something is an example of Distributed Practice Elaborative rehearsal Bottom Up Processing Implicit Memory

answer

Elaborative rehearsal

question

In the Information Processing model of memory, retrieval refers to whether a memory is visual or auditory the way that information is stored in memory whether or not information entered memory in the first place your ability to access a stored memory

answer

your ability to access a stored memory

question

After class, Anita and Bev make plans to study for their psychology exam together but cannot decide on a time or location. In addition, Anita realizes that she left her phone in her apartment. Anita and Bev decide to tell one another their e-mails before running off to their next class, but neither stops to write the information down. They will likely retain this information in sensory memory for ____. a second or less 5 seconds 10 seconds 30 seconds

answer

a second or less

question

You never forget how to ride a bike. This is an example of Semantic Memory Implicit Memory Episodic Memory Procedural Memory

answer

Procedural Memory

question

You just studied for your psych exam for 10 hours, and forgot what you had for breakfast. This is an example of Retroactive interference Proactive interference Signal detection theory Poor short term memory

answer

Retroactive interference

question

When using signal detection theory to analyze memory, a "miss" is equivalent to a Forgotten memory Explicit memory False memory Implicit memory

answer

Forgotten memory

question

A person with Korsakoff syndrome will exhibit impaired episodic memory, relatively preserved semantic memory, and normal IQ impaired episodic memory, relatively preserved semantic memory, and impaired IQ impaired episodic memory, impaired semantic memory, and impaired IQ preserved episodic memory, impaired semantic memory, and normal IQ

answer

impaired episodic memory, relatively preserved semantic memory, and normal IQ

question

When children are born, they can discriminate all the sounds of all the language in the world can only discriminate the sounds of their own language cannot yet discriminate between any sounds in any languages can only discriminate the sounds of foreign languages

answer

can discriminate all the sounds of all the language in the world

question

A _________ is the smallest unit of sound in human languages, but a ____________ is the smallest unit that carries meaning. phoneme, word morpheme, word phoneme, morpheme morpheme, phoneme

answer

phoneme, morpheme

question

One approach to language suggests that it results from some innate capacity shaped by natural selection, which implies that we might be able to find precursors of human language in the behavior of other animals. This is called the ____ approach. biological developmental cognitive evolutionary

answer

evolutionary

question

A heuristic is a(n) ____. analytical technique based on self-knowledge and self-reflection precise, step-by-step set of rules that will reliably generate a solution to a problem technique to improve memory and mental processing shortcut to problem solving, also known as a "rule of thumb"

answer

shortcut to problem solving, also known as a "rule of thumb"

question

Low levels of activity in the anterior cingulate cortex are associated with ____. evaluating social and financial rewards winning or losing in a competitive activity threats or dangers hoarding behaviors

answer

hoarding behaviors

question

Infants, when learning about language, can use statistical learning to: Discover boundaries between words Learn at least some grammatical rules of their language Learn about word meanings All of the above

answer

All of the above

question

A UC school did an experiment. The university told some students there was a penalty for late registration for classes, and 93% of those students registered on time. The university told other students there was a discount for registering early. In that group, only 67% of students registered on time. This difference in people's behavior is an example of framing availability bias overconfidence bias hindsight bias

answer

framing

question

Leena's and Ruth's mother takes them to see a dermatologist for their acne. The dermatologist, Dr. Pore, sees each daughter separately but prescribes the same medication for both. Dr. Pore tells Leena the medication has a 75% effectiveness rate. She tells Ruth the medication has a 25% failure rate. Leena leaves the appointment more optimistic than Ruth. This is an example of ____. the affect heuristic a framing effect cost‑benefit analysis utility theory

answer

a framing effect

question

Infants naturally babble, making many different sounds. Sometimes they say things that sound like words, and this makes their parents happy. The parents pay more attention to them, smile at them, and say nice things when they do this. This makes the child more likely to say similar things in the future. Learning to say words by this process would be an example of: Explicit learning Operant conditioning Learning by Imitation Classical conditioning

answer

Operant conditioning

question

True or false: The word broccoli has only a single morpheme

answer

True

question

You are driving with your friend and she says "you have a green light". Your friend is probably not mindlessly commenting on the state of the traffic light, and instead is indirectly implying that you should accelerate. This aspect of how meaning of utterances is not always literal is referred to as: semantics syntax pragmatics idioms

answer

pragmatics

question

Human beings produce over 500 different phonemes, of which the English language uses ____. about 11 about 26 about 45 over 140

answer

about 45

question

Language's "compositionality" refers to the way that language is composed of sub-units, which themselves are composed of sub-units, which can be arranged and ordered in different ways to form different meanings the fact that language is made of sounds the fact that language is processed by the brain the fact that the meaning of an utterance cannot be broken down into an analysis of its parts

answer

is composed of sub-units, which themselves are composed of sub-units, which can be arranged and ordered in different ways to form different meanings

question

Dolores has moved to a big city for the first time in her life. She is excited by the opportunity to explore the city, but is also anxious about what she read recently about street crime in one of the city's neighborhoods. In reality, she is more at risk of harm from reckless drivers. What heuristic is she applying is this situation? recognition heuristic affect heuristic availability heuristic representativeness heuristic

answer

availability heuristic

question

Which of the following is the best definition of a concept? an internal mental process that can include information processing and thinking a representation of a category formed by averaging all members of that category an organizing principle derived from experience a specific member of a category used to represent that categor

answer

an organizing principle derived from experience

question

Noam Chomsky argued that one important feature of human languages is that language is a set of rules for how to combine words into sentences they are easily learnable language has a critical period after which it is hard to learn a new language languages are culturally transmitted

answer

language is a set of rules for how to combine words into sentences

question

Which reliable method of discovering word boundaries did we talk about in class? The probability of certain sounds following certain other sounds The pauses that occur between words Changes in amplitude and pitch that occur at word boundaries Innate knowledge of word boundaries

answer

The probability of certain sounds following certain other sounds

question

Confirmation bias disrupts our reasoning by leading us to only pay attention to information that is emotionally salient seek information that would falsify what we believe only pay attention to information that is commonly portrayed in the media seek only information that supports what we already believe

answer

seek only information that supports what we already believe

question

If a child is told a new toy is called a "wug", and then is shown three of those toys and asked what they are called. In this situation, at very young ages children know that the right answer is "three wugs". Steven Pinker argues that is evidence that children are very good at learning the meanings of words very good at memorizing all of the words that they hear born knowing the abstract grammatical rules of their language very good at learning the abstract grammatical rules of their language

answer

born knowing the abstract grammatical rules of their language very good at learning the abstract grammatical rules of their language

UCR PSYCH 001 iLearn Quizzes (WILLITS) – Flashcards

Unlock all answers in this set

Haven't found what you were looking for?

Search for samples, answers to your questions and flashcards