u6 endocrine system quizlet – Flashcards
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adrenal cortex
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The adrenal cortex produces steroid hormones which regulate carbohydrate and fat metabolism and mineralocorticoid hormones which regulate salt and water balance in the body
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adrenal gland
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Either of two small endocrine glands, one located above each kidney. The outer portion, or cortex, secretes steroid hormones (corticosteroids). The inner portion, or medulla, secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
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adrenal medulla
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is part of the adrenal gland. It is located at the center of the gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex.
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adrenal medulla
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is part of the adrenal gland. It is located at the center of the gland, being surrounded by the adrenal cortex.
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adrecorticotropic hormone
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), also known as corticotropin (INN, BAN) (brand names Acortan, ACTH, Acthar, Acton, Cortigel, Trofocortina), is a polypeptide tropic hormone produced and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland
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aldosterone
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a corticosteroid hormone that stimulates absorption of sodium by the kidneys and so regulates water and salt balance.
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amino acid based
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three classes based on their chemical structure: lipid-derived, amino acid-derived, and peptide hormones (which includes peptides and proteins).
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antidiuretic hormone
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An antidiuretic is an agent or drug that, when administered to an organism, helps control body water balance by reducing urination, opposing diuresis
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calcitonin
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a hormone secreted by the thyroid that has the effect of lowering blood calcium
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corticosteroids
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any of a group of steroid hormones produced in the adrenal cortex or made synthetically. There are two kinds: glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. They have various metabolic functions and some are used to treat inflammation.
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cortisol
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another term for hydrocortisone.
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cortisone
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a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex. One of the glucocorticoids, it is also made synthetically for use as an anti-inflammatory and anti-allergy agent.
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endocrine gland
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Endocrine glands are glands of the endocrine system that secrete their products, hormones, directly into the blood rather than through a duct. The major glands of the endocrine system include the pineal gland, pituitary gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, hypothalamus and adrenal glands
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epinephrine
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another term for adrenaline.
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estrogen
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any of a group of steroid hormones that promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics of the body. Such hormones are also produced artificially for use in oral contraceptives or to treat menopausal and menstrual disorders.
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exocrine gland
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a gland (as a sweat gland, a salivary gland, or a kidney) that releases a secretion external to or at the surface of an organ by means of a canal or duct—called also gland of external secretion.
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follicle-stimulating hormone
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a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that promotes the formation of ova or sperm.
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glucagon
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a hormone formed in the pancreas that promotes the breakdown of glycogen to glucose in the liver
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gonadotropic hormone
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any of a group of hormones secreted by the pituitary that stimulate the activity of the gonads.
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growth hormone
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a hormone that stimulates growth in animal or plant cells, especially (in animals) a hormone secreted by the pituitary gland.
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hormones
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a regulatory substance produced in an organism and transported in tissue fluids such as blood or sap to stimulate specific cells or tissues into action.
a synthetic substance with an effect similar to that of an animal or plant hormone.
a persons sex hormones as held to influence behavior or mood.
a synthetic substance with an effect similar to that of an animal or plant hormone.
a persons sex hormones as held to influence behavior or mood.
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hypothalamus
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a region of the forebrain below the thalamus that coordinates both the autonomic nervous system and the activity of the pituitary, controlling body temperature, thirst, hunger, and other homeostatic systems, and involved in sleep and emotional activity.
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insulin
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a hormone produced in the pancreas by the islets of Langerhans that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood. The lack of insulin causes a form of diabetes.
an animal-derived or synthetic form of insulin used to treat diabetes.
an animal-derived or synthetic form of insulin used to treat diabetes.
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luteinizing hormone
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a hormone secreted by the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation in females and the synthesis of androgen in males.
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melatonin
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a hormone secreted by the pineal gland that inhibits melanin formation and is thought to be concerned with regulating the reproductive cycle.
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negative feedback
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the diminution or counteraction of an effect by its own influence on the process giving rise to it, as when a high level of a particular hormone in the blood may inhibit further secretion of that hormone, or where the result of a certain action may inhibit further performance of that action.
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norepinephrine
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a hormone that is released by the adrenal medulla and by the sympathetic nerves and functions as a neurotransmitter. It is also used as a drug to raise blood pressure.
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ovaries
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a female reproductive organ in which ova or eggs are produced, present in humans and other vertebrates as a pair.
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oxytocin
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a hormone released by the pituitary gland that causes increased contraction of the uterus during labor and stimulates the ejection of milk into the ducts of the breasts
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pancreas
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a large gland behind the stomach that secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum. Embedded in the pancreas are the islets of Langerhans, which secrete into the blood the hormones insulin and glucagon
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pancreatic islets
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The pancreas contains clusters of cells that produce hormones. These clusters are known as islets. There are several different types of cells in an islet. For example, alpha cells make the hormone glucagon, which raises the glucose (a type of sugar) level in the blood.
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parathyroid gland
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The parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck of humans and other tetrapods that produce parathyroid hormone. Humans usually have four parathyroid glands, variably located on the back of the thyroid gland, although considerable variation exists.
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parathyroid hormones
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a gland next to the thyroid that secretes a hormone ( parathyroid hormone ) that regulates calcium levels in a persons body.
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pineal gland
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a pea-sized conical mass of tissue behind the third ventricle of the brain, secreting a hormonelike substance in some mammals.
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pituitary gland
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the major endocrine gland. A pea-sized body attached to the base of the brain, the pituitary is important in controlling growth and development and the functioning of the other endocrine glands.
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positive feedback loop
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the enhancement or amplification of an effect by its own influence on the process that gives rise to it.
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progesterone
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a steroid hormone released by the corpus luteum that stimulates the uterus to prepare for pregnancy.
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prolactin
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a hormone released from the anterior pituitary gland that stimulates milk production after childbirth.
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steroid based
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any of a large class of organic compounds with a characteristic molecular structure containing four rings of carbon atoms (three six-membered and one five). They include many hormones, alkaloids, and vitamins.
short for anabolic steroid.
short for anabolic steroid.
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target cells/organs
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. A cell selectively affected by a particular agent, such as a virus, drug, or hormone.
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testes
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an organ that produces spermatozoa (male reproductive cells).
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testosterone
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a steroid hormone that stimulates development of male secondary sexual characteristics, produced mainly in the testes, but also in the ovaries and adrenal cortex.
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thymosin
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One of several polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus that control the maturation of T cells. They are derived from a polypeptide called prothymosin-alpha (PTMA) or alpha thymosin.
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thymus gland
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a lymphoid organ situated in the neck of vertebrates that produces T cells for the immune system. The human thymus becomes much smaller at the approach of puberty.
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thyroid gland
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a large ductless gland in the neck that secretes hormones regulating growth and development through the rate of metabolism
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thyroid stimulating
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thyrotropine
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thyroxine t4
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the main hormone produced by the thyroid gland, acting to increase metabolic rate and so regulating growth and development.
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triiodothryronine t3
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a thyroid hormone similar to thyroxine but having greater potency.
