U S history unit 1 test review – Flashcards
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Abolition movement
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the campaign against slavery and the slave trade
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Abraham Lincoln
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16th President of the United States saved the Union during the Civil War and emancipated the slaves; was assassinated by Booth (1809-1865)
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Anaconda plan
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Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take an army through heart of south
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Andrew Jackson
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(1829-1833) and (1833-1837), Indian removal act, nullification crisis, Old Hickory," first southern/ western president," President for the common man," pet banks, spoils system, specie circular, trail of tears, Henry Clay Flectural Process.
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Bill rights
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The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution
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compromise of 1850
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(1) California admitted as free state, (2) territorial status and popular sovereignty of Utah and New Mexico, (3) resolution of Texas-New Mexico boundaries, (4) federal assumption of Texas debt, (5) slave trade abolished in DC, and (6) new fugitive slave law; advocated by Henry Clay and Stephen A. Douglas
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Cotton Gin
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A machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793
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Declaration of Independence
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1776 statement, issued by the Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain.
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Development of slave labor
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Native Americans dying and colonization spurs need. Spain/ Portugal were first to bring Africans, England then took the lead.
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Election of 1860
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Lincoln, the Republican candidate, won because the Democratic party was split over slavery. As a result, the South no longer felt like it has a voice in politics and a number of states seceded from the Union.
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Emancipation proclamation
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(AL) , Issued by abraham lincoln on september 22, 1862 it declared that all slaves in the confederate states would be free
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Fort Sumter
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Federal fort in the harbor of Charleston, South Carolina; the confederate attack on the fort marked the start of the Civil War
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French and Indian war
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(1754-1763) War fought in the colonies between the English and the French for possession of the Ohio Valley area. The English won.
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George Washington
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1st President of the United States; commander-in-chief of the Continental Army during the American Revolution (1732-1799)
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Gettysburg address
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A 3-minute address by Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War (November 19, 1963) at the dedication of a national cemetery on the site of the Battle of Gettysburg
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Henry Clay
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A northern American politician. He developed the American System as well as negotiated numerous compromises.
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Indentured servants
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Colonists who received free passage to North America in exchange for working without pay for a certain number of years
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Intolerable acts
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series of laws passed in 1774 to punish Boston for the Tea Party
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James Oglethorpe
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Founded Georgia; a member of parliament; philanthropist; social reformer (helping those in debtors' prisons)
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Jefferson Davis
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President of the Confederate States of America
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John smith
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English explorer who helped found the colony at Jamestown, Virginia
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John Wilkes booth
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Assassinated Abraham Lincoln
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John Winthrop
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Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Speaker of "City upon a hill"
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Missouri compromise
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"Compromise of 1820" over the issue of slavery in Missouri. It was decided Missouri entered as a slave state and Maine entered as a free state and all states North of the 36th parallel were free states and all South were slave states.
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Preamble
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(n.) an introduction to a speech or piece of writing
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Proclamation of 1763
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A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east.
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Puritans
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A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. They came to America for religious freedom and settled Massachusetts Bay.
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Quakers
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A form of Protestantism in which the believers were pacifists and would shake at the power of the word of the Lord
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Quartering act
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1765 - Required the colonials to provide food, lodging, and supplies for the British troops in the colonies.
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Robert e lee
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Confederate general who had opposed secession but did not believe the Union should be held together by force
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Sectionalism
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Loyalty to a region
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Southern succession
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-leaving union, Lincoln tried to reassure south that they can solve their problems
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Stamp act
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1765; law that taxed printed goods, including: playing cards, documents, newspapers, etc.
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Sugar act
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(1764) British deeply in debt partl to French & Indian War. English Parliament placed a tariff on sugar, coffee, wines, and molasses. colonists avoided the tax by smuggling and by bribing tax collectors.
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Taxation without representation
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During the Revolutionary War, citizens in colonies were taxed but not allowed to vote in Parliament.
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Tea act
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1773 act which eliminated import tariffs on tea entering England and allowed the British East India Company to sell directly to consumers rather than through merchants. Led to the Boston Tea Party.
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Thomas Jefferson
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3rd President of the United States
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Thomas Paine
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Author of Common Sense
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Townshend act
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A tax that the British Parliament placed on leads, glass, paint and tea
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Trail of tears
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(AJ) , The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.
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Ulysses s grant
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an American general and the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War.
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William penn
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A Quaker that founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where his people and others could live in peace and be free from persecution.
