U.S. History Chapter 2 – Flashcards
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The government of which country sponsored Christopher Columbus's 1492 exploration?
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Spain
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While it was catastrophic that the bubonic plague killed about a third of Europe's population, it was beneficial in that it
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eased pressure on food resources and created greater opportunities for advancement
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Factors that encouraged exploration and territorial expansion included
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technological advances in navigational and monarchs who hoped to enlarge their realms, enrich their dynasties, and magnify their power and prestige
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Some of the scientific and technological advances that aided European explorers by 1400 included the
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astrolabe and the compass
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Portugal was an unlikely nation to lead Europe in the Age of Exploration because
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it was a small nation with less than 2 percent of the population of Christian Europe.
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By the 1400s, the Portuguese used African slaves to work sugar plantations on the Cape Verde Islands and became the first nation to
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associate plantation labor with African slavery
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When Columbus first arrived in the New World, he believed he was in
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East Indies
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The transatlantic exchange of goods, people, and ideas between the New World and Europe is referred to as the
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Columbian Exchange
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Contact and trade between the peoples of the the Old and New Worlds
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exposed Indians to devastating Old World diseases
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The gender and number of Spanish settlers in New Spain created a society in which
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Spanish men frequently married Indian women and a class structure emerged with only 1 to 2 percent of the population dominating.
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The system of coerced labor in New Spain grew directly out of Spaniards' assumption that
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Spaniards were superior to Indians.
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John Cabot was sponsored by the English monarch to search for a "Northwest passage" to the Indies. Which area did he claim for England?
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Newfoundland
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Which of the following countries first navigated a sea route from Europe to Asia?
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Portugal
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Portugal's early interest in exploration and expansion stemmed from its desire to
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expel Muslims from the Iberian Peninsula and gain access to African trade posts.
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Hernan Cortes's dominance over Mexico was most significant because it
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served as a model for future colonization
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The conquistador whose men buried him in the Mississippi River was
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Hernando de Soto
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After fifty years of contact with Europeans in the New World
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90 percent of the Indians had died primarily from the harshness of colonial policies and diseases inadvertently transmitted by Europeans
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The death of millions of Indians affected Spain
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greatly. The lack of natives created a labor shortage that led to the purchase of African slaves.
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The first permanent European settlement within what would become the United States was
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St. Augustine, Florida.
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In 1517, Martin Luther publicized his criticism of the Catholic Church. The theological differences between Luther and the Catholic Church centered on
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how salvation could be gained.
