U.S. History: Ch 11 Test – Flashcards

It would drag the United States into European conflicts.

Russia

Government agencies such as the War Industries Board, the Railroad Administration, and the Fuel Administration controlled wartime production, pricing, and distribution. The National War Labor Board dealt with disputes between industry management and labor. Workers who refused to obey board decisions could lose their draft exemptions. The Espionage and Sedition Acts(1917 and 1918)allowed a citizen to be fined or imprisoned for speaking out against the government or the war effort. Benefits of these actions include streamlining war production and removing obstacles to the war effort. Drawbacks include rising costs for consumers as corporations reaped huge profits, the weakening of labor unions, and the violation of people's right to free speech. Students may argue that a government needs to have the authority to take extreme actions during wartime in order for the effort to be successful. Or, they may argue that the government has no right to expand its powers during wartime, especially when such actions threaten civil liberties.

the alliance system.

The war involved new and more deadly weapons, such as submarines, the machine gun, poison gas, tanks, and airplanes. It was global, involving many more nations than had ever been at war before. European civilians died in greater numbers and in greater proportions than had been the case in other wars. The U.S. soldiers had to travel to Europe to fight.

increased support for women's right to vote.

Fourteen Points

Selective Service Act

Captain Eddie Rickenbacker

conscientious objector

convoy system

mechanized warfare

Selective Service Act

convoy system

Alvin York

General John J. Pershing

The purpose of the acts was to stifle dissent during the war and/or to protect the United States from disagreements that might weaken the war effort. Students who do not think the laws were a good idea could say that the First Amendment does not state "in time of peace" while making its guarantees of individual liberties, that criticism of government officials or actions does not constitute a real threat to the nation, that Justice Holmes's statements about truth and the safety it provides is accurate, and that violating the rights and liberties on which the nation was founded is far more dangerous than any threat posed by criticism. Students who think the laws were a good idea could say that wartime is unusual in that it requires a unified effort on the part of all citizens to achieve the same goal and that weakening the nation's commitment to the war effort presented a real danger to U.S. survival.

Sarajevo, Bosnia

Fourteen Points and the Treaty of Versailles

the United States joined the war only after Russia's oppressive monarchy was replaced.

Allied leaders

Fourteen Points and the Treaty of Versailles

Treaty of Versailles

neither the Fourteen Points or the Treaty of Versailles

demanded better conditions for workers, even during a war crisis.

The war contributed to the Great Migration, the movement of many African Americans from the South to the North. Causes of the Great Migration include racism in the South, poor farming conditions in the South, and new job opportunities in war industries in Northern cities. During the war, women took many jobs traditionally held by men, such as railroad workers, dockworkers, bricklayers, coal miners, and shipbuilders. More women also entered the workforce as nurses, clerks, and teachers. The need for greater production during wartime and the fact that many men were in the military created more opportunities for women. Women's service during the war bolstered support for the woman suffrage movement, and in 1919, Congress finally passed the Nineteenth Amendment. Students may argue that these changes would have happened eventually, but that the war made them happen more rapidly. Both the movement of African Americans to Northern cities and the movement for woman suffrage began before the war but were accelerated by it.

groups of guarded ships

treating all nations justly, including the losers of a war.

American isolationism

the Treaty of Versailles

barred Germany from maintaining an army.

It is unwise to be too harsh in imposing peace terms. A humiliated nation becomes angry and determined for revenge. If victors demand the impossible, they won't get it. If anger and vengeful feelings are allowed to control peace terms, the peace will not be a lasting one. All people or nations involved in an effort should be represented in the conclusion of that effort. An ally at one point in history may well not be an ally at a later point.

the outrage of American citizens over German submarine warfare.

the United States

the British blockade

Zimmermann note

Archduke Franz Ferdinand

militarism

Allies

socialists

Central Powers

pacifists

nationalism

imperialism

Lusitania

both the Fourteen Points and Treaty of Versailles

the Treaty of Versailles

allowed the government to silence ideas that challenged its authority.

a. The United States should have entered sooner, because doing so could have brought the war to an end much earlier and possibly prevented hundreds of thousands of deaths and millions of dollars of damage. Also, the Central Powers threatened democracies worldwide, and the United States should have realized that. b. The United States was right to enter when it did because that was the point at which it finally became clear that neutrality was no longer possible and that isolationism posed its own, more serious dangers. The United States had not caused the war and had no moral obligation to be involved in it. Earlier, there was still a chance that the Allies would be victorious without U.S. involvement. c. It was wrong for the United States to enter at all, at least before its own borders were invaded; the war was not necessary to protect America. Germany had suggested an alliance with Mexico, but one had not been formed. The war had begun in Europe and had been caused by Europeans; it should have been settled without Americans.

the Treaty of Versailles

airplanes and tanks

neutrality.

Men were required to register for military service.

the Treaty of Versailles