Treatment of Disorders – Flashcards
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Treatment of Mental Disorders
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Broken down into psychological and biological approaches.
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Psychotherapy/Eclectic
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Generally aimed at changing patterns of thought or behavior. Contains more than 400 different approaches to treatment. Most practitioners follow a [BLANK] approach, using a variety of approaches to meet an individual's needs.
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Evidence-based therapy
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[BLANK] is psychological treatment that improves outcomes above and beyond no treatment.
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Freud
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Pioneered method of psychoanalysis
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Psychoanalysis
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Treatment involved uncovering unconscious feelings and drives that gave rise to maladaptive thoughts and behaviors. Techniques included free association and dream analysis. Goal of [BLANK] is to help clients gain insight into their unconscious and how these processes affect daily functioning.
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Positive health effects
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Researchers have found [BLANK] for people who disclose emotional events
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Behavioral therapy
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Behavior is learned and therefore can be unlearned through the use of classical and operant conditioning. Most often used in treating anxiety disorders.
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Cognitive therapy
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Distorted thoughts produce maladaptive behaviors and emotions. Cognitive treatment strategies attempt to modify these thought patterns.
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Cognitive restructuring
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Learning to identify and alter maladaptive thoughts. Addresses ways of reacting to the symptoms of a panic attack. Helps clients recognize the irrationality of their fears.
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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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Focuses on the way a person's thoughts, emotions, and behaviors are connected. Teaches specific skills, and often involves homework such as logging reactions or behavior to identify patterns and track change Goal is to teach strategies that will return someone to healthy functioning as quickly and effectively as possible. The treatment typically lasts 6-20 sessions. [BLANK] is the type of psychotherapy with the strongest evidence for treating many disorders - especially anxiety and depression; insomnia too!
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Family Members
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Some therapists insist that [BLANK] be involved in therapy, where all [BLANK] involved in therapy are considered as the client
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Culture
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[BLANK] has multiple influences on the way psychological disorders are expressed, which people with psychological disorders are likely to recover, and people's willingness to seek help.
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Antidepressants
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Used for the treatment of depression. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). Increases serotonin levels by blocking 'reuptake.'
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Anti-anxiety drugs
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Used for the treatment of anxiety. Benzodiazepines. Increase the activity of GABA. Induce drowsiness and are highly addictive.
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Alternative treatments
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Brain surgery, the use of magnetic fields, and electrical stimulation
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Electroconvulsive therapy
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A procedure that involves administering a strong electrical current to the patient's brain to produce a seizure. Despite the stigma, [BLANK] can be quite effective, with 50% remission. The long-term relapse rate is high, though, unless treatment continues periodically (but the same goes for medication).
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Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
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Electrodes are surgically implanted deep within the brain & mild electricity is then used to stimulate the brain at an optimal frequency and intensity. Tremendously successful in treating Parkinson's disease
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Unsupported
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Therapies [BLANK] by scientific evidence can be dangerous. May even produce results opposite to those intended.
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Right Therapist
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Choosing the [BLANK] is extremely important for ensuring successful treatment.
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Randomized control trials (RCT)
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The gold standard for studying a treatment of any disorder used in both psychology and medicine. Studies that can establish whether a particular treatment is effective. The only way to know whether a treatment is valid is to conduct empirical research that compares the treatment with a control condition.
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Psychotherapy controls
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Either education about the disorder and suggestions for healthy habits or a "wait-list" condition
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Biological controls
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Sugar pill/placebo; surgery is more difficult
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Anxiety Best/Worst Treatments
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CBT + drugs/Psychoanalytic theory
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Phobia Best Treatments
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Behavioral techniques/systematic desensitization/drugs
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Panic Disorder Best Treatments
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CBT/Cognitive Restructuring/Exposure Treatment
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Exposure Treatment
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Breaking the connection between the trigger symptom and the resulting panic through exposure.
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Interoceptive exposure
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Remove the fear of fear through inducing physical sensations of rapid heart rate, dizziness, etc.
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OCD Best Treatments
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Clomipramine/CBT/
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No best way
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There is [BLANK] to treat depression.
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Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRIs)
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Inhibits serotonin reuptake. [BLANK] are prescribed most frequently because they have relatively fewer side effects, compared to other current drugs
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CBT
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[BLANK] is just as effective as antidepressants in treating depression.
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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
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Effective treatments for those who are severely depressed and do not respond to conventional treatments
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8
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[#]% of adolescents reported experiencing a major depressive episode within the last year. Only a third received treatment.
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Treatments for Adolescents with Depression Study (TADS)
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Found that the SSRI Prozac is effective in treating adolescent depression.
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Best Treatment for Bipolar Disorder
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Lithium.
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Schizophrenia Treatment
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Clozapine, risperdol, zyprexia. Decrease dopamine levels.
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Social skills training
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An effective way to address some behavioral deficits in patients. When selfcare skills are deficient, behavioral interventions can focus on areas such as grooming and bathing, management of medications, and financial planning.
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Early/Aggressively
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It is in the best interest of patients with schizophrenia to treat the disorder [BLANK] and [BLANK]
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Personality disorders
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[BLANK] are notoriously difficult to treat. Little is known about how best to treat them, very few large, well-controlled studies. Patients see environment as problem rather than selves, which makes them very difficult to engage in therapy.
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Antisocial Personality
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Psychotropic medications have not been effective. Patients rarely seek treatment, often have strained relationships with therapists. Therapy creates little improvement. Time and effort may be better spent on prevention than treatment.
