Topic Test 3 – Flashcards

A Type I statistical error occurs when a researcher claims that there is not enough support to establish significance for the research hypothesis, but in fact there is enough.

Which of the following statements concerning correlation analysis is not true? A. A researcher may claim that one variable influences another if test results are significant. B. A researcher may claim that variables are related to each other if test results are significant. C. A researcher may claim that one variable causes another to occur if test results are significant. D. A researcher may claim that one variable can predict the outcome of another if test results are significant.

When a psychologist wants to conduct a research study, the study design will be reviewed for ethical standards before a(n) __________. A. college exam board B. institutional review board C. experiment submission board D. alimentary consideration board

In order to test a nondirectional hypothesis, a researcher would use a __________ test. A. one-tailed B. alternative C. critical D. two-tailed

Which of the following statements describes integrity? A. honesty regulated by a governmental regulatory committee B. honesty as dictated by the school a person attends C. honesty regulated by a person's sense of right and wrong D. honesty as dictated by an authority figure, like the president

A valid study must also be reliable.

It is the obligation of researchers to review and comment on the research of other researchers.

Critical value levels influence all of the following except __________. A. statistical power B. sample size C. probability of significance D. statistical support

A test that is administered in a consistent manner increases the reliability of a study.

In the Tuskegee syphilis experiments, what information did researchers keep from their subjects about their illnesses? A. They were told they had a rare form of syphilis. B. They were not treated for or told they had cancer. C. They were told they had a sexually transmitted infection. D. They were not treated for or told they had syphilis.

It is best to keep the purpose of the study's research from the subjects in order to keep their involvement private.

When a psychologist describes a developing culture as "primitive," what bias are they displaying? A. sexism B. ethnocentrism C. racism D. xenocentrism

Animal research has made no important scientific contribution.

Standard deviation refers to the __________. A. statistics used to organize, summarize, and describe sample data B. value within a given set of data in its original form C. average distance between variable scores and the mean in a set of data D. difference between the largest and smallest variable scores in a set of data

Multiple linear regression is used to evaluate the influence of one independent variable on another.

A psychiatrist will establish privacy guidelines with clients near the end of their second diagnostic visit.

Statistics can promote limitations in perception in all of the following ways except by __________. A. defining the relationship between variables in a subjective manner B. providing information about participants that leads to a biased point of view C. considering alternative perspectives when defining variable relationships D. creating personal labels for individuals that relate to participants within a study

For psychologists, controlling electronic information is important because electronic information is __________. A. harder to organize than physical copies of information B. trivially easy to copy and redistribute C. difficult to share with other researchers and psychologists D. practically impossible to keep confidential

Psychologists are supposed to make the most ethical decision they can in any circumstance.

A researcher may use a two-tailed test to evaluate a directional hypothesis.

Read the scenario below and answer the question that follows. Karen is a psychiatrist at a large hospital. Although she is extremely busy at her job, when making her rounds to see her patients, she takes the time to talk to each of her patients and establishes a rapport with each one. Which of the following principles of psychology or codes of conduct did Karen demonstrate? A. Beneficence and Nonmaleficence B. Fidelity and Responsibility C. Respect for People's Rights and Dignity D. Competence

For a study to accurately reflect a target population behavior, it must use __________ measures. A. both reliable and valid B. only reliable C. only valid D. neither reliable nor valid

One of the main arguments that animal rights advocates present is that animals have rights because they __________. A. have moral agency B. are capable of suffering C. cannot defend themselves D. are the property of humans

Which of the following statements concerning statistical probability is not true? A. Probability involves the level of certainty a researcher has in a circumstance or event taking place. B. Probability influences how much a researcher is able to generalize research results back to the population. C. Probability influences whether or not a researcher can claim statistical significance. D. Probability levels for finding statistical significance increase as statistical power decreases.

The average value of a given set of data is the mode.