TNM Staging for Bladder Cancer – Flashcards
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(T)
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Primary Tumor
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TX
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Primary tumor cannot be assessed
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T0
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No evidence of primary tumor
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Ta
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Noninvasive papillary carcinoma
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Tis
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Carcinoma in situ: "Flat Tumor"
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T1
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Tumor invades subepithelial connective tissue
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T2
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Tumor invades muscularis propria
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pT2a
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Tumor invades superficial muscularis propria (Inner Half)
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pT2b
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Tumor invades deep musucularis propria (Outer Half)
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T3
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Tumor invades perivesical tissue
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pT3a
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Microscopic perivesical tissue invasion
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pT3b
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Macroscopically (extravesical mass)
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T4
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Tumor invades any of the following: Prostatic stroma, seminal vesicles, uterus, vagina, pelvic wall, abdominal wall
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T4a
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Tumor invades prostatic stroma, uterus, vagina
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T4b
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Tumor invades pelvic wall, abdominal wall
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(N)
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Regional Lymph Nodes (Regional lymph nodes include both 1º & 2º drainage regions. All other nodes above the aortic bifurcation are considered distant lymph nodes)
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NX
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Lymph nodes cannot be assessed
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N0
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No lymph node metastasis
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N1
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Single regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (hypogastric, obturator, external iliac, or presacral lymph node)
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N2
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Multiple regional lymph node metastasis in the true pelvis (hypogastric, obturator, external iliac, or presacral lymph node metastasis)
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N3
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Lymph node metastasis to the common iliac lymph nodes
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(M)
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Distant Metastasis
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M0
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No distant metastasis
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M1
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Distant metastasis
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Stage 0a
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Ta N0 M0
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Stage 0is
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Tis N0 M0
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Stage I
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T1 N0 M0
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Stage II
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T2a/T2b N0 M0
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Stage III
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T3a/T3b/T4a N0 M0
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Stage IV
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T4b, N0, M0 Any T, N1-3, M0 Any T, Any N, M1
