Third Wave – Quest – Flashcards

-Earlier, longer lasting than Mongol conquests. -Pastoral culture, related to the Mongol. -Various migration waves of different tribal groups. -By 900 CE, they colonized Central Asia. -Converted to Islam.

-Gradually moved into Anatolia (Iran) -Abbasids used Seljuk warriors in their armies. -Gradually gained real control but kept Abbasid caliphs as figureheads. -Seized power in 1066

-Self proclaimed Islamic warriors who fought against enemies of Islam (non-believers). -Gained control of Anatolia, then took control of southeastern Europe.

Constantinople.

The Ottoman sieged and captured the settlement. -Their empire lasted until 1918.

Boys seized from Christian families that became elite "shock troops".

-Located in Persia. -Shia Islam was the official state religion.

Mughal's conquest of India and the empire was established.

-Reduced food productions.

China.

-50-70% death rate. -Spread throughout the Mongol empire.

-fever, huge boils, swelling, blood pooled under the skin.

15-20 years (1720). -It then disappeared.

Sub Saharan Africa

People who allowed themselves to be whipped to atone for sins.

-some peasants tried to move to places that offered higher wages. -many Lords restricted the peasants right to move. -Uprisings.

-Ming Dynasty (1368-1644)

-Was founded by Emperor Hong Wu. -Children were street beggars. -Later became Buddhist monks.

-Strong, centralized government "Mandarins". -officials circulated through China to make sure policy and laws were carried out.

-Men who were castrated to show loyalty to the Ming Government. -At least a million served the Ming Government, rebirth of confucian studies, and tests.

-Third emperor of the Ming Dynasty. -Created a massive encyclopedia.

-Literature, history, philosophy. -23,000 volumes.

The Forbidden City (located in Bejing) -Palace complex, 250 acres. -Palaces, libraries, courtyards, and gardens.

-A series of 7 expeditions across the Indian ocean. -Led by admiral Zheng He. -Last reached East Coast of Africa.

-406 feet long and 160 feet wide. -four decks (500 men)

-317 Ships. -Warships carrying 2,800 sailors. -Gifts of porcelain and silk.

To open trade, and to explore.

Monarchs, Nobles, and Popes.

-Weakened Nobility. -Had a standing, professional royal army. -Nobles used to be the judges. -Established Royal courts with "Circuit Courts" judges. -Jury trials.

Laws based on court rulings -it is made by judges sitting in courts, applying legal precedent (stare decisis) to the facts before them.

In 1215 Nobles forced King John to sign the Magna Carta. -There was no written constitution.

-A document constituting a fundamental guarantee of rights and privileges. -No new taxes without consent of the Great Council. -The King is not above the law.

-7 French Popes were not allowed outside borders of France. -Popes lived in Avignon.

2 rival lines.

The French and English nobility.

-England v. France. -English Kings controlled about 1/2 of France. -By 1420 England controlled most of France.

-A heroine of France for her role during the Lancastrian phase of the Hundred Years' War, and was canonized as a Roman Catholic saint. -Led French army to victory.

Stronger governments developed in European States as monarchs gained more power. -New taxes (sales, hearths, plows, and salt). -Standing Army.

England, France, Spain, Austria, Sweden, and Russia.

Isabella (Castille). -It led to a unified Spain.

-Crown prince of Muscovy. -Tripled territory controlled Muscovy. -Stopped tribute payments to Mongols ("Tartars") -Married the niece of last Byzantine Emperor.

(Rebirth) -Rebirth of interest in and study of ancient Greece and Rome.

-An Italian humanist and teacher. -Established "Casa Gioiosa" a school. -Taught Latin, Greek, math, music, philosophy. -Taught Dancing, manners, riding, and fencing.

-Study of Greek and Roman literature, philosophy, and history. -Intellectual development, self realization, critical thought. -Brought appreciation of the physical world's beauty.

-Achievement in a wide range of subjects and knowledge.

The "Dark Ages".

"The Civilization of Renaissance Italy" (1860)

-Claimed the Renaissance was a complete new beginning drastically different between Medieval Europe.

The birthplace/central of the Renaissance. -One of 12 city-states in Italy.

-A wealthy banking family. -All patrons of art.

-Giovanni Di Bicci. -De Medici. -Cosimo. -Piero. -Lorenzo

-"The Magnificent" -The son of Giovanni. -Established a school for artists.

Donatello, Leonardo, Michelangelo, and Raphael.

-Emphasis on realism. -Linear perspective. -Accurate anatomy. -Human emotions. -Classical and Christian themes. -Portraits of individuals.

-Only 12 known paintings. -Mona Lisa (Chiaroscuro) -The Last Supper. -Tempera (An egg based adhesive) -Sculpture, anatomy, astronomy, architecture, engineering, philosophy, weapon designs, music.

The concept of flight.

Jumped from one thing to another. -Wrote backwards.

-Sculptor. -Pieta (Rome) -David (Florence) -Moses (Small church in Rome) -Nude statues-Influence of ancient Greece.

-Sistine Chapel (132 X 45) -400 Life size figures grouped into scenes from old testament (mainly) -The alter wall represents the last judgement.

-Dome of St. Peter's Basilica 142 feet high.

-Painted portraits-humanist qualities. -"school of Athens" (a study of Greek and Roman philosophers and scientists.

-Emotionally intense subjects. -Birth of venus.

Studied designs and architecture of domes. -Il Du Omo (Dome in Florence 140 feet span)

-The divine comedy. -Imaginary journey of Hell, Purgatory, and Paradise.

-Muhammed was the 8th ring. -Satan and Judas was the 9th and final ring.

Was an Italian Renaissance historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer.

"The Prince" -Guidebook for gaining, retaining, and expanding governing power. -"The end (goal) justifies the means (methods)."

Duke of Valentinois, was an Italian condottiero, nobleman, politician, and cardinal, whose fight for power was a major inspiration for The Prince by Machiavelli.

German states and "low countries" (Netherlands)

Wealthy German Bankers that supported art.

-Jan Van Eych. (Flemmish) (Giovanni Arnolfini and his bride) -Peter Breughel (Dutch) (Scenes of daily activities, weddings, feasts, leisure activities.

-Dutch priest. -highly critical of corrupt clergy and practices in the church.

A dialogue that was written by Desiderius Eramus meaning "In praise of folly". -Ridicules superstition and ignorance of common people.

An English lawyer, social philosopher, author, statesman and noted Renaissance humanist. -Wrote "Utopia".

Social equality leads to religious tolerance.

"Siglo de Oro".

A painter, sculptor and architect of the Spanish Renaissance. - Domenikos Theotokopoulos.

Miguel de Cervantes.

Satire on Chivalry and the middle ages.