question

Who developed reality therapy?

answer

Wiliam Glasser

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What led Glasser to develop Reality Therapy?

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while working in a correctional institution and psychiatric hospital

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2 things Glasser emphasized:

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1) people are responsible for their own behavior and 2) they cannot blame the past, or outside forces, and at the same time achieve a high degree of mental health.

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Glasser asserted that behavior involves _______ and that there are always options open to most people.

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choices

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Though not greeted enthusiastically by the ______ profession (1965), Glasser's theory was well received by many, including corrections personnel, youth workers, counselors, therapists, and educators.

answer

medical

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Realiy therapy is recognized as a scientific and valid system due to 1) _________ validation 2) the existence of 6 european reality therapy _______

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1) empirical 2) organizations

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Glasser believed that we are an ______ _______, a world in which people are more focused on their identity needs than on their survival needs

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identity society

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Glasser felt that 3 gradual but important changes facilitated the arrival of the identity society:

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1. the passage of laws that guaranteed human rights 2. increased affluence that satisfied the basic need of survival 3. the advent of instant communication via electronic media

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Powers described the brain as an _____ _____ ______, similar to a thermostat that controls the temperature of a room.

answer

input control system

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Glasser (1984) extended Powers' control theory (or control system theory) by incorporating a system of _______ to explain human ______ and then molded the theory to the clinical setting and the practice of counseling and psychotherapy. Choice theory = brain an input control system Human needs are the source of all human behavior Behavior = output to satisfy needs

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needs; motivation

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human _____ are the source of all human behavior

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needs

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______ = output to satisfy needs

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behavior

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the _____ formulation described by Robert Wubbolding provides a pedagogical tool for learning and practicing the process of reality therapy

answer

WDEP

question

W= implies that the counselor helps clients explore their... D= means that clients describe the direction of their lives as well as what they are currently... E= indicates that the counselor helps in the client's self-_______ by asking such questions as "are your current actions effective?" P= clients are then helped to make simple and attainable action...

answer

WANTS DOING EVALUATION PLANS

question

As people grow, they develop specific _____ unique to themselves. -Though the behavior of all human beings is designed to fulfill inner _______, it differs according to ___ and _____

answer

wants -needs; age; culture

question

Wubbolding emphasizes the necessity of _______ ____ ______ as a facilitative component of healthy development.

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interpersonal quality time

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In order for quality time to serve as a solid support for effective growth and development, it must be characterized by the following traits...

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Effort Awareness of the other person Repetition Free of Criticism and Complaint Need-Fulfilling for all Persons Performed for a Limited Time

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Theory that human beings act on the world around them for a purpose, to satisfy their needs and wants.

answer

Choice Theory

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According to Glasser, _______ is the main motivator of behavior bc of belief in Identity Society

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belonging

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Glasser speaks of Total Behavior, which is comprised of... -all behaviors contain these 4 elements although one element or another is more obvious at a given time

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-action, thinking, feelings, physiology

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5 main needs outlined in Glasser's theory -Glasser said these inherent, general and universal

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**Belonging -Power -Fun -Freedom -Survival

question

Along with _____, which are specific and unique for each person, ______ serve as the motivators or sources of all behavior.

answer

wants; needs

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Reality therapy rests on the principle that human behavior springs from _____ ________, producing behavior from moment to moment.

answer

internal motivation

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Idea that human choices are not aimless or random, they are goal-oriented -they serve a purpose, which is to close the gap between the perception of what a person is getting and what he or she wants at any given moment

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teleological

question

Because behavior originates from _______, human beings are responsible for their behavior. In other words, we are all capable of ______. This change is brought about by choosing more _______ behaviors, especially the ______ component which is more easily controlled than the other components.

answer

within; change -effective; action

question

Human beings see the world through a __________ system that functions as a set of lenses. -At a _____ level of perception, the person simply recognizes the world, giving names to objects and events, but does not make judgments about them. -At a ____ level of perception, the person puts a positive or negative value on the perception.

answer

perceptual -low -high

question

Wubbolding & Brickell (2009) suggest that in the perceptual system a middle level filter exists whereby human beings see _______ between people, things, ideas, etc., a necessary pre-requisite for placing a value on the perception.

answer

relationships

question

The goal of reality therapy is to help clients...

answer

fulfill their needs

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The precise wants related to each need are examined so as to help clients fulfill their specific objectives or their ____ ____ _____

answer

quality world wants.

question

what is the aim of the counselor?

answer

assisting clients to make more effective and responsible choices related to their wants and needs

question

choices are seen as motivated by _____ needs and wants -NOT by past traumas, unresolved conflicts, peer pressure, or previous training.

answer

current

question

change occurs when...

answer

clients decide to change

question

major principles in the process of change:

answer

-present orientation -emphasis on choice -control of action -importance of relationship -

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idea that human behavior springs from current inner motivation and is neither an attempt to resolve past conflicts nor a mere response to an external stimulus.

answer

Present Orientation

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idea that it is useful to see behavior as a result of one's choices, to treat it as such, and to talk to clients as if they have choices. -The work of the counselor is to reveal more choices to clients and to help clients see that better choices are possible.

answer

Emphasis on Choice

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choice is the ______ element. -Because people have the most control over the action element, helping them change their actions is more efficacious than helping them think differently or helping them feel better.

answer

Control of Action -action

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The specific procedures of the WDEP system are based on the establishment of an empathic relationship. -As is abundantly clear from research, the relationship between the client and the counselor is critical in effecting change.

answer

Importance of Relationship.

question

Clients are encouraged to take action in an effort to satisfy their ____ ____ regardless of their history, insight, or even whether they feel good about taking action.

answer

five needs (belonging, power, fun, freedom, survival)

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Reality therapy had been criticized as merely a ____ ____ problem-solving method.

answer

short-term

question

The methodology employed in reality therapy consists of establishing an appropriate environment or psychological atmosphere and then applying the procedures that lead to change. Together these constitute the "_____ of _______"

answer

cycle of counseling

question

Brief intervention strategies: Create a Positive _______. - the basis for the WDEP system, is built not only on avoiding the uncongenial behaviors of arguing, criticizing, or giving up. Rather, it rests on "tonic" behaviors such as the global admonition to "be friends" in a professional manner.

answer

Create a Positive Environment

question

Brief intervention strategies: Suspend ______ -all behavior is a person's best effort at any given time to fulfill his or her needs. Consequently, a counselor who keeps this principle in mind can more easily see quite harmful choices from a low level of perception, without approval or disapproval.

answer

Suspend Judgement

question

Brief intervention strategies: Do the ________ -unpredictability is a quality that facilitates a helpful counseling or psychotherapy environment. Focusing on a strength, a success, or a time when the client felt good often generates the type of discussion that clients do not expect.

answer

unexpected

question

Brief intervention strategies: Use Humor

answer

A healthy and democratic sense of humor is a curative factor for the mental health specialist. Victor Borge once remarked that laughter is the shortest distance between two people.

question

Brief intervention strategies: Be Yourself.

answer

Though it is to be expected that students learning counseling skills will adopt the style of their teachers, or that of the leaders in each theory, they also need to adapt the skills that fit their own personality and core beliefs.

question

Brief intervention strategies:

answer

-create a positive environment -suspend judgement -do the unexpected -use humor -be yourself -share yourself -listen for metaphors -listen for themes -summarize and focus -Allow or Impose Consequences. -allow silence -be ethical -Be Redundant or Repetitious Create Suspense and Anticipation. Establish Boundaries. WDEP system -Getting a Commitment to Counseling

question

the WDEP system should not be seen as steps to be used __________ or mechanically; may be difficult to implement

answer

sequentially

question

5 levels of commitment (Wubbolding)

answer

1. "I don't want to be here." 2. "I want the outcome, but not the effort." 3. "I'll try; I might." 4. "I will do my best." 5. "I will do whatever it takes."

question

W in WDEP Wants

answer

wants, needs, perceptions

question

D in WDEP Doing

answer

Discussing Behavioral Direction and Doing (Total Behavior). -The counselor or therapist helps the client review his or her overall direction by using inquiries.

question

E in WDEP Evaluation

answer

helping Clients Conduct Evaluations. -clients look inward and examine the effectiveness of their lifestyle and its specific aspects.

question

P in WDEP Planning

answer

Plans that are truly efficacious have at least eight qualities, which can be summarized by the acronym SAMI2C3: S = Simple A = Attainable M = Measurable I = Immediate I = Involved C = Controlled by the client C = Committed to C = Consistent

question

The ____ __ ______ is a design for understanding reality therapy and an outline for knowing how to apply it. -The WDEP formulation is not a system that is intended to be followed in a mechanical manner, but rather a system from which the proper intervention is selected at a given time because of its apparent appropriateness.

answer

cycle of counseling

question

From the point of view of reality therapy, the diagnostic labels described in the Diagnostic Statistical Manual are..

answer

not static conditions

question

Mental disorders are seen as negative ________ (i.e., behaviors generated for a purpose—to fulfill wants and needs). -As goal-directed behaviors, negative symptoms can be replaced by more effective behaviors (i.e., positive symptoms).

answer

symptoms

question

The skilled reality counselor or therapist spends little time discussing _______ symptoms such as hallucinations, compulsions, psychoses, or depression.

answer

diagnostic

question

The counselor and client search for specific _______ related to effective need and want satisfaction especially directed toward a better sense of belonging and healthier relationships.

answer

solutions

question

The reality counselor or therapist treats all behaviors as if some element of choice is present. - In this way, clients feel both _____ and _________

answer

hope; empowerment

question

Reality therapy is an eminently ___-______ method.

answer

cross cultural -Based on universal psychological principles, the method has been applied to cultures as diverse as Asian, Middle Eastern, South American, African, European, as well as those represented in North America.

question

Practitioners using the principles of reality therapy are ________ of their own beliefs and attitudes, about their own culture, and the cultures of their clients.

answer

aware

question

While researchers continue to conduct studies validating the use of reality therapy, the widespread interest in the theory indicates that many practitioners have confidence in its _____

answer

efficacy

question

Limitations: Many clients believe that in order to make changes in their lives or to feel better, they need to gain insight into their past, resolve early conflicts, describe the negative aspects of their lives, or tell how they arrived at their present state.

answer

Reality therapy doesn't provide for this.

question

Limitations: The ______ language of reality therapy may be another limitation. It contains little jargon or technical terminology.

answer

concrete

question

Because the language of reality therapy is _____ understood, its practice can appear to be ______ implemented. Nevertheless, the effective use of reality therapy requires practice, supervision, and continuous learning.

answer

easily; easily

Theories Ch. 12: Reality Therapy – Flashcards

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