question

The media reported that college students are not as happy as those who are not in college. You are happy. You are in college. Is there something wrong with you?

answer

No-The media may not have reported all the pertinent details of the research findings. The results of a group study are not always relevant to an individual.

question

A random sample is a sample that gives every member of the _____ an equal chance at being selected.

answer

population

question

Researchers must use experiments to determine whether ____ ____ exist between variables.

answer

causal relationships

question

Correlational research is about establishing relationships between ____.

answer

variables

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The term ____ in correaltional research does not imply causation.

answer

correlation

question

What is a variable?

answer

Anything that can change.

question

Which of the following are steps in the scientific method?

answer

Drawing conclusions. Observing some phenomenon. Formulating hypotheses and predictions.

question

The third step in the scientific method is the need to collect and analyze data, that is, the testing of hypotheses by conducting ____ research by collecting and analyzing data.

answer

empirical

question

Descriptive statistics are used to ____; while inferential statistics are use to ____.

answer

describe and summarize data; draw conclusions about data

question

Which of the following are reasons that researchers might use correlational research?

answer

To investigate real world events. To use one variable to predict the value of another variable. To conduct research in situations where it would not be ethical to carry out an experiment in another way.

question

Theories can

answer

Be used to make predictions about future observations. Explain why certain things have happened. Tell psychologists about the relationships between variables on a conceptual level.

question

Generalizing research results of a group study to a(n) ____ may encourage a person to falsely apply the results to their own situation.

answer

individual

question

Media reported that a research study found that most of us can not react when threatened by an attacker. What specific information might be important to know about the details of this study?

answer

Information about the characteristics and size of the sample

question

A ____ is an idea arrived at logically from a theory. It can be thought of as an educated guess, and it can be tested.

answer

hypothesis

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____ are used to analyze and interpret the data collected from a research study.

answer

Statistics

question

The purpose of using ethical guidelines when conducting research is

answer

To protect participants best interests. To evaluate the ethical nature of research. To ensure the participants are not harmed.

question

Which of the following statements are true about descriptive research?

answer

Descriptive research can tell us how happy people are. Descriptive research cannot tell us what makes people happy. Descriptive research cannot tell us why people are happy.

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Because psychology is the scientific study of human behavior it

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should pertain to all humans.

question

____ research serves the purpose of determining the basic dimensions of a phenomenon and defining what it is or how often it occurs; but it cannot provide causal information.

answer

Descriptive

question

Which of the following represent variables that can be directly measured by correlational research?

answer

exam scores, ethnic backgrounds, biological sex

question

Correlational variables involves studies that are concerned with identifying the relationships between two or more ____ in order to describe how they change together.

answer

variables

question

A researcher is curious about people's satisfaction with their lives. What type of research might they choose to conduct to answer this question?

answer

Descriptive Research

question

Which of the following choices represents a sample group from a population of women in the workplace only?

answer

All female executives.

question

A correlational coefficient is most often represented in data by the letter

answer

r

question

Why have ethnic minorities been deliberately excluded from selected research samples historically?

answer

Since their scores did not fit neatly into the distribution, researchers excluded them to keep them from skewing their data.

question

Which statements are true regarding popular media reports of psychological research?

answer

Media often only present sensationalistic and dramatic research findings.

question

What is survey research?

answer

A standard set of questions used to obtain people's self-reported attitudes or beliefs about a particular topic.

question

There are two kinds of validity in experimental designs, ____ validity and ____ validity.

answer

external, internal

question

Why are ethical guidelines used by researchers?

answer

So that the research does not physically harm the participants. So that the research proposal is accepted by the review board. So that the research does not cause the participant emotional distress.

question

In order for observations to be effective, they must be ____ (systematic/subjective).

answer

systematic

question

The ____ is the measure of central tendency used most often.

answer

mean

question

A cross-sectional research study was done to look at the association between obesity and watching television. Which of the following are likely findings of this research?

answer

Findings indicated how many participants were obese and watched television. Findings did not indicate if obesity causes television watching.

question

A single number that tells you the overall characteristics of a set of data is called

answer

a measure of central tendency

question

In ____-____ procedure, neither the experimenter nor the participant know who is receiving the treatment drug and who is only receiving a placebo.

answer

double-blind

question

What is a drawback of the mean?

answer

The mean is easily affected if the data contains a few extreme scores.

question

Observing behavior in real-world setting is known as

answer

naturalistic behavior

question

Which of the following can be considered a population viable for a research study?

answer

Laboratory mice, children below the age of 12, African-American males

question

Longitudinal research can suggest potential ____ relationships.

answer

causal

question

A ____ is a broad idea can be used to make predictions about future observations.

answer

theory

question

A ____ ____ involves a psychologist, often a therapist, observing one person over a long period of time.

answer

case study

question

Now that the researchers have gathered data what do they do next?

answer

Researchers would analyze their data to see if it supports their hypothesis. Researchers would analyze the findings to see if their results tell us about the theory used to guide their study.

question

A ____ ____ is a factor that can change in an experiment in response to changes in the independent variable.

answer

dependent variable

question

(T/F): Descriptive statistics reveal the specific characteristics of data and the similarities between them.

answer

False

question

For a person to give informed consent to participate in a research study which of the following should they be given?

answer

Information about any known risks or benefits that they might experience as part of their involvement. Information about what they will be doing in the study. That they have the right to withdraw from the study at any time.

question

What is a random assignment?

answer

The assignment of participants to research groups by chance.

question

Which of the following are characteristics of a placebo?

answer

Harmless, inert substance. Given to participants of a study instead of a presumed active agent.

question

A ____ is an actor who participates in a psychological experiment pretending to be a subject but in actuality is working for the researcher.

answer

confederate

question

If the experiment methods used are found to be biased and illogical then the research does not have ____ validity.

answer

internal

question

Which of the following are measures of central tendency?

answer

mean, median, mode

question

An operational definition is an objective description of how a research variable is going to be ____ and observed.

answer

measured

question

When we say that something has statistical ____ it means that the differences observed between two groups are large enough that it is highly unlikely that those differences are merely due to chance.

answer

significance

question

Why is it important that survey questions be clear and understandable?

answer

Because the participants responses must clearly reflect their feelings about the topics. Because the questions must clearly measure the specific topic being studied. Because the questions are used to define the operational variable.

question

Data is particularly useful when used to mathmatically

answer

support predictions.

question

One drawback of the ____ study is the inability to generalize the results to the broader population.

answer

case

question

____ or experimental research provides researchers a way to control many aspects of the situation.

answer

Laboratory

question

Lou assigns a number to identify each of his participant's responses. Lou is protecting the participants'

answer

confidentiality, identity, anonymity

question

A(n) ____ variable is the manipulated experiment factor in an experiment.

answer

independent

question

____ describe how much the scores in a sample vary from one another.

answer

Measures of dispersion

question

Research participant bias is

answer

the influence of research participants' expectations on their behavior within an experiment.

question

(T/F): Most psychological studies do not generate a considerable amount of numerical data.

answer

False

question

An experimental design actually reflects the real-world issue it was meant to address. This design is considered to have ____ validity.

answer

external

question

Inferential statistics give a statement of ____ about the differences observed between two or more groups.

answer

probability

question

In quasi-experimental study why is participant assignment or a control group not randomly determined? Select all statements that apply.

answer

This type of research is used to examine participants who are already in groups. This type of research is used to assess differences between existing groups. Assigning participants to random groups may be unethical or impossible.

question

A researcher is studying how trauma might affect a person's day to day functioning. What types of research might the designer chose to conduct this study?

answer

experimental, correlational, descriptive

question

One benefit of the ____, a statistical measure of central tendency, is that it is particularly useful in cases in which information is desired about preference or popularity.

answer

mode

question

____ assignment reduces the likelihood that the results are due to other preexisting differences.

answer

Random

question

A correlation of ____ means there is no relationship between two variables.

answer

zero

question

An extraneous variable that has not been measured that accounts for the relationship between two other variables is known as

answer

a third variable problem.

question

Results are considered reliable if they can be

answer

replicated.

question

A therapist takes a full history of a client and finds she has exhibited symptoms of depression since she was five years old. What type of descriptive research is this an example of?

answer

case study

question

The number of magnitude of a correlation tells a psychologist about the ____ of a relationship.

answer

strength

question

Which of the following are measures of dispersion?

answer

standard deviation, range

question

In actual practice, random sampling ____ results that are representative of an entire population.

answer

approximates

question

Researchers studying the long-term effects of an antidepressant have asked participants every 6 months for the last decade to undergo blood work, a physical, and a short mental status exam, They are now compiling their research. What type of research have they been conducting?

answer

a longitudinal design

question

____ refers to all of the information researchers collect in a study.

answer

Data

question

Historically, many research projects only contained ale participants, even when the researchers were studying drugs that would ultimately be used only by women. This systematic use of men in research, even when women would have been a more appropriate choice, demonstrates

answer

bias

question

A meta-analysis does not allow researchers to

answer

define and determine basic dimensions for ongoing phenomena

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