Question 1

Psychology

Accepted Answer

the scientific study of behavior and mental processes(the mind)

Question 2

Behavior

Accepted Answer

outward actions and reactions; includes both verbal and nonverbal behaviors.

Question 3

Mental Processes

Accepted Answer

internal, covert activity of our minds e.g. thoughts, feelings, sensations, perceptions, memories, learning, dreams, motives, and other subjective experiences.

Question 4

Science

Accepted Answer

an objective way to answer the questions based on observable facts/data and well described methods

Question 5

Introspection

Accepted Answer

personal observation of your own thoughts, feelings, and behavior.

Question 6

Humanistic Perspective

Accepted Answer

focus on people\'s ability direct their own lives (free will).  emphasize human potential.   key idea: we have free will to live more creative, meaningful, and satisfying lives.

Question 7

The Gestalt Viewpoint

Accepted Answer

key idea; to understand consciousness, we study the whole, not just its component parts.   \"the whole is greater than the sum of its parts\'\'

Question 8

Cognitive Perspective

Accepted Answer

involves the study of thoughts and mental processes.  key idea; the way our brain processes information influences how we behave.

Question 9

Structuralism

Accepted Answer

identify \'atoms\' of the mind.   key idea; our consciousness can be broken down into its essential elements.

Question 10

Functionalism

Accepted Answer

focused on how the mind allows people to function/survive in the real world(behavior is purposeful).  influenced by Darwin idea of natural selection-> led to focus on how behaviors help us adapt to the environment.

Question 11

Psychodynamic Theory

Accepted Answer

key idea; our behavior is deeply influenced by unconscious thoughts, impulses, and desires.   many unconscious drives are sexual or destructive in nature.   Psychoanalysis attempts to \'free\' these threats.

Question 12

Behavioral Perspective

Accepted Answer

believed that only observable events can be studied scientifically, and studied the effects of environments on the overt behavior of human and animals.   key idea; our behavior is learned, observable, and measurable.

Question 13

Biological psychology

Accepted Answer

also referred to as behavioral neuroscience, focuses on the relationships between mind and behavior and their underlying biological processes, including genetics, biochemistry, anatomy, and physiology.

Question 14

Evolutionary psychology

Accepted Answer

attempts to answer the question of how our physical structure and behavior have been shaped by their contributions to our species\' survival.   The basic principle of evolutionary psychology is that our current behavior exists in its present form because it provided some advantage in survival and reproduction to our ancestors.   An evolutionary psychologist might be interested in the fact that we have a very good memory for faces, and particularly for faces of people who have cheated us in the past

Question 15

Cognitive psychology

Accepted Answer

focuses on the process of thinking, or the processing of information.   Because our ability to remember plays an integral part in the processing of information, a cognitive psychologist is likely to have a lot to say about the storage and retrieval of memories.

Question 16

psychodynamic perspective,

Accepted Answer

focusing on internal, often unconscious mental processes, motives, and desires or childhood conflicts to explain behavior.

Question 17

developmental perspective,

Accepted Answer

A modern approach to developmental psychology explores the normal changes in behavior that occur across the lifespan.

Question 18

behavioral perspective

Accepted Answer

seeks to explain external causes of behavior, suggests that behavior is learned and is influenced by other people and events define, and treat abnormal behaviors.

Question 19

Sociocultural psychology (social psychology)

Accepted Answer

describes the effects of the social environment, including culture, on the behavior of individuals.   One cannot fully explain a person\'s behavior without understanding his or her culture, gender identity, ethnic identity and other important cultural factors, and looks at individual differences. Recognizing individual differences is especially important to psychologists interested in variations in personality.

Question 20

humanistic perspective

Accepted Answer

explain behavior as stemming from your choices and free will. These choices are influenced by your self-concept (how you think of yourself) and by your self-esteem (how you feel about yourself).

Question 21

positive psychology

Accepted Answer

A growing emphasis on human strengths and on how humans attain happiness has led to the subfield of

Question 22

eclectic approach

Accepted Answer

integrates or combines several perspectives to provide a more complete and complex picture of behavior.

Question 23

Biological anxiety

Accepted Answer

is related to chemicals in the body or to genetics (heredity).

Question 24

Evolutionary anxiety

Accepted Answer

is an adaptive response that prepares one to respond to potential threats in the environment. This response helps humans survive because it warns them of danger and thereby  helps them avoid situations or people that may harm them. However, in modern times, these threats tend to be ongoing: traffic jams, crowding, and the hectic pace of consumerism.

Question 25

Psychodynamic anxiety

Accepted Answer

is the product of unresolved feelings of hostility, guilt, anger, or sexual attraction experienced in childhood.

Question 26

Behavioral anxiety

Accepted Answer

is a learned behavior much like Albert\'s fear of the white rat. It is a response that is associated with a specific stimulus or a response that has been rewarded.

Question 27

Sociocultural anxiety

Accepted Answer

is a product of a person\'s culture. In the United States, more women than men report being anxious and fearful, and this gender difference results from different socialization experiences. Men in the United States are raised to believe that they must not be afraid, so they are less likely to acknowledge or report anxiety. Women do not experience this pressure to hide their fears, so they are more likely to tell others that they are anxious and to seek treatment.

Question 28

Humanistic anxiety

Accepted Answer

is rooted in people\'s dissatisfaction with their real self (how they perceive themselves) as compared to their ideal self (how they want to be).

Question 29

Cognitive anxiety

Accepted Answer

refers to the idea that people think differently than nonanxious people. Anxious people may engage in more pessimistic thinking or worry that everything will go wrong.

Question 30

Eclectic anxiety

Accepted Answer

stems from various sources depending on the individual. One person may be prone to anxiety because many people in his family are anxious and he has learned to be anxious from several experiences. Another person may be anxious because she is dissatisfied with herself and believes that everything always goes wrong in her life.

Question 31

The first official psychological experiment involved ____.

Accepted Answer

measuring how quickly, after hearing a ball drop onto a platform, a person could respond by striking a telegraph key

Question 32

The letter B and the number 13 might appear to be very similar; in fact, the only real difference between them is the space between the left and right sides of each figure. Who would be most likely to describe this difference as being caused by the context of the letters or numbers that come before and after the image?

Accepted Answer

Max, who is a Gestalt psychologist

Question 33

Which of the following proverbs best describes Gestalt theory?

Accepted Answer

The whole is greater than the sum of its parts.

Question 34

An approach to psychology that features the study and careful measurement of observable behaviors is called ____.

Accepted Answer

behaviorism

Question 35

The psychological perspective that examines the normal changes in behavior, which occur across the life span, is called ____.

Accepted Answer

developmental psychology

Question 36

Edward has a fear of being contaminated when shaking hands with others, touching doorknobs, and being in crowded public spaces, such as subway cars. He washes his hands roughly 100 times a day. His doctor has recently prescribed an antidepressant to increase his level of serotonin. Which approach to psychological disorders does this exemplify?

Accepted Answer

the biological model

Question 37

Functionalism emerged partly in response to the publication of ____.

Accepted Answer

The Origin of the Species, by Charles Darwin

Question 38

A doctor notices that many soldiers returning from fighting in the trenches in World War I were highly anxious, fearful of loud noises, and having difficulty reconnecting with their families. He asks them to record personal observations of their own thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in a journal. This process is called ____.

Accepted Answer

introspection

Question 39

Using the developmental perspective, a psychologist might look at whether the loss of a parent ____.

Accepted Answer

is experienced differently at different ages

Question 40

What is the psychological perspective that focuses on the relationships between mind, behavior, and their underlying biological processes, including genetics, biochemistry, anatomy, and physiology?

Accepted Answer

biological psychology

Question 41

Which of the following is most likely to be the topic of research of a biological psychologist?

Accepted Answer

Do stress hormones due to abuse in early childhood affect the ability to form memories?

Question 42

Most philosophers beginning with Aristotle commonly believed that all knowledge is ____.

Accepted Answer

gained through sensory experience

Question 43

An approach to psychology that sees people as inherently good and motivated to learn and improve is called ____.

Accepted Answer

humanistic psychology

Question 44

The psychological perspective that investigates how physical structure and behavior have been shaped by their contributions to survival and reproduction is called ____ psychology.

Accepted Answer

evolutionary

Question 45

Rosa, a doctoral student in psychology, observes that one of her young study participants grimaces after taking a bite of broccoli. His facial expression is an example of ____.

Accepted Answer

a behavior

Question 46

The psychological perspective that investigates information processing, thinking, reasoning, and problem solving is called ____.

Accepted Answer

cognitive psychology

Question 47

What is the approach to psychology that saw behavior as purposeful and contributing to survival?

Accepted Answer

functionalism

Question 48

A biological psychologist studies the effects of amphetamine on aggression in rhesus monkeys. However, to the researcher\'s surprise, the experimental results differ for isolated monkeys versus monkeys in a colony. What is missing from this experiment?

Accepted Answer

the social psychology perspective

Question 49

An evolutionary psychologist would be most interested in the question of ____.

Accepted Answer

whether there is an adaptive reason why men tend to gamble more than women

Question 50

structuralism

Accepted Answer

can be broken into smaller pieces   placed it\'s importance on systematic observation in studying consequences

Question 51

who is wilhelm w

Accepted Answer

founding father of psychology   first to establish a psychology lab

Question 52

introspection

Accepted Answer

looking inside oneself

Question 53

functionalism

Accepted Answer

most concerned with enabling humans to adapt to changing environments.

Question 54

behaviorism

Accepted Answer

focuses on outside influence or external factors causing a person\'s behavior

Question 55

john watson

Accepted Answer

father of behaviorism

Question 56

humanistic psychology

Accepted Answer

arose as reaction against psychoanalysis and behaviorism. concentrated on assumed inherent tendency toward personal growth

Question 57

cognitive approach

Accepted Answer

focuses on mental processes

Question 58

biological approach

Accepted Answer

nervous system, heredity, brain and nervous system effect behavior.

Question 59

social cultural approach

Accepted Answer

social and cultural influences on behavior

Question 60

evolutionary approach

Accepted Answer

functional purpose and adaption

Question 61

operational definition

Accepted Answer

exactly specifies variables in experimental to be measured. defines what the variable will be.

The Science of Mind – Chapter 1 Into To Psychology

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