The Roman Empire. Or Republic. Or… Which Was It? – Flashcards
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What is the meaning of SPQR
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- Senatus Populusque Romanus - The Senate and People of Rome
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Why was Julius Caesar assassinated according to Shakepeare
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Caesar was going to destroy the Roman Republic
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What were the three types of governments in Rome
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Monarchy, Aristocracy, and Democracy
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Monarchy
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Supreme power or sovereignty held by a single person
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Aristocracy
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A form of government in which power is held by the nobility
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Democracy
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A system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.
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Polybius
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Greek historian of the Hellenistic period noted for his work, The Histories, which covered the period of 264-146 BC in detail.
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What were the two broad classes Rome was divided in
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-The Patricians - The Pelebians
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Who were the Patricians
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Small group of aristocratic families
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Who were the Pelebians
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The common population of Rome
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The Senate
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- Drawn from the Patricians - Was a sort of mixture of Legislature and the giant advisory council - Their main job was to set policy for the Consuls
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How may co-Consuls did the Senate choose each year
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2
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Why were there 2 co-Consuls
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So they could check each other's ambitions, and so that one could take care of Rome domestically, while the other fights off wars and conquering new territories
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How many years was a Consul forbidden to serve again
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10 years
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What was to happen when the Republic was in imminent danger
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A dictator was to be chosen
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Gaius Julius Caesar
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- Born around 100 BCE to one of Rome's leading families - Served in both the Army and the Senate - Ran for Consul
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Who helped Julius Caesar financially through his Consul run
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Marcus Licinius Crassus
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Marcus Licinius Crassus
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- One of Rome's richest men - Roman general and politician who played a key role in the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire
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When did Caesar become Consul
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59 BCE
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Caesar allied with these two men
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Crassus and General Pompey
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What was the alliance of Caesar, Crassus, and General Pompey called
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The First Triumvirate
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When was Julius Caesar named both Dictator and Consul
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After the building of the Roman empire in 48 BCE
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Caesar was elected consul again in
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46 BCE and 45 BCE
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What were the reforms that Caesar pursued
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- Land pensions for his soldiers - Restructured the debts of a huge percentage of Rome's debtors - Changed the calendar to make it look more like the one we use today
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The second triumvirate consisted of which 3 individuals
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- Caesar's adopted son Octavian - Octavian's second-in-command Mark Antony - Lepidus
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Why was the Second Triumvirate a massive failure
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- It degenerated into a second civil war - Octavian and Antony fought (the winner being Octavian)
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What did Octavian change his name to
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Augustus Caesar
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Punic Wars
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Series of three wars fought between Rome and Carthage from 264 BC to 146 BC. At the time, they were probably the largest wars that had ever taken place
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First Punic War
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Rome wanted Sicily, which was controlled by Carthaginians. Rome won
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Second Punic War
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Carthage was furious because of their loss in the previous war which became the main reason for the second war
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Hannibal
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- General who commanded the Carthaginian army in the second Punic War - Crossed the Alps and defeated the Romans but was recalled to defend Carthage and was defeated (247-182 BCE)
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When did Hannibal, first, attack a Roman town
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219 BCE
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By what date was Rome definitely an emmpire
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201 BCE
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Third Punic War
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Rome attacked Carthage and completely destroyed it
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What conquest strategy did Rome use
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Military Conquest
