question

llow

answer

Think of the desert environment: dry & harsh weather conditions Consider how the plant looks Externally, it is dry and has pointy spikes on the leaf (a self protective feature) Internally it is slimy, moist and very mucilaginous It grows like a weed and is part of our everyday awareness. It heals us from our skin to our hair to our bellies. If viewed from above it looks like a star. It is a plant that is our friend. Who hasn't heard of aloe? In Africa, it is hung over houses and doors to drive away evil ; bring good luck. In Mexico, it is included in large wreaths with other herbs and pictures of saints for protection and blessings like luck or money.

question

arnica

answer

We know that Arnica is used to relieve swelling, bruising and arthritis. The flower sits at the end of a long thin single stalk that hovers above the mass of the plant. This positioning shows that the energy is being drawn upwards and away from the base (Can you see the relationship of how it works in the body?) Arnica flowers

question

Astragalus

answer

Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus) It's like a shrub and has a woody stem with many fine, feathery leaves on the stalk. The root grows laterally creating a broad base for the plant. We know it as an immune tonic and adaptogen. The medicinal root is tan externally and white internally. If you stretch your imagination, you can envision it as a bone. Astragalus (Astragalus membranaceus) We know that our immune cells are born in the bone marrow in our bones. Can you see this connection from an herbalist perspective? Astragalus

question

Bearberry

answer

It likes to grow in bogs in an acidic environment low to the ground. Commonly, it is used to treat urinary tract infections Bacteria that line the urinary tract grow well in an acidic environment Isn't it interesting that Mother Nature has provided a plant that grows in an acidic environment to help neutralize infections that thrive in an acidic environmen Wabinaki people from the NE U.S. and Canada combine this herb as part of a mixture of herbs to smoke

question

Goldenseal

answer

The root of Goldenseal and Barberry is bright yellow. These herbs are commonly used for infections. Symptoms of an infection can create heat in the body along with yellow mucus (an example of like cures like). Berberis (Berberis vulgaris) Goldenseal leaves grow low to the ground while Barberry leaves grow upwards. Goldenseal is currently on the Endangered Plants list. Berberis is not. Look to your local environment to find the herb that will best meet your needs while protecting the plants that need our support. Berberis (Berberis vulgaris) Goldenseal is used in money spells. Both have been used to dye clothing or paint the body.

question

Bilberry

answer

Bilberry (Vaccinium myrtilis) As the name suggests it grows a berry (that look like little eyes)! Commonly used for eye and vascular conditions. Fighter pilots in WWII ate bilberry jam and had improved night vision. (J. Duke

question

Black Cohosh

answer

Black Cohosh (Cimicifuga racemosa) A classic female herb. It grows 3- 8 ft tall, leaves are sharply toothed with billowy and wispy flower tufts. It aids in female conditions like PMS; binds to estrogen receptors. Consider symptoms of PMS: sharp irritability in a woman that may generally have a soft nature.

question

Buchu

answer

Buchu (Agasthosma betulina) South African herb. A low shrub that can grow to 6.5 ft Classically used for urinary tract conditions

question

chamomile

answer

A very popular herb that is highly underestimated. Great internally for the gastrointestinal system and nervous system. Highly beneficial for external conditions such as eczema. Safe for children. Antispasmodic, analgesic, antifungal, antiinflammatory, diuretic, anti-body odor, anticatarrhal), antimicrobial, antiseptic, carminative, nervine, vulnerary, diaphoretic. With all these health-promoting actions, it is a wonder that a box of chamomile tea costs only $2! Powers: used to attract money (a handwash was used by gamblers to ensure winnings) Added to a bath attracts love.

question

Chasetree

answer

A classic female herb. Progesterone enhancing. Used for menstrual irregularities ; to promote breastmilk production. Grows as a deciduous tree or a shrub with purple flowers. Native to southern Europe and western Asia. Attracts hummingbirds ; butterflies. Easy to grow. Flowers are fragrant. Native to southern Europe and western Asia. Attracts hummingbirds ; butterflies. Easy to grow. Flowers are fragrant.

question

Extracts

answer

extracted from plant material lusing watger or alchold extract contains soluble frantion of the plant mater about 20% non soluble figer the herb to extract ration HER is 5;1 or 100:1 herb with 1% essential oils pg 18

question

special extracts

answer

conditions of the extraction are modified and manipulated by using liquied CO so that desirable chemical compounds are extracted in high yield while undersirable ones are reduced to low conentrations or are completely excluded.

question

Monopreparation

answer

medicinal products a single plant as an exact ingredient

question

Doctrine of Signatures

answer

lplant organs with a similar shape to certain human organs could cure those organs.

question

Hepatia

answer

liver

question

Lungwort

answer

pulmonary infections

question

Darwins theories

answer

development of the first phylogenetic systems that based on the principles of inheritance.

question

morphological implications

answer

MAPS

question

Lamiaceae

answer

accumulate in glandular hairs of the epidermis

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Hyosciamus (solanaceae

answer

synthesized in the root system of the plants fro where they are transported to the aerial part of the plants via the xylem

question

four elemenets

answer

earth is composed of four elements, earth, air, fire, water

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Four Humors

answer

blood,phlegm,black bile, yellow bile also associated with cold, heat, damp, dry influence health and temperment

question

De Material Medica

answer

written by Dioscorides

question

Arnica

answer

Regarding Arnica: D. All of the above

question

NOT true about Aloe?

answer

Which of the following statements is NOT true about Aloe? Its origin is believed to be Africa, where it grows in the desert It's active ingredients are alkaloids Its use goes back thousands of years The squeezed juice has good demulcent healing properties when applied to wounds

question

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the use of Astragalus?

answer

There are no known contraindications to its use

question

Which of the following is NOT true regarding Burdock:

answer

Which of the following is NOT true regarding Burdock: A. Burdock root contains atropine, a toxin B. Medicinal parts of burdock include the root, seed, and leaves C. The root can be used fresh or dried D. Uses of burdock include as a diuretic and cholagogue

question

Regarding Berberis, which of the following is NOT true?

answer

It is safe for use during pregnancy

question

Which of the following is NOT true regarding bilberry?

answer

1. Which of the following is NOT true regarding bilberry? It is in the same family as cranberry The main active ingredients are alkaloids The active ingredients give the fruit its color Capillary and vein treatment are two supported

question

Which of the following is NOT true regarding bilberry

answer

The main active ingredients are alkaloids

question

Which of the following is NOT true about Cayenne

answer

It should always be avoided for stomach problems because of its spiciness

question

Comfrey must be used with caution internally because it contains pyrrolizidine

answer

True

question

Buchu

answer

Buchu is an African herb used in malaria treatment True False

question

The name chaste tree comes from the fact that it was used to enhance libido

answer

False

question

Black Cohosh

answer

Which of the following herbs would be most indicated for a woman needing hormonal support to promote a menstrual cycle? Astragalus Black Cohosh Bupleurum Bilberry

question

Aloe

answer

Which of the following herbs has been used to treat skin lesions as well as constipation and other gastrointestinal complaints? Arnica Aloe Burdock Black Walnut

question

Plant Energetics

answer

Each plant has a particular way it lives in the world. Ancient healing traditions like Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ayurvedic Medicine classify herbs by their energetic quality. Energetic quality refers to a bitter, pungent, sour, cool or warm characteristic in the plant, in the environment and in the person.

question

Citrus

answer

Neroli (Citrus aurantium): sour, bitter & slightly cold- good for short term use. Green citrus (Citrus reticulata): warm, pungent & bitter- good for longer term use blended with a cool citrus.

question

Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens)

answer

Native to South Africa. Shrub-like perennial vine. Plant has a large, claw-like fruit. Its root is bitter and cooling. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antirheumatic and antiarrhythmic.

question

Dong Quai (Angelica

answer

Native to China. Spicy, bitter ; warm. Commonly used for women but helpful for men as well. Nutritive and restorative. Carminative, stimulant, emmenagogue, diaphoretic and expectorant. Classically used to improve circulation and to restore reproductive health for women and men (men: prostatitis, orchitis, erectile dysfunction; women: regulates menstruation, cramps, menopausal symptoms). Blood nourisher and helps strengthen the heart, spleen, liver and kidneys. Promotes good functioning of the root chakra

question

Echinacea (Echinacea angustifolia ; Echinacea pupurea)

answer

Cool, dry and pungent. Antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, vulnerary ; lymphatic. Consider a cold or flu scenario with lots of phlegm. Echinacea will dry up the mucus and cool and soothe any irritation from the cold or flu. Herbalists are not convinced that one species is more potent than the other. To check potency of a preparation watch for the tingling or numbness on your tongue. A stronger numbing or tingling effect means a higher potency. E. angustifolia can be prepared after the root has been preserved. E.purpurea must be prepared immediately upon harvesting.

question

Evening Primrose (Oenothera biennis

answer

Sweet, cool and nourishing. Contains the essential fatty acid gamma-linoleic acid (GLA). (Remember that EFA's are good for all inflammatory conditions). Used for eczema, arthritis, neurological disorders, immune deficiency, inflammation of the skin, painful breasts, BPH (Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy) and as a partus prepator.

question

Eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis)

answer

Bitter, cool and detoxifying. Astringent, anti-inflammatory and expectorant. Good for sinus conditions as well as eye conditions. May be used internally or externally.

question

Fennel

answer

Warming, dry, pungent, sweet and bitter. Carminative, pectoral (helps break up chest congestion), galactogogue, digestive, circulatory stimulant and antiinflammatory. Pleasant taste. Palatable addition to formulas. Bitter, warm and dry. Well known for alleviating migraines and allergies. Anti-inflammatory

question

Feverfew (Tanacetum

answer

Bitter, warm and dry. Well known for alleviating migraines and allergies. Anti-inflammatory

question

Garlic (Allium sativa) Very

answer

Very hot, dry and pungent. Antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiinflammatory, antihypertensive, cardio-tonic, anti-hypercholesterolemic (cholesterol reducer), immune-enhancing. Used as a natural pesticide. Historically used to guard against plague. Thought to expel evil spirits.

question

Ginger (Zingiber officinalis

answer

Pungent, hot and dry. Anti-inflammatory, circulatory stimulant, antioxidant, anti-hypercholesterolemic, diaphoretic, antispasmodic & food preservative. Used for colds, motion sickness, dyspepsia, nausea of pregnancy, etc.

question

Ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba)

answer

Bitter, astringent and neutralizing. Affinity for the brain and circulatory system. Helps with circulation to the extremities. Relieves altitude sickness, macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, tinnitus, low libido and erectile dysfunction.

question

Panad ginseng

answer

Panad ginseng Active ingrediants a complex mixture of terpenoid saponis with 20 (S) protopanaxadiol land 20 protopanaxadiol and as aglycones, collectively known as ginsenosides up to 6%The most important ones are the ginsenosides rg, rc ,rd, rb1, rb2rb0 also present is a series polyacetylenes the amount ginsenoynes a-k and small amounts of essential oil

question

Siberian Ginseng

answer

Siberian Ginseng Roots and rhizomes contain phytochemicals , eleutherosides various classes of compunds are involved such as coumarins, lignans, and phenlpropahoids. Triterpenoids and triterpene saponins, eleutherosides I-M, lignans nd their glycosides such as sesamin and syringe-resinol,coumarins, isofraxidin, b-sitosterol,daucosterol, liriodendrin and polysacchardes

question

Gotu kola

answer

Indian Penny wort, hydrocotyle, centella asiatoica. Trailing herb of moist places with slender stems, rounded, simple leaves and inconspicuous flowers in sort cluster. Small fruits are lateral compressed schizocarps each comprising two mericarps that split apart at maturity. It is a wound healing general tonic. Main compaounds are the triterpenes Asiatic acid and madecassic acid volatile oil p cymol b caryophllene and farnesense . What kind of plant is Gotu kola? See description on page 90? A trailing herb of moist places with slender stems, rounded simple leaves and inconspicuous flowers in short clusters. The small fruits are laterally compressed schizocarps, each comprising two mericarps that split apart at maturity

question

venotonic effects

answer

Venotonics, also known as venotropics or phlebotropics, are a class of medicinals that have effect on veins and are used to alleviate venous diseases and disorders and particularly venous insufficiency Herbs with Venotonic effects Myrhh, horse chesnut, ginger, ginkgo, nettles, Gotu kola

question

Hawthorn

answer

Flowers, leaves and berries used Leaves are astringent. Berries are sweet & sour and slightly astringent. Flowers are fragrant. According to Dr. Fredda Paul, flowers have the strongest medicinal actions medicine but the flowers or berries can be used separately. Berries should be cooked before eaten. Do not eat raw berries. A fruit preservative can be made out of the berries and spread on toast. Warming. In the Rosaceae (Rose) familyCardiovascular tonic Deep muscle restorative (David Winston). Can be taken prophylactically to maintain cardiovascular health. Energetically, can help soothe a broken heart. Safe to use with most heart medications. Contraindicated for someone taking digitalis

question

Kava

answer

Is Kava considered to be addictive? Where did it originate? Safety issues?: see p. 243 and lecture notes. Not addictive, toxic effects, originate in Polynesia Kava kava (Piper methysticum) Root used. Sharp, pungent, can numb the tongue. Relieves stress and anxiety. Do not take it with alcohol, sedatives or muscle relaxers because those effects will be potentiated. Kava kava (Piper methysticum) Used when leaders of warring tribes came together to have peace talks to promote amicable conversations in times of conflict. They chewed the raw root then spit it into a large pot for a ceremonial preparation

question

st. Mary's Thistle

answer

Other names forOther names for st. Mary's Thistle are: page 300. What does hepatoprotective mean? What are it's main active constituents. Know that it is well-studied in liver disease. Milk thistle, Hepatoprotection or antihepatotoxicity is the ability to prevent damage to the liver. Active constituents, fruits, flavonolignans, silymarin, sil7binin, benzodioxane and small amounts of isosilybinin, silchritin and silydiannin. Prevents liver toxins from enter into the liver cells and also stimulates regeneration and foration of new liver cells are: page 300. What does hepatoprotective mean? What are it's main active constituents. Know that it is well-studied in liver disease. Milk thistle, Hepatoprotection or antihepatotoxicity is the ability to prevent damage to the liver. Active constituents, fruits, flavonolignans, silymarin, sil7binin, benzodioxane and small amounts of isosilybinin, silchritin and silydiannin. Prevents liver toxins from enter into the liver cells and also stimulates regeneration and foration of new liver cells

question

Milk thistle

answer

Milk thistle, Hepatoprotection or antihepatotoxicity is the ability to prevent damage to the liver. Active constituents, fruits, flavonolignans, silymarin, sil7binin, benzodioxane and small amounts of isosilybinin, silchritin and silydiannin. Prevents liver toxins from enter into the liver cells and also stimulates regeneration and foration of new liver cells.

question

Stinging nettles

answer

Urtica diolica leaves or roots. prostate, arthristis, diuretic, anti inflammatory Silicic acid , amines , histamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, flavornol glycosides, phenolic acids scopoletin, b sinosterol and tannis. Polysaccharides, lectin, phenolic, lignans, coumarins, strolls, b-sitosterol, hyroxsitosterol glycosides, histamine acetylcholine Pg 332, 430 stomach complaints, sweating. skin irritation..

question

Nettles: What condition used for?

answer

Nettles: What condition used for? Rheumatic complaints and lesser extent inflammation of urinary tract and the prevention of treatment of kidney gravel.

question

What part of the plant used

answer

Aboveground parts or leaves or roots Leaves

question

What important things do the leaves contain?

answer

minerals and vitamins and have been used as a nutritional suppplement

question

Mugwort

answer

Artemisia vulgaris Dried leaves or above ground parts, roots Stomachic, emmenagogue, cholagogue, anthelmintic. Essential oil with mono and sesquiterpenoids sesquiterpene lactonescineoale, camphor, linalool, thujone and mono-terpenenes and sesquiterpenes, vulgarin and psilostachyin, flavored glycosides and coumarins. Pg 57, 400 Neuroses, depression, restlessness, insomnia, anxiety miscarriage can start menstruation causes uterus to contract.

question

What part of the plant used

answer

What part of the plant used? Aboveground parts or leaves or roots Leaves

question

Milk thistle

answer

Milk thistle Silybum marianum Above ground parts or leaves urticae herba folium or roots urticae radix Antirheumatic (herb and leaf) urological (roots) Sinalbin (a glucosinolate) Chronic liver inflammation and chirrhosis. Pg 300

question

myrrh

answer

myrrh Commiphora myrrha Bitter tasting oleo-resin from bark myrr; myrrrha. Astringent, antiseptic, anti inflammatoroy Polysaccharids, triterpenoids, triterpene acids and essential oil rich in sesquiterpenses b element 8 e;ement and furanosesquiterpenes of the elemen eudesmen, guaien, and germacren types, furaoedesma might make a fever worse. Large amounts of myrrh can affect heart rate..might affect blood glucose levels,stimulate uterine bleeding

question

lycium

answer

lycium Lyceum chinese Chinese wolfberry Chinese boxthorn Fresh or dried berries , leaves dried root bark Most important Traditional tonic to improve the blood, strengthen the body, treat wasting disease, protect the liver, improve eyesite Amino acids, polysaccharides, carotenoids, triterpenes and steroidal triterpenoids polyamine small peptides, withanolide A A reduces blood pressure Pg 195 Lycium seems safe when taken by mouth. It can cause some side effects such as nausea and vomiting.

question

horsechestnut

answer

horsechestnut Aesculus hippocastanum Seeds less often leaves or bark Anti inflammatory, venotonic, anti-oedma, anti odema increase vascular tone and stability of capillary veins varicose veins rheumatism and fever, bruising, edema Triterprne saponins, aescin Vascular tightening pg 34

question

licorice

answer

licorice Glycrrhiza glabra Dried rhizomes woody branches stems white flowers Anti-inflammatory anti viral, antibacterial, cyotoxic, antihepatorotoxic, antioxidant, anti-histaminic glycyrrhizin and glycrrhetic acids, corticoids, glucocorricoids, aldosterone, secretomotoric properties, saponins. Pg 160 Minferalocorticoid activities of liquorice, when taken in large doses over prolonged periods can promote hypertonia

question

Pau d' arco

answer

Pau d' arco Tabebuia impetiginosa Dried inner bark common cold, flu, and H1N1 (swine) flu; sexually transmitted infections such as gonorrhea and syphilis; infections of the prostate and bladder; ringworm and other parasitic infections; yeast infections; and infectious diarrhea Anthraquinones, naphthofsquinones and furanonaphthofquinones naphthoquinone lapachol, dehydroiso, lapachone and dehydro lapachone llapachol, benzoic acid derivatives , iridid glycosides. Teas, labeled as pau d'arco or lapacho, do not always contain pau d'arco (Tabebuia speciesmay contain, Tecoma curialis. inner bark more effective than outer bark, when the product contains outer bark.

question

lycium

answer

lycium Lyceum chinese Chinese wolfberry Chinese boxthorn Fresh or dried berries , leaves dried root bark Most important Traditional tonic to improve the blood, strengthen the body, treat wasting disease, protect the liver, improve eyesite Amino acids, polysaccharides, carotenoids, triterpenes and steroidal triterpenoids polyamine small peptides, withanolide A A reduces blood pressure Pg 195 Lycium seems safe when taken by mouth. It can cause some side effects such as nausea and vomiting.

question

8. Dried ginger vs. fresh ginger

answer

The fresh or dried rhizomes or extracts thereof are important ingredients of stomachic and tonics to treat dyspepsia and nausea (especially travel sickness) In china the main use of fresh ginger is for treating fever, coughs and nausea, while dried ginger is used against stomach pain and diarrhea. Ginger is widely used in folk medicine all ove the world idts pungent taste is sometime used to mask the unpleasant taste of other medicines. page 349

question

panax ginseng

answer

1. Know the active ingredients for panax ginseng pg. 224. PG is an adaptogenic tonic generally used to counteracting weakness, fatigue, declining stamina and concentration. The active ingredients are triterpenoids, saponins. What are they referred to collectively? Ginsenosides. What are they referred to collectively? Ginsenosides

question

hawthorne

answer

4. Know the parts used for the plant Hawthorn on slide 17 and 18 of PowerPoint lecture. Flowers, leaves and berries used. Flowers, leaves and berries used. Leaves are astringent. Berries are sweet & sour and slightly astringent. Flowers are fragrant. A combination of the berries and flowers yields the most potent medicine but the flowers or berries can be used separately. A fruit preservative can be made out of the berries and spread on toast. Energetically, can help soothe a broken heart

question

Kava

answer

5. Is Kava considered to be addictive p. 243? Yes. It is a sedative (anxiolytic) used to treat sleep disturbances, anxiety and stress. Rhizomes and Roots are used Where did it originate? Polynesia Safety issues? Do not take it with alcohol, sedatives or muscle relaxers because those effects will be potentiated. Worsens depression and taxes the liver.

question

hepatoprotective

answer

What does hepatoprotective mean? The ability to prevent damage to the liver. It is also a digestive tonic and the fruit is a bitter and leaves are thought to have cholagogue properties used as supportive treatment of biliary conditions and liver disorders.

question

active constituents

answer

What are its main active constituents? Up to 30% lipids, 30% proteins, (2-3)% flavonolignans and Silymarin, and 50% Silybinin. Know that it is well-studied in liver disease.

question

7. Nettles Page 332:

answer

7. Nettles Page 332: What condition used for? Antirehematic, urological. Leaves and roots are used as supportive treatment of rheumatic complaints, inflammation of the urinary tract, and prevention and treatment of kidney gravel. Dried roots or extracts are used to treat symptoms of an enlarged prostate (hyperplasia). The leaves are rich in mineral and vitamins, and are used as nutritional supplements. Also see Week 3 presentation for further uses. What part of the plant used? Mostly Leaves and roots and sometimes seeds. What important things do the leaves contain? Minerals especially silicic acid, amines (histamine serotonin, acteylchorine), flavonol glycosides, phenolic acids, scopoletin, sterols, and tannins.

question

Mugwort,

answer

8. Know the therapeutic actions of Mugwort, Pg. 57. Mugwort is a Stomachic, emmenagogue, cholagogue, anthelmintic. Anthelmintic to expel threadworms and roundworms. The main modern use is to treat dyspepsia and lack of appetite. Other uses include stomach and intestinal conditions including colic, diarrhea, constipation, cramps, weak digestion, and persistent vomiting. Mugwort is also used to stimulate gastric juice and bile secretion. It is also used as a liver tonic; to promote circulation; and as a sedative. In combination with other ingredients, mugwort root is used for mental problems (neuroses), ongoing fatigue and depression, depression, preoccupation with illness (hypochondria), restlessness, insomnia, and anxiety. Lastly Women take mugwort for irregular periods and other menstrual problems

question

Myrrh Pg

answer

Myrrh Pg. 111: Astringent, Antiseptic, and Anti-inflammatory. It is mainly used topically for mouth and throat infections, inflamed gums (gingivitis), loose teeth, canker sores, bad breath, tonsillitis, ulcers and chapped lips. Other uses include relief of nasal congestion and cough from a common cold, cancer and syphilis

question

Lycium

answer

Lycium pg. 195: Also known as Goji Berry and used as a Traditional tonic. The berries are one of the most traditional medicines in China. They are used as a general tonic to strengthen the body, treat wasting disease, protect the liver, and specifically to improve eyesight. Amino acids, Polysaccharides, carotenoids. Gou qi Zi

question

Horse chestnut seed

answer

9. Know that Horse chestnut seed extract is used for bruising and edema and other conditions mentioned in the text Pg. 34: Anti-Inflammatory, Venotonic, and Anti-Oedema. Circulatory problems (chronic venous and lymphatic vessel insufficiency). Taking horse chestnut seed extract containing 16% to 20% of the chemical aescin can reduce some symptoms of poor blood circulation, such as varicose veins, pain, and tiredness, swelling in the legs, itching, and water retention. Sometimes employed to treat rheumatism, fever, and was formerly used as a washing powder.

question

Licorice

answer

10. Know the actions of Licorice p. 160: expectorant, anti-inflammatory, anti-spasmodic/ Dried Rhizomes are parts used. Since ancient times it has been used to treat chronic gastric and duodenal ulcers, gastritis, epigastric bloating, flatulence, coughs, and externally for skin disorders (piles, sunburn, insect bites pruritus). It is also used as a sweetening agent. Flavonoids, Isoflavonoids, and Chalcones are present.

question

Pau d' Arco

answer

11. Know the actions of Pau d' Arco pg. 316: Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory. In modern herbal medicine it is used mainly to treat candida infections, bacterial infections, chronic STD's and as a supportive treatment in cancer. South Americans traditionally used it to treat cancer, rheumatism, gastritis, bronchitis, fever, eczema and fungal infections. Anthraquinones, Naphthoquinones and

question

Lycium

answer

12. Know the actions of Lycium page. 195 See Question 8

question

Passion flower

answer

Sedative

question

Pleurisy

answer

Pleurisy p. 58 expectorant, diaphoretic, antispasmodic

question

venotonic effects

answer

3. Herbs with venotonic effects from week 3 list. Gotu Kola, Horsechestnut Are ginger and ginkgo venotonic? No, is on pg. 158

question

hawthorne

answer

4. Know the parts used for the plant Hawthorn on slide 17 and 18 of PowerPoint lecture. Flowers, leaves and berries used. Flowers, leaves and berries used. Leaves are astringent. Berries are sweet ; sour and slightly astringent. Flowers are fragrant. A combination of the berries and flowers yields the most potent medicine but the flowers or berries can be used separately. A fruit preservative can be made out of the berries and spread on toast. Energetically, can help soothe a broken heart

question

Milk Thistle

answer

Milk Thistle pg. 300:. Digestive Tonic, Hepatoprotective. Taken as a bitter digestive tonic in case of dyspepsia (indigestion) and disorders of the biliary system, while extracts are taken for their hepatoprotective properties (chronic liver inflammation, cirrhosis, toxic liver damage especially after Amanita toxins).

question

Myrrh

answer

Myrrh Pg. 111: Astringent, Antiseptic, and Anti-inflammatory. It is mainly used topically for mouth and throat infections, inflamed gums (gingivitis), loose teeth, canker sores, bad breath, tonsillitis, ulcers and chapped lips. Other uses include relief of nasal congestion and cough from a common cold, cancer and syphilis.

question

kava

answer

kava Piper methysticum Rhizomes and roots Sleep disturbances, anxiety and stress Kawain, methysticin, dihydrokawain, dihydromethysicin, vangonin and desmethoxy-yangonin. Chronic abuse may lead to toxic effects. Pg 243

question

licorice

answer

licorice Glycrrhiza glabra Dried rhizomes woody branches stems white flowers Anti-inflammatory anti viral, antibacterial, cyotoxic, antihepatorotoxic, antioxidant, anti-histaminic glycyrrhizin and glycrrhetic acids, corticoids, glucocorricoids, aldosterone, secretomotoric properties, saponins. Pg 160 Minferalocorticoid activities of liquorice, when taken in large doses over prolonged periods can promote hypertonia

question

Stinging nettles

answer

Stinging nettles Urtica diolica leaves or roots. prostate, arthristis, diuretic, anti inflammatory Silicic acid , amines , histamine, acetylcholine, serotonin, flavornol glycosides, phenolic acids scopoletin, b sinosterol and tannis. Polysaccharides, lectin, phenolic, lignans, coumarins, strolls, b-sitosterol, hyroxsitosterol glycosides, histamine acetylcholine Pg 332, 430 stomach complaints, sweating. skin irritation..

question

passion flower

answer

Passion flower Passiflora incarnata Dried whole herb, mainly leaves and tin stems Sedative, treats nervousness, restlessness, sleeplessness andnervous gastrointestinal disorders especially in children Flavonoids,vitexin, isovitexin, apigenin,luteilin,y-pyrone derivatives, maltol, ethylmaltol, polyacetylene, passicol, cyanogen glycoside,gynocardin, indole alkaloids of harmine types Pg 227, 420 Hypnotic effect, dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, nausea, vomiting, decreased blood pressure abnormal heart rate and rhythm.

question

Milk thistle

answer

Milk thistle Silybum marianum Ripe Fruit Digestive tonic Sinalbin (a glucosinolate) Chronic liver inflammation and chirrhosis. Pg 300

question

horsechestnut

answer

horsechestnut Aesculus hippocastanum Seeds less often leaves or bark Anti inflammatory, venotonic, anti-oedma, anti odema increase vascular tone and stability of capillary veins varicose veins rheumatism and fever Triterprne saponins, aescin Vascular tightening pg 34

question

horsetail

answer

horsetail Equisetum arvense Dried Stems Diuretic treat inflammation lower urinary trat, kidney gravel ; post traumatic ; static oedema. Slow healing wounds ; other skin disorders Flavonoids silic acid, potassium , aluminum salt Poisoning of horses and other livestock. Contains toxic spermdine alkaloids, palustrine Diuretic, haemostyptic Pg 136 pg 149

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