The Gilded Age APUSH – Flashcards
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Ulysses S Grant
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1869-1877
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Credit Mobilier
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Scandalous company created by Union Pacific Railroad insiders, it distributed shares of its stock to Congressmen to avoid detection
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Whiskey Ring
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During the Grant administration, a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars.
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Whiskey Ring
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During the Grant administration, a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars.
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Fisk and Gould
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In 1869 plotted to "corner the gold market", but needed the Treasury to stop selling gold in order for their plan to work. Worked on Grant and directly with Grants brother in law. "Black Friday" (September 24) they bid the price of gold up.
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Tammany Hall
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a political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city (late 1800s and early 1900s) seeking political control by corruption and bossism
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Thomas Nast
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A famous caricaturist and editorial cartoonist in the 19th century and is considered to be the father of American political cartooning. His artwork was primarily based on political corruption. He helped people realize the corruption of some politicians
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Hard Money
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Small monetary supply
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Soft Money
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Large monetary supply
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Crime of 1873
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The Fourth Coinage Act was enacted by the United States Congress in 1873 and embraced the gold standard and de-monetized silver. U.S. set the specie standard in gold and not silver, upsetting miners who referred to it as a crime
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Resumption Act of 1875
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required the government to continue to withdraw greenbacks from circulation and to redeem all paper currency in gold at face value
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Vertical Integration
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Controlling every element of production. Carnegie Steel controlling the mining to sale.
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Horizontal Integration
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Buying out the competition or forcing them to sell to you. Think Carnegie.
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Rockefeller
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monopolized the oil industry in the United States.
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Vanderbuilt and James Hill
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Kings of RRds
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JP Morgan
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..., Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back. Was one of the "Robber barons"
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Philip Armour
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Pioneered the shipping of hogs to Chicago for slaughter, canning, and exporting of meat.
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Carnegie
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Captain of industry in charge of steel production
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14th Amendment
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1) Citizenship for African Americans, 2) Repeal of 3/5 Compromise, 3) Denial of former confederate officials from holding national or state office, 4) Repudiate (reject) confederate debts
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15th Amendment
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Citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude
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Compromise of 1877
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..., Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river CONGRESS BASICALLY SELLS OUT FREEDMANS BUREAU TO GET HAYES ELECTED
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Freedmans Bureau
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1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs
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Helen Hunt Jackson
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Indian sympathizer
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Dawes Severalty Act of 1887
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Broke up Indian Tribes, forced assimilation
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Exodusters
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Free blacks that went to settle in the west. TONS IN KS
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Farming, commercial ranching, mining
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Economic draws of the west
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Nativism
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anti-immigration movement (know nothing party), protestants and anti-Catholics, anti-Semites,
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Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
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Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate.
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Social Gospel Movement
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A social reform movement that developed within religious institutions and sought to apply the teachings of Jesus directly to society
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Stalwarts
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Roscoe Conkilng, , A faction of the Repulican party, supports social reform
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Half-Breeds
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Favored tariff reform and social reform, major issues from the Democratic and Republican parties. They did not seem to be dedicated members of either party.
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Mugwumps
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A group of renegade Republicans who supported 1884 Democratic presidential nominee Grover Cleveland instead of their partys nominee, James G. Blaine.
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Great Railroad Strike of 1877
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large number of railroad workers went on strike because of wage cuts. After a month of strikes, President Hayes sent troops to stop the rioting. The worst railroad violence was in Pittsburgh, with over 40 people killed by militia men
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The Pendleton Act
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changed the civil service system from a patronage system to a merit system. imposed an exam all civil servants had to take
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Andrew Garfield
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1881-1882, assasinated
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Rutherford B. Hayes
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(1877-1881)
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Chester Arthur
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1882-1885
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Grover Cleveland
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22nd and 24th president, Democrat, Honest and hardworking, fought corruption, vetoed hundreds of wasteful bills, achieved the Interstate Commerce Commission and civil service reform, violent suppression of strikes. SUPPORTED HARD MONEY
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Billion Dollar Congress
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gives out $ in pensions to civil war vets
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Mckinley Tariff 1890
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raises tariff to an unheard of high
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Sherman Anti-Trust Act
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..., First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting.
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Sherman Silver Purchase Act
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govt will resume purchase of silver and coin it again
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Jim Crow Laws
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1890s, stops blacks from voting against republicans
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Plessy vs Ferguson
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Separate but equal is legal
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Panic of 1873
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-hurts farmers
-gold going out fast
-other nations wont lend us gold
-biggest panic in 1800s
-gold going out fast
-other nations wont lend us gold
-biggest panic in 1800s
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Im a beautiful person ; I should love myself
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Honey youre doing great.
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Why JP Morgan rocks
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saves the economy by putting the nations loans on his credit, not the USs.
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Knights of Labor
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Terrence Powderly, close to 1million participants, kinda secret society idk, labor reform movement, think modern labor laws
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Haymarket Affair 1886
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Goal- get 8 hour work day
Result- huge mob, someone throws a bomb, kills a handful of people.
Result- huge mob, someone throws a bomb, kills a handful of people.
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American Federation of Labor
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embraces "pure and simple" unionism, protect OUR workers, practically.
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International Workers of the World
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THE WOBBLIES! basically socialist anarchists, lead by "Big" Bill Haywoods
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Pullman Strike
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American Railway union, Eugene Debbs,, 1894 - nonviolent strike (brought down the railway system in most of the West) at the Pullman Palace Car Co. over wages - Prez. Cleveland shut it down because it was interfering with mail delivery
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The Grange
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Started out as a social thing for lonely farmers, turned political, formed co-ops like shared grain elevators and credit unions.
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Pure Food & Drug Act
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TR, forced food and pharmaceuticals to be accurately labeled and properly packaged.
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Coal Strike of 1902
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Teddy seizes mines, sides with miners, Strike by the United Coal Workers of America, threatening to shut down the winter coal supply. Theodore Roosevelt intervened federally, and resolved the dispute
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Newlands Act of 1902
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Selling govt land to get $ to irrigate more useful land somewhere else
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18th Amendment
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Prohibited the manufacture, sale, and distribution of alcoholic beverages
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Clayton Anti-Trust Act 1916
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Legalizes right for union workers to organize and strike
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Taylorism, Scientific Management
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Analyzing human activities, you can improve efficiency of tasks through the study of human nature and activities
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Lochner vs New York
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Struck down a law limiting the working hours of bakers, "rights of the employer to employee"
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Legal Realism
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basing decisions off of experiences rather than strict logic.
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Pragmatism
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Judge ideas by their consequences rather than their theoretical ends
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Teddy Roosevelt
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26th President, from 1901-1909, passed two acts that purified meat, took over in 1901 when McKinley was shot, Went after trusts, formed the "Bull Moose Party", wanted to build the Panama canal, and make our Navy ( military stronger )
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"Trustbusting"
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suing "bad" trusts in federal courts
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Northern Securities Case
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court can come in and break up larger companies to reduce the risk of monopolies
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Gifford Pinchot
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head of the U.S. Forest Servic under Roosevelt, who believed that it was possible to make use of natural resources while conserving them
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William Howard Taft
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continued trustbusting, though not as much as TR, 1909-1913
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Payne-Aldrich Act
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raised tariff under Taft
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Pinchot-Ballinger Affair
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1910, Taft fires Pinchot, like a stab to the beautiful heart of TR
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Bull Moose Party
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nickname for the new Progressive Party, which was formed to support Roosevelt in the election of 1912
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Woodrow Wilson
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CAN YOU SAY SOCIALIST?! 28th president of the United States, known for World War I leadership, created Federal Reserve, Federal Trade Commission, Clayton Antitrust Act, progressive income tax, lower tariffs, womens suffrage (reluctantly), Treaty of Versailles, sought 14 points post-war plan, League of Nations (but failed to win U.S. ratification), won Nobel Peace Prize
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Clayton Anti-Trust Act
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Made it illegal for companies to buy each others stocks
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16th Amendment
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Ratified income tax
